共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
伴随工业化和城市化进程,以孟买为代表的印度城市,因人口集聚、生活成本高和贫富分化严重等原因而形成的城市贫民窟不断增加的居住贫困问题,严重影响了城市发展和现代化进程。印度政府在居住贫困问题的应对措施,以及孟买在解决贫民窟问题上的经验教训,对中国城市在快速发展时期保障性住房建设及城中村治理具有一定的启发和借鉴意义。 相似文献
2.
Michael E. Stone 《Housing Studies》2006,21(4):453-476
Since 1990 there has been extensive exploration of the meaning of housing affordability by members of the academic, professional and advocacy communities in Britain. These debates have revealed weaknesses in the traditional ratio standard of affordability and led to arguments in support of an alternative, residual income concept of affordability. However, so far there has been only limited success in operationalising and applying the residual income approach in the UK. In the US, by contrast, arguments in support of a residual income approach to housing affordability emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s, culminating in the formulation of operational standards utilising normative family budgets. This paper draws upon the US experience to formulate a residual income housing affordability standard for the UK that utilises the non-shelter components of the Family Budget Unit (FBU) ‘Low Cost but Acceptable’ budgets as the normative standard for minimum adequate residual income. The paper concludes by suggesting how use of such a ‘shelter’ poverty standard to assess housing affordability problems and needs in the UK might yield results that differ from those based on the ratio standard. 相似文献
3.
中国城市住房改革:回顾与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章回顾中国城市住房改革在过去20年的发展历程,特别是国务院1998年23号文件发布后整个住房体制从以往的福利住房向住房市场转化的过程。通过重点讨论新住房体制的两个主要方面.住房金融与住房市场,本文试图揭示当前住房体制的不足之处,并为政府决策者提出进一步住房改革的政策建议。 相似文献
4.
城市的非正规性因其独特的城市文化和城市实践而被认为是第三世界发展中国家的一个重要特征。对于正处在过渡和转型期的中国而言,非正规性就业状况、社会组织、经济行业、行为规则及社会活动等也大量存在,它们都将在空间留下投影,构成多层次、复杂的城市空间的非正规性现象。但是,由于目前社会对此类环境的理解极其片面,将它看作是脏、乱、差的同义词而常以单一的大拆大建方式进行改造,适合国情的理论武器和实践对策还是个空白点,现实呼唤新的思维。事实上,城市的非正规性具有丰富的意义,它代表着一种高效率、可持续的城市环境特征,并以非正规住房为主要物质形式存在于大量的第三世界国家中。有鉴于此,本文综述了第三世界城市非正规性研究的缘起与发展,以及非正规住房实践和相关的政策演变,并阐释其对我国城市规划研究的启示性意义。 相似文献
5.
住房制度改革与城市规划对策探析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
作者分析住房制度改革对城市规划可能产生的一系列影响, 从居住区布局、居住规划设计的理论和方法以及规划法规等方面探讨了城市规划的对策。 相似文献
6.
基于社会学、地理学和城市规划视角,本文对美国的城市贫困人口聚居研究进行初步总结,从贫困人口聚居的原因、贫困人口聚居的社会影响以及贫困人口聚居现象的测度方法三个方面介绍了一些主要研究成果,希望能为正在面临类似问题的我国城市研究和城市规划提供借鉴。 相似文献
7.
8.
The recent house price cycle has highlighted concerns about housing affordability. But is the recent deterioration in housing affordability a short-term problem, or is it a continuation of long-term trends? We take advantage of customised data tables from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census of Population and Housing to address this question. We focus on the state of Victoria, Australia, by comparing housing affordability and tenure share trends from 1981 to 2001, a period which encompasses two house price booms. Specifically, we look at households by income quintiles and age group in Victoria. We find that housing affordability has deteriorated, particularly for those in the lowest two income quintiles. Most importantly, deterioration is not restricted to one inter-census period. It is a trend that is evident through most inter-census periods from 1981 to 2001. Furthermore, we find that among younger households, those under 35 years of age, the share of home purchasers and outright owners is in long-run decline. The long-run trends in housing affordability pose a serious threat to the homeownership aspirations of younger Victorians. 相似文献
9.
