188Re-DTPA-DG的制备及其在荷瘤裸鼠体内的分布

制备了188Re-DTPA-DG,并观察了其在荷MCF-7乳腺癌裸鼠体内的分布。188Re-DTPA-DG制备时采用正交实验设计,结果表明,10mgDTPA-DG、100μL0.5mol/L葡萄糖酸钠溶液、100~200μL370MBq/mL新鲜淋洗的高铼酸盐、400μLpH5.0磷酸缓冲溶液、4mgSnCl2·2H2O,37℃恒温箱中反应3h为最佳标记条件。在此条件下,放化纯度为95%。标记物体外稳定性较好,室温放置6h,其放化纯度仍>92%。188Re-DTPA-DG在荷瘤裸鼠体内的分布结果显示,其在肿瘤中的摄取较高,静脉注射188Re-DTPA-DG后12h,肿瘤与周围肌肉的摄取比值(T/NT)高达12.76,显示出良好的肿瘤靶向性。     

β-榄香烯三羰基铼衍生物的放射化学合成

本文报道了β-榄香烯三羰基铼衍生物的合成及其同位素188Re标记.标记配体由β-榄香烯与双功能螯合剂二(2-吡啶甲基)-胺反应制得.标记产物直接由配体与fac-[188Re(CO)3(H2O)3] 制得,并经反向HPLC分离纯化.结果显示,标记配体收率为64%,标记产物放化产率40%,经HPLC分离后放化纯度达到95%以上.表明该法简单易行,其标记化合物有可能发展成为一种新的放射性药物.     

188Re标记抗人前列腺癌单克隆抗体及其在荷瘤裸鼠体内的放射性分布

为探讨188Re标记抗前列腺癌单克隆抗体7E11C5.3的方法及其生物学分布,采用2-巯基乙醇直接还原法制备188Re-7E11C5.3标记物,常规测定标记率和免疫活性,在荷瘤裸鼠体内检测标记物的生物学分布.结果显示,188Re-7E11C5.3的标记率为(93.16±2.18)%,免疫活性分数为(74.86±1.86)%;经尾静脉注入裸鼠体内后,肿瘤组织摄取率在24h达高峰,非肿瘤组织在4h摄取率较高,以后均随时间延长逐步降低;血液放射性清除迅速;24h时T/NT值达最大,至72h仍可保持在较高水平.结果表明,188Re-7E11C5.3在裸鼠体内对前列腺癌移植瘤有良好的靶向定位作用,可用于前列腺癌放射免疫显像和治疗研究.     

188Re标记锡硫混悬液对荷人结肠癌裸鼠模型的治疗研究

以荷人结肠癌裸鼠为动物模型,研究了188Re标记的锡硫混悬液对荷人结肠癌的治疗效果、在裸鼠体内的稳定性及经瘤内注射后的体内器官分布,并用电镜观察了治疗后肿瘤的组织学变化.结果表明,188Re标记的锡硫混悬液有较好的抑瘤率,且在瘤内能长时间稳定存在.经188Re标记的锡硫混悬液治疗后,肿瘤细胞多为变性坏死.     

~(188)Re-7E11C5.3在前列腺癌裸鼠模型中的放射免疫治疗研究

为探讨188Re标记前列腺特异膜抗原单克隆抗体7E11C5.3放射免疫治疗前列腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的效果,将32只荷LNCaP移植瘤裸鼠随机分成4组:188Re-7E11C5.3组、188Re-mIgG组、188ReO4-组和对照组,采用5.55 MBq单剂量尾静脉注射给药,连续4周观察裸鼠体重和肿瘤体积变化.实验结束后,检测裸鼠血清PSA水平,测定移植瘤重量,计算抑瘤率.结果显示,188Re-7E11C5.3组的瘤体重量和动物血清PSA水平均小予对照组(P＜0.01),抑瘤率为60.7%.188Re-mIgG组和188ReO4-组的瘤体重量和裸鼠血清PSA水平与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果表明,188Re-7E11C5.3能有效抑制前列腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长,具有较好的抗前列腺癌应用前景.     

