Testing new centrifugal trays with liquid recirculation

The results of hydraulic tests of new centrifugal trays with repeated recirculation of liquid in the centrifugal elements in the water–air system. Curves were obtained for calculating the amount of liquid circulating in the centrifugal elements and the pressure drop in dry and reflux trays.     

Calculation of straight-flow plates with liquid recirculation for rectification columns

Conclusions We obtained an expression which links plate efficiency, when the liquid is circulated in the contact devices, with the degree of approaching equilibrium, number of sections, and circulation ratio of the liquid. This equation also enables us to determine the number of rows of contact devices (sections) on the plate that are needed to obtain a given separating efficiency.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 44–46, February, 1970.     

新型板式填料旋转床压降性能研究

为了考察自主设计的新型板式旋转填料床压降特性,以空气-水为实验体系,考察了转速、液量、气量、径向板数和周向板数对新型板式填料床压降性能的影响。研究结果发现,气量是影响填料床压降的重要因素,转速和液量对压降的影响较小;板填料通过作用于流体流动方式影响了压降性能;新型板式填料床可实现较低压降,常规操作条件下小于300Pa;对实验数据回归得出压降的关联式,计算值与实验值平均误差小于15%。本文的研究结果为超重力填料床结构设计与改进提供一定依据。     

含水凝析气相态特征及非平衡压降过程产液特征

气态水的存在对凝析气藏相态特征的影响不容忽视,常规的相态测试过程无法模拟含水凝析气田开发过程中近井带的非平衡压降过程的实际产液特征。利用PVT筒开展了含气态水凝析油气体系相态特征实验,研究了气态水对凝析气相态特征的影响,并通过缩短凝析气体系定容衰竭过程的平衡时间,模拟含水凝析气田开发过程近井带的非平衡压降衰竭过程,对比分析了非平衡压降过程含水凝析气体系中凝析油、水的抽提蒸发效应。结果表明,气态水的存在引起了凝析油气体系中重质含量的增加,导致露点压力升高,反凝析提前,最大反凝析压力提高,反凝析液量增加。含水凝析油气体系在非平衡压降衰竭过程中,由于气液相体系未达平衡,导致液相滞后析出并随气相运动一起被采出,造成凝析油采出程度和产水量提高,且非平衡压降速度越大,凝析油采出程度越高。因此,凝析气田近井带的非平衡压降有利于凝析油的开采并缓解液锁的发生。     

气井涡流排液采气工具有效作用长度

针对目前对涡流工具适用条件和工具有效作用长度认识不清,现场应用与分析主要依据经验,进而影响使用效果等问题,运用Auto CAD和Fluent流体模拟软件,建立涡流工具气液两相流场模型,研究流体旋转强度的衰减规律,预测涡流工具有效作用长度,并分析井筒气液状况和工具结构参数对有效作用长度的影响。研究结果表明:流体旋转强度的衰减规律符合对数递减,以对数递减公式预测的涡流工具有效作用长度介于10~100 m;流体入口速度和井筒气液比是影响工具有效作用长度的主要因素,入口速度和气液比增大,有效作用长度增大;槽宽为60 mm时,工具有效作用长度较大,排液效果较好;减小槽深和工具与油管之间的间隙,流体速度增大,有效作用长度增大。研究结果可为现场涡流工具结构参数优选和排液效果的提高提供理论依据。     

Non-thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 in buffered peptone water using a pilot-plant scale supercritical carbon dioxide system with a gas–liquid porous metal contactor

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) system, with a gas–liquid porous metal contactor, for reducing Escherichia coli K12 in diluted buffered peptone water. 0.1% (w/v) buffered peptone water inoculated with E. coli K12 was processed using the SCCO₂ system at CO₂ concentrations of 3.1–9.5 wt%, outlet temperatures of 34, 38, and 42 °C, a system pressure of 7.6 MPa, and a flow rate of 1 L/min. Increased CO₂ concentrations and temperatures significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced microbial reduction. A maximum reduction of 5.8-log was obtained at 8.2% CO₂ and 42 °C. To achieve a 5-log reduction of E. coli K12 in 0.1% buffered peptone water, minimum CO₂ concentrations of 9.5%, 5.5%, and 5.3% were needed at 34, 38, and 42 °C, respectively. Further reductions of cells were observed after storage for 7 days at 4 °C. But storage at 25 °C increased the number of viable cells to 8-log cfu/mL after 7 days. This study showed the potential of the pilot scale SCCO₂ system with a gas–liquid porous metal contactor for microbial inactivation in liquid food.     

水平井筒射孔完井变质量流动压降规律

影响水平井产能和向井入流剖面的因素很多,水平井筒沿程压降是其中一个重要因素。结合水平井筒生产实际,在大庆多相流试验环道基础上,设计了壁面注入系统和变质量流动试验段,针对射孔水平井筒变质量流动规律进行了单相和两相变质量流动试验研究。结果表明,单相水平井筒沿程压降随注入比变化,并且存在临界注入比,当注入比超过临界注入比时,压降随着注入比增加显著。进一步的数值模拟研究揭示了其中的原因:当超过临界注入比后,射孔孔眼下游出现流动分离,混合压降开始起作用,从而引起压降的显著增加。油水两相变质量流动除了受注入比影响外,还受到含水率变化的影响,在高流量条件下,40%含水率时压降最高,流型为分散流型;低流量下,压降随含水率变化不大,流型为分层流型。该研究结果对完井设计有一定指导意义。     

Optimization of a convection dryer with recirculation of the drying agent

Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftyanoe Mashinostroenie, No. 12, pp. 6–8, December, 1994.     

各向异性储层地层测试椭球形流动压降解释模型

根据电缆地层测试的压降数据得到大体可靠的储层渗透率参数,为仪器进一步精确测试提供可靠的测试参数,提高测试参数解释精度.基于水平渗透率大于垂向渗透率的基本假设,分析了各向异性储层中地层测试的渗流形态,在此基础上,应用渗流力学理论和坐标变换方法,建立了用于各向异性地层的单探头电缆地层测试椭球形流动压降解释模型.该模型考虑了...     

Determination of phthalates in food simulants and liquid samples using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by solidification of floating organic drop

A simple, inexpensive, reliable and environmentally friendly method based on ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by solidification of floating organic drop and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector was developed for the simultaneous determination of five phthalates in food simulants and different food and water samples. Parameters affecting the extraction process were studied and optimized by univariate analysis and experimental design. Under optimum conditions, method showed good linearity in the selected range (R ² from 0.993 to 0.995). Limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.64 to 2.82 µg L⁻¹ and enrichment factors from 854 to 1893. Precision of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation, was checked at two levels obtaining good results (2.7–9.3%). Accuracy of the method was checked in food simulants also obtaining good results. The method allowed determination of phthalates in food simulants at lower concentrations than the migration limits established by the European Union. The developed method was also applied to real water, wine, vinegar and soft drink samples obtaining acceptable results.