Hugo Priemus 《Housing Studies》2001,16(3):277-289
The central issues of this paper can be summarised in two questions. To what extent does the Dutch rent subsidy programme keep rented housing affordable for low-income groups? What kind of government policy could ensure, to a reasonable extent, that low-income groups in the Netherlands have access to affordable housing, even when the economy is not functioning optimally? The paper reviews how the net housing expenses have developed in the Netherlands since the 1970s. It then discusses the Dutch Rent Subsidy Act of 1997 and looks at the impact of this scheme on the net rent ratio for households with low incomes. The fiscal arrangements for home owners are dealt with. The data are drawn from the Housing Demand Survey (WBO), the Social and Cultural Planning Bureau and the Ministries of Housing and Finance. The paper concludes that the introduction of a tenure-neutral public policy could make a robust contribution to the fight against poverty. 相似文献
10.
近来,诸多海外学者对中国的城市贫困问题日益关注。基于一系列全国范围内的大型城市家庭户调查数据,学者们对城市贫困的发生率、分布和区域差异进行了详尽研究。研究表明,社会底层的人口很少从市场经济改革中获益。反之,福利制度的改革和社会服务的商品化使得这些人口承受更高的经济压力,因而更容易陷入贫困危机。目前,下岗失业人员和进城农民工已成为中国城市新贫困的两个主要群体。同时,中国城市出现了三种类型的贫困邻里:老城区衰败邻里、衰落的单位大院、城中村。一些国外学者基于小型的社会调查和个案研究分别对这些贫困群体和贫困邻里进行了具体研究,对深入了解和探讨中国城市贫困的现状、成因、后果及对策作出了重要贡献。本文将对这些研究按照不同的主题进行评述,具体包括家庭户调查和贫困研究、下岗失业人员贫困研究、农民工贫困研究、贫困人口住房研究、制度变迁与贫困成因探讨等。最后,本文对这些研究进行总结,并探讨其未来的主要研究方向。 相似文献
11.
Jürgen Friedrichs 《Housing Studies》2002,17(1):101-104
The US literature has produced more studies and thus more data on urban poverty areas. With respect to theory, the volume edited by Lynn & McGeary (1990) and the work of Wilson (1987) has been of great influence. The latter has been the basis of much work in Europe, such as the studies by Wacquant (1993) and Friedrichs (1998a). This paper will briefly review the similarities and differences between the US and the European findings. 相似文献
12.
Joe Doherty 《Cities》1985,2(2):149-164
This article surveys housing problems in Freetown and argues that the perpetuation of housing problems in Freetown and the failure to implement housing policies cannot be attributed merely to bureaucratic inadequacies and resource limitations. They can only be fully understood by reference to the way the main agents of housing provision, the private market and the state, operate in the specific social and economic conditions of underdeveloped capitalism. 相似文献
13.
With 84 per cent of the Singapore resident population housed in public housing, the ultimate dream for many is to move into private housing, which is generally considered to offer better quality and more exclusive living. This article is concerned with the enabling factors of affordability in housing mobility. It examines the Singapore public housing homeowners' affordability of private housing, suggesting a measure of that affordability. The survey findings indicate that only a small percentage of public homeowners can afford to move to median-priced private apartments. The number is even smaller for the relatively more expensive landed housing with own garden. On a theoretical level, the study demonstrates that the use of multiple methods to measure housing affordability is beneficial as more affordability determinants are included in the measurement. 相似文献
14.
Mega-events as a Response to Poverty Reduction: The 2010 FIFA World Cup and its Urban Development Implications 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper reflects on the trajectory that urban development associated with the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA) World Cup has taken in South Africa. The argument suggests that a unique moment has been lost regarding
the ability of the World Cup to serve as a catalyst for urban development. This notion is supported by a digest of the international
literature which takes a cautious stance in its assessment of the benefits of mega-events. Hence, this paper posits that it
is unlikely that poverty alleviation, as a result of fast-tracking South Africa’s urban development impetus, will constitute
a significant outcome of the World Cup. Rather, development benefits in cities are likely to be fairly circumscribed. Legacy,
the paper argues, should therefore advance beyond an exclusively pro-poor language. In this regard, vigorous public debate
is required to arrive at a national consensus of what kind of legacy the 2010 FIFA World Cup is realistically able to achieve.
