基于路径质量的无线传感网路由协议

基于跳数的无线传感器网络路由协议因实现简单、延迟少和易维护等优点,一直以来受到广泛关注。在分析现有基于跳数的路由协议的基础上,对最小跳数路由算法的选路标准进行了改进,提出了一种基于路径质量的无线传感网路由协议,采用跳数、综合链路质量和节点能量作为路径质量的度量指标。使用OMNET++网络仿真软件进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明：改进后的路由协议有效地提高了网络分组的投递率,降低了网络的能耗。     

无线传感器网络安全路由协议研究与分析

研究了无线传感器网络路由协议,介绍了3种经典的无线传感网路由协议,并在生存时间、健壮性、可扩展性、能量损耗、抗攻击性等方面对无线传感网路由协议进行了比较,在此基础上,给出了无线传感网路由协议各自的应用范围.     

一种基于合作博弈的均衡路由方法

网络资源公平性分配是网络可存性研究中的关键问题,路由选择算法是影响网络资源分配的公平性和均衡性的关键因素。本文研究路由器路径选择中的均衡性问题,提出了基于博弈论思想的解决方案,即将IPv6协议中的任意播路由问题看作是合作参与者间的博弈;针对该博弈问题,建立了路由算法的合作博弈模型,求得了该博弈均衡点,并在此基础上,提出了一种基于合作博弈的均衡路由方法;最后通过实验仿真了算法结果。     

面向博弈的无线传感器网络自适应路由算法

在无线传感器网络聚簇路由算法基础上,提出了一种面向博弈的自适应路由优化算法.网络中以总体通信能耗最小和延长个体寿命为首要原则,建立源簇到基站的路径;簇首之间相互通信时,在直接、中继以及协作通信方式中,自适应选择路径策略;在路由建立过程中,引入基于博弈论的路由选择算法和路由转发算法,通过两两博弈找出最可靠的下一跳节点,自组织地建立可靠有效的路由路径.仿真实验表明,所提出的路由算法能有效减少通信能耗,延长网络生命周期.     

基于演化博弈的无线传感器网络节能分簇路由算法

考虑到无线传感器网络中节点在冲突环境下决策时具有有限理性,近年来学者引入博弈论解决传感网分簇路由中自私节点的簇头选举问题。以往经典博弈分簇路由算法要求知道所有参与者行动的完全信息,并假设节点完全理性,这对于资源有限的传感器节点不切实际。本文提出了一种基于演化博弈论的无线传感器网络节能分簇路由算法(EECEG),通过演化博弈复制动态方程证明存在演化稳定策略(ESS)。算法将所有节点模拟为自私的博弈参与者,参与者可决策宣称自己成为簇头候选者(D)或不成为候选者(ND)。所有参与者根据自身剩余能量、邻居节点个数等因素自私决策,通过观察和模仿对手进行演化,直到收益均衡。实验结果表明,EECEG协议可有效延长网络生命周期,均衡节点间能耗,同时使数据传输更高效。     

基于地理位置的Ad Hoc路由协议

Ad Hoc网络中基于地理位置信息的路由面临一个贪婪转发策略失败的本地最小问题,提出了一种基于地理位置信息的Ad hoc路由协议GAR。在GAR协议中,根据节点拓扑变化,划分路由范围,进一步缩小了路由范围,提出了利用斜率转发策略克服了路由算法解决本地最小问题所带来的复杂性。在GAR协议的基础上进一步改进,提出了GALMR协议,该协议通过标记节点发现过程,减少路由跳数,提高算法的执行效率。理论分析和实验结果显示GALMR算法具有较高的数据分组抵达率和较低的平均端到端延迟。     

大规模无线传感网络的混合LEACH协议研究

能耗问题已经成为大规模无线传感器网络中的研究热点,因此如何设计高能效的路由协议是当前面临的技术挑战。为了降低传感器节点的能耗,提出一种适用大规模网络的基于LEACH算法的混合无线传感网络节能路由算法。首先,根据距离信息,设计一种簇成员向基站直接传输或者通过簇头转发数据的路由协议。然后,推导出满足该算法的能耗条件。最后,通过MATLAB工具仿真表明与已有的LEACH协议和M-LEACH协议相比,混合路由协议能够有效降低基站周围节点的能耗,从而延长整个网路的生存期。     

雾计算中跨层感知分簇路由协议

传统的以数据为中心的路由协议,往往会导致传感网中出现在大量的“能量空洞”或“热点”现象。为了克服上述现象,借助雾计算理论模型,提出了一种基于雾计算跨层感知分簇路由协议（A Cross-layer-sensing Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Fog Computing,CCRP）。该协议通过跨层映射原理,利用感知事件驱动机制将雾节点映射到传感层,构成功能强大的虚拟控制节点,将传感网分簇路由协议的控制过程上传至雾层,通过雾计算实现事件域节点分布式成簇路由汇聚中心,从而建立以映射雾节点为中心的优化数据聚合路由,取代传感网底层路由中的数据,进一步平衡并减少网络负载。在路由协议优化阶段,利用粒子群优化算法（Particle Swarm Optimizations,PSO）采用无竞争开销方式选举一组最佳节点担任簇首,能有效地均衡全网能量的开销,抑制传感器节点能量的快速消耗,延长了网络生存周期。仿真实验表明,CCRP协议能够有效抑制网络开销的同时还可以高效完成对数据的优化过程。     

基于地理信息的WSN的路由协议的比较研究

作为无线传感网路由协议中的重要的一个分支,基于地理位置信息的路由协议在能量有效性、分布式控制、可扩展性等方面具有突出的优势。为了更好的对基于地理位置信息路由协议的研究,本文对GEAR、GRID和GEM三个具有代表性的地理位置信息路由协议进行了详细的介绍。最后,总结了三种基于地理位置信息的路由协议在应用方面的优缺点,并提出了值得参考的研究发展方向。     

超宽带传感网的节能路由协议研究

未来的无线传感网将由大量密集部署的传感节点组成,这些节点采用电池供电从而能量有限而且补充能量很困难,因此需要研究能量高效的路由协议。利用超宽带(ultrawideband:UWB)精确的定位性能,可以获得传感网中各个节点的位置信息。论文提出了一种新的基于位置的节能超宽带无线传感网路由协议。该协议在从汇聚节点到事件区域的引入节点间不仅使用最小耗能路径而且也经常使用一些次优路径。仿真实验表明论文所提出的协议比GEAR具有更好的节能性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.