BTA及其复配铜缓蚀剂的研究进展

综述了铜合金缓蚀剂BTA的研究进展和缓蚀机理,重点介绍了BTA复配缓蚀剂的研究情况及复配缓蚀剂的协同效应,如BTA与无机缓蚀剂、稀土盐缓蚀剂、有机缓蚀剂之间的复配应用及其缓释机理.BTA被用作铜及其合金的缓蚀剂具有较好的缓蚀效果,但有毒且用量大,绿色环保型复配缓蚀荆的研究和应用是铜合金缓蚀荆发展的必然趋势.     

铜及其合金缓蚀剂的研究进展

使用缓蚀剂是解决铜及其合金腐蚀问题的有效方法之一。本文综述了无机、有机、天然高分子等缓蚀剂及自组装技术在提高铜及其合金耐蚀性能方面的研究现状,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

海水缓蚀剂的研究现状与展望

概述了海水及模拟海水中无机、有机、复配、其他缓蚀剂的种类、作用及国内外研究现状,重点介绍了有机和复配缓蚀剂对碳钢和铜的缓蚀效果,展望了海水缓蚀剂的研究和发展方向.     

铜及其合金的新型水溶性缓蚀剂TACM

一、引言近十多年来,对铜及其合金的缓蚀剂研究较多,然而引人注目有实用价值的铜及其合金用水溶性缓蚀剂的品种为数甚少。资料表明某些有机杂环化合物(主要为唑类)是铜及其合金的有效缓蚀剂。但是,杂环化合物通常存在水溶性问题;比如,常用的铜合金缓蚀剂巯基苯骈噻唑(MBT)就难溶于水,在pH低于6的水溶液中几乎不溶,缓蚀效率随pH值降低而下降。因而,目前     

邻菲罗啉及其衍生物对盐酸中铜的缓蚀性能

邻菲罗啉(PHEN)及其衍生物可有效抑制金属及其合金在酸性介质中的腐蚀,但目前还未见其对铜材缓蚀的报道。采用失重法及扫描电镜(SEM)研究了PHEN及其衍生物2-苯基-1H-咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲罗啉(PIPH)这2种有机缓蚀剂在1 mol/L HCl溶液中对铜的缓蚀作用,并对其缓蚀机理进行探讨。结果表明:当缓蚀剂浓度为1.0 mmol/L、温度为30℃,吸附成膜时间4 h,2种缓蚀剂在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀效率均达最大值,PHEN和PIPH对铜的缓蚀效率可分别达到96.4%和99.7%;2种缓蚀剂在铜表面的吸附均符合Langmuir吸附模型,且均为化学吸附。     

2种四唑衍生物缓蚀剂在碱性介质中对铜的缓蚀性能和吸附行为

有机缓蚀剂能在金属表面发生吸附而降低金属的腐蚀速率,但目前对其在金属表面的吸附机理仍不十分清楚.合成了胍基四唑(GT)和1-(对甲基)苯基-5-巯基-1,2,3,4-四氮唑(MMT)2种缓蚀剂,用失重法和电化学法研究了2种缓蚀剂在5%NaHCO_3碱性介质中对铜的缓蚀性能和吸附行为.结果表明:MMT和GT属于阳极型缓蚀剂,对铜均有很好的缓蚀性能,且MMT的缓蚀效率大于GT;MMT和GT均在浓度为50 mg/L时缓蚀效率最大(90%以上);30～60℃时2种缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能随温度的升高而降低;2种缓蚀荆在铜表面的吸附都服从Langmuir吸附等温式,属于物理吸附.     

噻二唑型缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的研究

利用电化学测试和表面分析技术,研究了2,5-二巯基-1,3,4噻二唑(DMTD)在硫-乙醇溶液中对金属银、铜的缓蚀性能,结合量子化学计算和分子动力学模拟对DMTD在金属表面的吸附行为和缓蚀作用机理进行了分析讨论。结果表明,DMTD在50mg/L的硫-乙醇溶液中,对金属银、铜均起到较好的缓蚀作用。极化曲线结果表明,当缓蚀剂DMTD浓度达到50mg/L时,缓蚀效率可以达到92.3%。表面分析技术表明,缓蚀剂的加入在金属表面形成吸附膜,明显抑制了腐蚀速率。量化计算和分子动力学模拟得到了缓蚀剂分子的活性位点和缓蚀剂在金属表面的吸附形态。     

复合气相缓蚀剂对纯铜缓蚀的研究

铜应用广泛,但在湿度较高的腐蚀性介质中其易被腐蚀,采用苯骈三氮唑(BTA)和酚类W制成一种新型复合气相缓蚀剂,采用原子分光光度计和电化学测试方法、扫描电镜和激光拉曼显微镜研究了该复合气相缓蚀剂对纯铜的缓蚀性能及其缓蚀机理.结果表明,该复合气相缓蚀剂在铜表面形成的膜是一种自组装缓蚀膜,具有很好的防蚀和拒水性能.     