About the Authors Udesh Pillay is an Executive Director at the Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa. Orli Bass is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa. 相似文献
Orli BassEmail: |
About the Authors Udesh Pillay is an Executive Director at the Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa. Orli Bass is a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa. 相似文献
15.
Peer Smets 《Housing Studies》1999,14(6):821-838
This paper demonstrates how formal housing finance is the product of the perceptions that prevail among the middle and upper classes, who as policy-makers, economists and managers, determine how housing finance institutions fix the terms and conditions of housing loans for the urban poor. They use affordability criteria that fit the purchase or construction of a house in one go. However, affordability criteria for the urban poor have to be linked with practices of incremental building and consequently incremental financing. Failing to do so leads to serious mismatches between the demand and supply of formal housing finance for the urban poor. To be able to serve the poor adequately, the middle and upper classes should stop aiming at the financing of housing constructed in one go. Instead, they should open their minds to the building and financing practices of the urban poor. 相似文献
16.
公共住宅从本质上来说不是一个单纯的建筑问题,它是一个国家或社会为保障低收入家庭的最基本的居住条件而建立的一套社会福利制度。香港的公屋制度缘起于20世纪50年代初人口急剧增长、城市住房极度短缺以及社会贫穷问题日益激化的大环境。这些极端的条件激发建筑师的创造力,产生不平凡的设计。文章以香港早期的公屋发展为考察对象,以经济适用原则为基本线索,梳理香港公屋在场地策略、居住单元以及交通流线三个方面的设计特点。 相似文献
17.
This study examines the particular role, services and functions of property agents in the housing markets in mainland China. Since the implementation of housing market reforms, cities on the Chinese mainland have transferred from a centrally-directed, welfare-oriented housing system to a more decentralized, market-based one. Commodification of housing has expanded the opportunity of new market intermediaries to service the growing urban housing markets. Yet there appears to be little research on these agents, which bear similarity in name, but not exactly in operation, to those in a market society. Based upon insights from new institutional economics, this study examines how the existing institutions in China have constrained and facilitated their services in the housing transaction process. This micro-analytical study provides a different means towards understanding the market transformation of a socialist housing system. 相似文献
18.
发展中的角色转换--上海居住板块变迁及其对城市空间形态演化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
居住板块的变迁作为城市居住空间发展的主要表现之一,对城市整体空间形态的演化起到了举足轻重的作用。而上海居住板块的变迁既显示出上海与其它城市共有的特点,而更突出的却是它的个性表现。文中主要回顾了1990年代以来上海居住板块变迁的主要历程及其在城市空间形态演化中的角色转换,并简要分析了促成这一发展和转换过程的动力所在。从中我们可以清楚地看到居住在当前城市发展中扮演着越呆越重要的角色。 相似文献
19.
Medium Density Housing (MDH) is a relatively new form of housing in New Zealand where the standalone house on a separate lot has traditionally been revered. This paper reports on the findings of a research project on Ambrico Place, a major MDH initiative in Waitakere City, one of four cities in the Auckland metropolitan area. This case study explores the development of a site that has been significantly influenced by new urbanist principles. The paper provides an overview of the historical and political context influencing the take up of MDH in Auckland. It briefly reviews theory and principles arising from new urbanist movements then describes the Ambrico Place Research Project. Next, it explores three interrelated issues, relevant to new urbanism, that arose from the research; the quality of the built environment, community and social interaction, and transport patterns of MDH residents. Implications for planning are identified. Finally, three problems are noted: the uncritical and incoherent implementation of new urbanist principles; the contradiction between the drives for both diversity and homogeneity in the built environment; and the tensions arising from the application of an environmental effects-based approach to planning in an urban setting. 相似文献
20.
城镇低收入群体很难依靠自身收入改善居住条件,而我国经济结构的现状又决定了这一群体将长期存在.为此,应采取调整住房供应结构、开放和完善租售多元市场、加强配套政策的调控作用等政策措施,并加快户籍制度改革,进一步加强住房金融保障,逐步解决城镇低收入群体的居住问题. 相似文献