基于数据依赖核LS-SVM的压电智能结构冲击损伤检测

基于支持向量机与信息几何的统计学关联性,从信息几何学的角度通过共形变换构造了数据依赖核函数,并与LS-SVM相结合,从而形成数据依赖核LS-SVM方法。基于一阶剪切变形理论及有限单元方法,对压电智能复合材料层板进行了低速冲击压电响应数值仿真,并进行了特征提取。基于各压电传感器响应信号特征,采用数据依赖核LS-SVM方法,对压电智能复合材料层板进行了冲击损伤检测,并与静态高斯核函数(RBF)的LS-SVM方法进行了对比。结果表明:在同等条件下,相比于静态RBF核LS-SVM,数据依赖核LS-SVM具有更高的损伤检测精度及更强的推广能力。     

基于并行量子遗传神经网络的自诊断智能结构传感器的优化配置*

针对压电智能复合材料层板,基于损伤检测问题,采用最小二乘小波支持向量机(LS-WSVM)网络建立损伤检测目标函数,运用量子遗传算法对目标函数进行优化,并将LS-WSVM以并行方式与量子遗传算法相结合,从而构造并行量子遗传神经网络方法,实现对智能结构损伤检测传感器的优化配置。仿真结果表明,采用该方法实现的不同数目传感器的最优布置符合工程判断,综合考虑成本与效益的因素,该方法可确定传感器对应于其初始布置模式下的最优配置数目。对于更多传感器的初始布置模式,采用该方法可有效减少传感器的数量,从而降低成本。相比于传统遗传算法,该方法中量子遗传算法具有较好的寻优能力和收敛速度。     

基于粒子群算法优化支持向量机的模拟电路诊断

为了提高支持向量机网络(SVM)进行模拟电路诊断的准确率,提出了一种基于粒子群(PSO)算法和支持向量机的诊断方法。该方法首先对被测电路的响应信号进行多小波变换,通过归一化处理得到分类能力强的最优故障特征;然后用粒子群算法优化支持向量机的结构参数,实现对不同故障模式分类识别。仿真结果表明,此方法能有效提高模拟电路故障诊断准确率。     

压电智能结构损伤检测传感器优化配置的遗传神经网络方法

基于损伤检测的智能结构传感器优化配置的研究工作较少,问题在于难以找到理想的关联损伤物理力学特征的损伤检测目标函数.提出了一种基于损伤检测的压电智能结构传感器优化配置的遗传神经网络(GANN)方法.该方法采用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)网络建立损伤检测目标函数,运用改进的遗传算法对目标函数进行优化,从而实现不同数目传感器的优化布置,并综合考虑成本与效益的因素,确定传感器的最优配置数目.论文对该遗传神经网络方法的具体实现过程及其可行性进行了分析,结果表明,该方法是可行的,可用于实现传感器对应于其初始布置模式下的最优配置.对于更多传感器的初始布置模式,采用该方法可有效减少更多传感器的数量,从而降低成本.     

基于改进PSO优化LSSVM的MEMS陀螺随机漂移预测

提出一种基于改进粒子群算法（PSO）优化最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）的MEMS陀螺随机漂移的预测模型建立方法。该方法首先应用最小二乘支持向量机对MEMS陀螺随机漂移建立预测模型,然后应用改进粒子群算法对该模型进行优化,最后应用参数优化后的LSSVM预测模型对随机漂移进行预测。该方法不仅解决了支持向量机训练速度慢和所需计算资源多的问题,而且文中提出的改进的惯性权值递减策略使PSO算法在全局或局部搜索能力上的侧重具有更好的适应度。实验结果表明,该预测模型可以有效地进行陀螺随机漂移的预测,且预测效果优于基本PSO优化的最小二乘支持向量机。     

基于PSO与LS-SVM的作物需水量预测

为了提高作物需水量预测精度,提出基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的预测模型。该模型以空气湿度、温度、太阳辐射以及风速为输入,利用多项式核函数和径向基核函数的非负线性组合构造核函数,将粒子群优化算法(PSO)与交叉验证方法用于确定模型参数。实验结果表明与神经网络和随机森林相比,PSO优化的LS-SVM可获得更好的预测精度和泛化能力,可用于节水灌溉,具有较高的应用价值。     

基于改进PSO优化LSSVM的传感器补偿研究

针对最小二乘支持向量机在对传感器进行补偿时,正则化参数和核函数参数对补偿精度影响较大的问题,提出一种利用改进的粒子群优化算法优化最小二乘支持向量机模型参数的传感器补偿方法。该方法利用改进的粒子群优化算法优化最小二乘支持向量机模型的正则化参数和核函数参数,避免了人工选择参数的盲目性,提高了最小二乘支持向量机模型的预测精度。仿真实验表明,在传感器的补偿时,该方法比最小二乘支持向量机模型的补偿精度更高。     

混合核函数稀疏LS-SVM软测量建模与应用

针对最小二乘支持向量机存在的稀疏性欠缺和单核函数局限性问题,本文提出一种基于混合核函数稀疏最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模方法.该方法使用多项式核函数和RBF核函数线性加权构成混合核函数,兼顾最小二乘支持向量机的全局拟合能力与局部拟合能力,以矢量基学习作为稀疏解算法,改善最小二乘支持向量机的稀疏性,在精简模型结构的同时,避免冗余信息中的噪声过多的拟合到模型参数中,进而采用粒子群算法优化模型部分参数.将此方法分别应用于Mackey- Glasss混沌模型的时间序列预测和乙烯精馏塔塔釜乙烯浓度预测,应用结果表明该方法较最小二乘支持向量机、稀疏最小二乘支持向量机以及混合核最小二乘支持向量机具有更好的泛化效果和预报精度,兆示出其良好的应用潜力.     

基于PSO与LS—SVM的飞机总体设计的综合论证

研究小样本数据对飞机武器系统的设计和改型方案是航空系统工程的重要内容。针对提高设计的进度和质量问题,利用粒子群优化算法的群体智能优化理论与最小二乘回归支持向量机的回归思想,提出了一种基于粒子群算法与最小二乘回归支持向量机的飞机设计综合智能论证模型。提出应用粒子群算法对支持向量机核函数参数进行寻优,再利用优化的核函数参数支持向量机回归模型,建立映射模型来对飞机的作战效能进行预测。仿真实例验证了方法的适用性和结果的可靠性。     

最小二乘Littlewood-Paley小波支持向量机

基于小波分解理论和支持向量机核函数的条件，提出了一种多维允许支持向量核函数——Littlewood-Paley小波核函数．该核函数不仅具有平移正交性，而且可以以其正交性逼近二次可积空间上的任意曲线，从而提升了支持向量机的泛化性能．在Littlewood-Paley小波函数作为支持向量核函数的基础上，提出了最小二乘Littlewood-Paley小波支持向量机(LS-LPWSVM)．实验结果表明，LS-LPWSVM在同等条件下比最小二乘支持向量机的学习精度要高，因而更适用于复杂函数的学习问题．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.