基于用户谱聚类的Top-N协同过滤推荐算法

传统的协同过滤推荐算法为目标用户推荐时,考虑了所有用户的历史反馈信息对物品相似度的影响,同时相似度的度量仅依靠用户评分信息矩阵,导致了推荐效果不佳。为解决上述问题,提出了基于用户谱聚类的Top-N协同过滤推荐算法（SC-CF）,即应用谱聚类将兴趣相似的用户分成一类,具有相似兴趣爱好的用户比其他用户具有更高的推荐参考价值,然后在类中为目标用户推荐。SC-CF+算法在SC-CF算法的基础上,在相似度度量方法中分别引入了物品时间差因素、用户共同评分权重、流行物品权重。实验结果表明,提出的两种算法提高了推荐结果的召回率。     

基于热门度修正因子和置信度的协同过滤算法

协同过滤算法作为推荐系统的核心算法,其思想是运用用户的历史数据去挖掘用户的兴趣爱好。由于热门项目在传统协同过滤算法的计算过程中会被过分考虑,不能更好地反映用户的真实需求,并且该算法在收集用户评分信息时还存在数据稀疏性的问题,提出了一种结合热门度修正因子和置信度的协同过滤算法。在修正余弦相似度计算公式中引入Jaccard函数来缓解评分矩阵的稀疏性,为了抑制热门项目对实际推荐效果的影响,将热门度修正因子引入到皮尔逊相似度计算公式中,最终相似度计算公式是通过上述改进的公式按照权重进行融合所生成。在公开数据集上验证了引入因子的相似度计算公式以及最终改进相似度计算公式的有效性,从结果中可以清晰地看出其平均绝对误差MAE(Mean Absolute Error)有所降低。     

考虑物品相似权重的用户相似度计算方法

传统的用户相似度计算方法中每个项目的权重是相同的,然而分析传统推荐算法和现实情形,用户间共同高评分项目的权重应该高于用户间共同低评分项目的权重,并且传统用户相似度计算方法没有考虑项目间的类群关系。针对上述问题,提出了一种给项目加权的方法,从而得到考虑项目相似权重的用户相似度计算方法。通过在MovieLens数据集上进行实验,与基于传统用户相似度计算方法的协同过滤算法比较,实验结果表明,考虑了项目相似度权重的协同过滤算法能显著提高评分预测的准确性和推荐系统的质量。     

基于景点标签的协同过滤推荐

针对基于用户社会关系的协同过滤推荐算法有时无法给出目标用户对目标物品的评分的情况,以及基于物品的协同过滤推荐算法中存在的用户对不同类型物品的评分可能不具有可比性的问题,提出了两个基于物品标签的协同过滤推荐算法。这两个算法在计算物品相似度时引入了物品的类型标签信息。在景点评分数据上的实验结果表明：相比基于用户社会关系的协同过滤推荐算法,基于用户社会关系和物品标签的协同过滤推荐算法的准确率和覆盖率提升最高达10%和4%;相比基于物品的协同过滤推荐算法,基于物品和物品标签的协同过滤推荐算法的准确率提升达15%。这说明景点类型标签信息的引入能使得景点的相似度计算更准确。     

基于多权重相似度的随机漫步推荐算法

在传统个性化推荐算法的基础上,提出了一种基于多权重相似度的随机漫步推荐算法。为了解决传统协同过滤算法中忽略了社交网络、热门项目以及共同评分项目之间影响等问题,通过引入万有引力公式计算社交网络中的用户相似度,并对传统协同过滤算法中的相似度进行改进,采用权重因子结合这两者相似度,最后开拓性地结合随机漫步算法进行商品推荐。实验结果表明,提出的算法具有比其他推荐算法更好的推荐性能。     