盐酸介质中咪唑离子液体对铜的缓蚀作用

以1-甲基咪唑、1,4-丁烷磺内酯和浓硫酸为原料,用乙醚洗涤合成了1-甲基-3-(4-硫酸基丁基)咪唑硫酸盐(4-BMIM)缓蚀剂。采用动电位极化和交流阻抗技术研究了4-BMIM在5%HCl溶液中对铜的缓蚀性能及作用机理。实验结果表明:缓蚀效率随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加先增大后降低,当浓度为0.03mol/L时,缓蚀效率最高;同一浓度下,随着温度的升高缓蚀效率降低。动电位极化表明咪唑离子的加入对铜的阴、阳极腐蚀过程均有抑制作用,是混合型缓蚀剂。热力学计算结果表明咪唑离子液体吸附在铜表面,其吸附机制为自发进行的物理吸附,并且在铜/溶液界面的吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温式。     

缓蚀剂在钢铁金属覆盖层退除中的效应

研究了有机及无机缓蚀剂在钢铁表面金属镀覆层退除过程中的作用机理。     

溴化锂制冷机中铜及其合金缓蚀剂的应用与发展

溴化锂吸收式制冷机中使用的LiOH、Li2 MoO4、Li2 CrO4、LiNO3 和C6H4N3 H及复杂的过渡金属聚合物等缓蚀剂对铜及其合金的缓蚀效果及机理进行了扼要综述 ,并对其发展动态和应用前景进行了展望。     

Corrosion protection on copper by new polymeric agents — polyvinylimidazoles

Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FTIRRAS) is applied to the study of corrosion protection of copper by an organic coating. Poly-N-vinylimidazole (PVI(1)) and poly-4(5)-vinylimidazole (PVI(4)) are demonstrated to be effective new polymeric anticorrosion agents for copper at elevated temperatures. Oxidation of copper is suppressed even at 400° C. PVI(1) and PVI(4) are more effective anti-oxidants than the most commonly used corrosion inhibitors, benzotriazole and undecylimidazole, at elevated temperatures. These new polymeric agents are water soluble and easy to treat the metal surface with.     

Chemistry of the interaction between azole type corrosion inhibitor molecules and metal surfaces

By means of density functional theory calculations, it has been shown how typical organic corrosion inhibitors—molecules that have the ability to remarkably slow down the corrosion of metals and alloys—interact with bare surfaces of various types of metals. As representative model systems, benzimidazole and benzotriazole inhibitors on iron, copper, and aluminum surfaces are considered. It is found that bonding depends sensitively on the type of metal. On transition metals with open d-band the inhibitor molecules can chemisorb strongly either parallel to the surface with a pronounced π–d hybridization or perpendicularly with unsaturated N atom(s) through σ-molecular orbitals, whereas on transition metals with fully occupied d-band and on sp-metals the molecules weakly chemisorb only with the latter mode. In addition to neutral inhibitor molecules also inhibitors in deprotonated (anionic) and protonated (cationic) forms are considered, because many corrosion inhibitors possess acidic hydrogens as well as basic heteroatoms. It is shown that the chemisorptive bonding is far the strongest for deprotonated inhibitors and, moreover, that even protonated inhibitors may chemisorb, although such bonding is characteristic of more reactive metals. However adsorbed protonated inhibitors are likely to deprotonate on all considered metals, whereas further deprotonation from neutral to deprotonated form is more likely on more reactive metals.     