~(188)Re-AEDP的标记条件研究

用18 8 W / 188Re发生器淋洗得到的188Re研制具有潜在临床应用价值的骨疼痛治疗剂188Re -AEDP。研究了在不同配体用量、亚锡含量和 pH条件下 ,载体用量对标记率和稳定性的影响。实验结果表明 :在最佳条件 (pH1.10 ,AEDP 2 0mg/mL ,氯化亚锡 2mg/mL ,抗坏血酸 3mg/mL)下 ,用无载体188Re标记的188Re -AEDP的标记率为 90 %— 93% ;标记后调 pH为 6 ,2 4h后放化纯度为70 % ;而用含一定量载体的188Re标记的标记率为 95%— 98% ,标记 2 4h后放化纯度为 93%。     

脑胶质瘤U87-EGFRvIII细胞反义寡核苷酸的~(188)Re标记实验研究

研究放射性核素铼(188Re)标记脑胶质瘤U87-EGFRvIII(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III)细胞反义寡核苷酸序列的制备方法,探讨其作为脑胶质瘤反义显像剂的可能性。采用细胞指数富集的配基系统进化技术(Cell-based Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment,Cell-SELEX)筛选脑胶质瘤U87-EGFRvIII细胞,得到一段高亲和力的反义寡核苷酸序列U2,然后采用直接标记法进行188Re的放射性标记,按照正交实验设计进行188Re最佳标记条件的摸索,纸层析法测定标记率,通过体外稳定性实验评价188Re-U2的放化特性,测定标记物静脉注射后在大耳兔不同时相血液放射性清除曲线,应用SPECT显像观察标记物在兔体内的放射性动态分布变化。结果表明:在最佳标记条件下188Re-U2的标记率为70%±14%;经Sep-PaK C18反相柱分离纯化后,188Re-U2在生理盐水和血清中37 oC下放置24 h的放化纯度分别为70.6%和95.55%;188Re-U2在兔体内的血放射性清除迅速,主要通过肾脏排泄,其余脏器内放射性均较低。188Re直接法标记U87-EGFRvIII细胞反义寡核苷酸U2的方法简单,具有良好的标记率和体内外稳定性,并且体内分布动力学特性也比较理想。     

铼[188Re]标记人血清白蛋白的新方法研究

以含吡啶环的化合物[二(2-吡啶甲基)-氨基-乙酸(H2L)为双功能螯合剂,使用fac-[188Re(CO)3(H2O)3] 间接标记人血清白蛋白(IgG),为fac-[188Re(CO)3(H2O)3] 标记蛋白或单抗寻找新方法.fac-[188Re(CO)3(H2O)3] 标记条件研究表明,以活泼酯188Re(CO)3-L2H-TFPTFP,2,3,5,6-四氟酚)间接标记lgG时,标记率大于82%.在生理盐水和小牛血清中,48 h后产物的放化纯度均大于90%;以fac-[188Re(CO)3(H2O)3] 直接标记IgG作对比,标记率仅60%.在生理盐水和小牛血清中,48 h后产物的放化纯度＜60%.总的说来,使用fac-[188Re(CO)3(H2O)3] 间接标记生物分子时,具有对称结构的含吡啶环的化合物H2L是潜在的双功能螫合剂.     

188Re标记锡硫混悬液对荷人结肠癌裸鼠模型的治疗研究

以荷人结肠癌裸鼠为动物模型．研究了^188Re标记的锡硫混悬液对荷人结肠癌的治疗效果、在裸鼠体内的稳定性及经瘤内注射后的体内器官分布．并用电镜观察了治疗后肿瘤的组织学变化。结果表明，^188Re标记的锡硫混悬液有较好的抑瘤率，且在瘤内能长时间稳定存在。经^188Re标记的锡硫混悬液治疗后，肿瘤细胞多为变性坏死。     

铼[188Re]羰基化合物标记新双功能螯合剂的研究

合成了三种新的三齿配体L1NH2、L2H和L3NH2,用于设计合成新的以fac-[188Re(CO)3] 为核心的放射性药物.标记条件实验证明,三种配体在低浓度(10-5 mol/L)的条件下,反应时间为60min内,配体标记率可达88%以上,放射化学纯度大于90%.同时合成了冷羰基铼配合物fac-[Re(CO)3L1NH2] 、fac-[Re(CO)3L2H]和fac-[Re(CO)3L3NH2]作为参照标准品.稳定性实验也说明三种标记物均具有很高的体外稳定性,标记后24 h内基本不发生分解;组氨酸和半胱氨酸体外竞争实验证实fac-[188Re(CO)3L1NH2] 和fac-[188Re(CO)3L2H]比fac-[188Re(CO)3L3NH2]稳定,不易被组氨酸和半胱氨酸取代,可能羧基上的-OH与fac-[188Re(CO)3] 的配位能力比吡啶环上的N稍低,也可说明三种配体均是较理想的标记fac-[188Re(CO)3(H2O)3] 的双功能螯合剂.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.