马铃薯淀粉基烷基糖苷的合成

以马铃薯淀粉、乙二醇、十二醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸和助剂P为复合催化剂,采用转糖苷化反应合成烷基糖苷表面活性剂,探讨了各主要影响因素对合成反应过程及结果的影响。通过正交实验法优选出最佳工艺条件：糖苷化温度115℃;n(经折合的淀粉中葡萄糖单元): n(乙二醇): n(十二醇) : n(催化剂)=1∶5∶3∶0.01。在此条件下总糖苷收率为122.53%。     

转糖苷化法合成烷基糖苷工艺研究

采用转糖苷化法合成烷基糖苷,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度等因素对产率的影响,得到了最佳反应条件:m(催化剂)∶m(丁醇)=0.011∶1;n(正丁醇)∶n(高碳醇)=1∶1;n(丁醇)∶n(葡萄糖)=3∶1。经过H2O2脱色,反应温度为110℃~115℃,反应时间为4 h,葡萄糖的转化率达到98%。实验结果表明:影响产率的主要因素为催化剂和葡萄糖的配料比。     

一步法合成绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷

采用一步法合成烷基糖苷,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度等因素对产率的影响。确定的最佳反应条件为:n(十二醇)∶n(葡萄糖)=5∶1,m(催化剂)∶m(葡萄糖)=0.008∶1,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为4h,反应压力为4kPa。采用HPLC和IR对产品结构进行了分析和表征。     

固体超强酸催化的十二烷基糖苷的合成及性能研究

本文采用自制催化剂固体杂多酸TiO2/SO42-通过醇交换法催化合成十二烷基糖苷,讨论了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应温度、对产品得率、反应时间和多糖含量的影响,确定较为适宜的操作工艺条件为:m(催化剂)∶m(葡萄糖)=0.015∶1,n(葡萄糖)∶n(丁醇)∶n(十二醇)=1:6:1,反应温度110～120℃,并对其结构和性能进行了分析和表征。     

固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2催化合成丁基糖苷

以氧氯化锆和过硫酸铵为原料,制备S2O82-/ZrO2催化剂,并在其催化作用下,对葡萄糖和正丁醇发生糖苷反应合成丁基糖苷的体系进行了研究。考察了反应温度、催化剂/葡萄糖质量比、反应时间、糖醇摩尔比等反应条件对葡萄糖转化率的影响。结果表明,催化剂的最佳制备条件为:(NH4)2S2O8浓度为0.5 mol/L,焙烧温度为600℃,焙烧时间4 h;合成丁基糖苷的最佳反应条件为:葡萄糖20 g,m(催化剂)∶m(葡萄糖)=5∶100,n(葡萄糖)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶6,110℃回流反应4 h,在此条件下,葡萄糖的转化率可达90.4%。     

红薯淀粉烷基多糖苷生产工艺研究

烷基多糖苷是新一代环境友好绿色表面活性剂,国外20世纪90年代才实现工业化生产。本文以红薯淀粉、乙二醇、十二醇为原料,以三元酸为催化剂,采用转糖苷法,在中试条件下成功合成烷基多糖苷。其较佳工艺条件为:m(红薯淀粉)∶m(乙二醇)∶m(十二醇)=1∶4∶1,高真空间歇反应(0.074 MPa),反应温度100~120℃。所得烷基多糖苷产品20℃时其表面张力为28.8~33.3 Nm/m,CMC=1.2×10-3mol/L,HLB值为18。红外、气质联用测定证明其确实为烷基多糖苷产品。该文报道工作的新颖性,已为中国科学院兰州查新咨询中心2006年1月9日出具的第200610906号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

烷基糖苷的转糖苷合成法研究

采用转糖苷合成了十二烷基葡糖苷。通过正交实验,对原料配比、催化剂用量和醇交换反应温度等因素对产率的影响进行了考查。得到最佳反应条件为 ｎ（糖）∶ｎ（正丁醇）∶ｎ（正十二醇）∶ｎ（催化剂）＝ １∶６∶８∶０００６,反应温度 １１０℃,影响产率的主要因素为正丁醇配料比和催化剂用量     

聚乙二醇淀粉糖苷的合成及其保湿性

以马铃薯淀粉和聚乙二醇为原料,采用转糖苷化法合成聚乙二醇淀粉糖苷,以糖苷产率为指标,通过正交实验探讨最佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度118℃,反应时间4.5 h,m(淀粉)∶m(对甲苯磺酸)∶m(乙二醇)∶m(聚乙二醇800)=1∶0.025∶4∶2,糖苷产率达154.58%;对产品进行FTIR、GC-MS结构表征和保湿性能分析。结果表明,该产品属糖苷类物质且具有良好的保湿性能。     

探讨烷基糖苷在农药草甘膦中的应用研究

以红薯淀粉、正丁醇、十二醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸和柠檬酸为复合催化剂,采用转糖苷化法反应合成烷基糖苷(APG)表面活性剂,并将制得的烷基糖苷表面活性剂按一定的比例添加到农药草甘膦中.实验结果表明:APG可作为一种农药增效剂,具有易降解、不污染农作物和土地.吸收快的特点,适宜作农药乳化剂,可调节土壤温度,对除草剂、杀虫剂和杀...     

复合催化剂一步法合成烷基糖苷及性能研究

采用自制复合催化剂一步法合成了十二烷基葡萄糖苷。探讨了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应温度和压力对产品得率、质量及反应时间的影响及优化组合,得出最佳工艺条件为:m(催化剂)∶m(葡萄糖)=(0 008～0 009)∶1,n(月桂醇)∶n(葡萄糖)=4 5∶1,反应温度120℃,反应压力4 5～5 5kPa,并对产品进行了结构表征和性能测定。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997