基于评分偏好和项目属性的协同过滤算法

针对传统的协同过滤推荐由于数据稀疏性导致物品间相似性计算不准确、推荐准确度不高的问题,文中提出了一种基于用户评分偏好模型、融合时间因素和物品属性的协同过滤算法,通过改进物品相似度度量公式来提高推荐的准确度。首先考虑到不同用户的评分习惯存在差异这一客观现象,引入评分偏好模型,通过模型计算出用户对评分类别的偏好,以用户对评分类别的偏好来代替用户对物品的评分,重建用户-物品评分矩阵;其次基于时间效应,引入时间权重因子,将时间因素纳入评分相似度计算中;然后结合物品的属性,将物品属性相似度和评分相似度进行加权,完成物品最终相似度的计算;最后通过用户偏好公式来计算用户对候选物品的偏好,依据偏好对用户进行top-N推荐。在MovieLens-100K和MovieLens-Latest-Small数据集上进行了充分实验。结果表明,相比已有的经典的协同过滤算法,所提算法的准确率和召回率在MovieLens-100K数据集上提高了9%~27%,在MovieLens-Latest-Small数据集上提高了16%~28%。因此,改进的协同过滤算法能有效提高推荐的准确度,有效缓解数据稀疏性问题。     

融合评分相对差异的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法是个性化推荐系统中最常用的方法之一,其中相似度计算直接影响基于内存的协同过滤推荐算法的推荐质量.针对协同过滤推荐算法中传统的用户间相似度计算方法仅考虑共同评分项评分数值上的差异导致难以准确衡量非偏好评分场景中用户间相似度的问题,本文提出一种基于余弦相似度并融合评分相对差异的用户间相似度计算方法.该方法考虑评分规模上的差异,计算评分相对相似度并且引入放大系数,在非偏好评分的场景下可以更加准确地区分用户间差异.在真实的数据集上完成对比实验分析,结果表明在非偏好评分场景下,所提方法相较于对比方法能降低预测误差,提高推荐质量.     

一种基于用户兴趣分析的协同过滤推荐算法

传统的协同过滤推荐算法以用户对所有物品的评分向量作为计算用户相似度的依据,没有考虑到物品属性对用户兴趣的反映。为此,提出一种新的改进的相似度计算方法,引入了"用户兴趣分布矩阵"的定义,设计了启发式的评分预测方式,即根据兴趣相似度选出TOP-K用户之后,以用户标记的物品数量作为该用户的权重来预测评分。在Movielens数据集上的测试结果表明,改进后的算法相比传统的算法在平均绝对误差(MAE)上降低了7.3%。     

基于评分差异度和用户偏好的协同过滤算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法仅通过使用用户评分数据计算用户相似度以至于推荐精度不高的问题,提出一种改进的协同过滤推荐算法。首先,以用户评分的平均值作为分界点得出用户间的评分差异度,并将其作为权重因子计算基于评分的用户相似度;其次,依据用户项目评分和项目类别信息挖掘用户对项目类别的兴趣度以及用户项目偏好,并以此计算用户偏好相似度;然后,结合上述两种相似度加权产生用户综合相似度;最后,融合传统项目相似度和用户综合相似度进行评分预测及项目推荐。实验结果表明,相对于传统的基于用户评分的协同过滤推荐算法,所提算法在数据集下的平均绝对误差值平均降低了2.4%。该算法可在一定程度上提高推荐算法精度以及推荐质量。     

结合贡献度与时间权重的协同过滤推荐算法

传统的协同过滤推荐算法未考虑用户兴趣随时间动态变化,以及不同用户对同一项目评分差异过大对推荐效果的影响,导致推荐效果不理想。针对以上问题,以进一步提高基于用户的协同过滤推荐算法的精度为目标,设计了一种结合贡献度与时间权重的协同过滤推荐算法CTCF。该算法在用户相似度计算中引入可信误差阈值、贡献度与时间权重。首先,利用用户评分信息构建用户-评分矩阵与用户-评分时间矩阵,依据可信误差阈值来计算用户贡献度;然后,引入拟合贡献度与时间因子的遗忘曲线得到时间权重,再将时间权重引入皮尔逊相关系数中计算用户相似度;找出目标用户的邻居集,并预测目标用户对邻居集对应项目中未评分项目的评分;最后,按评分由高到低生成Top-N推荐。在MovieLens数据集上的测试结果表明,CTCF算法具有更高的F1值,有效提高了推荐精度和动态性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。