铜在甲胺-铁氰化钾化学机械抛光液中的腐蚀与钝化

用电化学测试技术研究了腐蚀介质和成膜剂浓度对铜表面的腐蚀与钝化成膜的影响,分析了钝化膜的成分,探讨了钝化膜在抛光压力和转速作用下的磨损与表面再钝化的行为,测量了铜在化学机械抛光过程中的极化曲线。结果表明铜在甲胺溶液介质铁氰化钾抛光液中易钝化,钝化膜的主要成分为Cu4[Fe(CN)6],有少量Cu20存在。钝化膜的磨损特性随成分浓度不同而不同。钝化膜的磨损难易程度与钝化膜的本身特性、抛光压力及转速有关。抛光过程中因钝化膜被磨损,腐蚀加快,腐蚀电流密度大幅增加。配方0．1％甲胺溶液 0．5％K3Fe(CN)6 5％Al2O3可行。     

海水介质中绿色缓蚀剂的研究进展

详述了国内外自20世纪80年代以来海水介质中绿色缓蚀剂的研究进展.指出今后对海水或近似海水介质中缓蚀剂的研究应探索从植物中提取、分离、加工新型缓蚀剂的有效成分,同时加强人工合成多功能基的低毒或无毒有机高分子型缓蚀剂和无机型缓蚀剂以及它们之间的复配研究,实现资源的优化利用.     

Influence of coating on short steel fiber reinforcements on corrosion behavior of aluminium base short steel fiber reinforced composites

Steel fiber reinforced aluminium composites are attractive materials of high specific strength but exhibit poor resistance against electrochemical corrosion. The study discusses the electrochemical corrosion behavior of uncoated, copper and nickel coated short steel fiber reinforced aluminium and Al–2Mg matrix composites in 1 (N) NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion between the steel fiber and aluminium governs the corrosion behavior of these composites. It has been observed that open circuit potential (OCP) is shifted to more negative side with copper coating on the fibers and to the more positive side on coating the fibers with nickel. Compared to the uncoated fiber higher corrosion current density indicates corrosion rate was observed for the copper coated fiber reinforced composites where as a lower current density was noted for the nickel coated fiber reinforced composites was observed. Addition of 2 wt% magnesium to aluminium alloy matrix increased the corrosion current density. The corrosion mechanism in these composites is dominated by galvanic cell formation that is evident from the dissolution of Al matrix near the peripheral region of steel fibers.     

Analysis of pitting corrosion failure of copper tubes in an apartment fire sprinkler system

Microscopical and structural analyses as well as visual inspection of copper tubes were used to investigate the cause of pitting corrosion failure of copper tubes in the wet pipe sprinkler system. Chemical analysis of the water in the copper tubing and XRF/XRD analysis of its sediments were also used to obtain hints on what was happening in the copper tubing during the progress of the pitting corrosion. It was found from the failed copper tube that a significant amount of pressurized air was present over the water in the copper tubing during operation and a series of corrosion pits were aligned adjacent to the water/air line. The waterline localized corrosion, a type of differential oxygen concentration cell corrosion, induced by pressurized air over the water in the copper tubing was identified as the cause of the pitting corrosion failure. A state of a very low oxygen concentration was maintained under the envelope of a dense layer of malachite, the corrosion byproduct, which was evidenced by the formation of Cu₂O crystalline particles inside the corrosion pit. CuO particles observed on the inside surface of the copper tube do not seem to help prevent local as well as general corrosion. Accelerated pitting corrosion of the copper tube in the wet fire sprinkler system was simulated using a differential aeration cell. Finally, measures for stopping or delaying the pitting corrosion of the copper tube in the wet sprinkler system are suggested.     

Failure analysis of a copper tube in a finned heat exchanger

This paper reports on the failure analysis of a finned heat exchanger which leaked in the pressure test during commissioning. The heat exchanger was composed of panels made of thin-walled copper tubes and aluminum fins, and the structure was typical of equipment used in the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning industry. The tube material was phosphorus deoxidized copper Cu–DHP. In the pressure test, one of the tubes was found to have three leakage points. The investigation showed that the failure was a consequence of ant-nest corrosion, as all the experimental findings, together with the copper grade and the tube dimensions, were typical of this corrosion mechanism. Corrosion had initiated from the outer surface of the tube. The paper presents the morphology of the failure using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. The presence of a contaminating organic substance on the outer tube surface and inside the corrosion crack was verified by SEM/EDS analyses. The corrosion mechanism and the relevant chemical reactions given in the literature are summarized, and the conditions in which the failure may occur are presented. Ant-nest corrosion is a special form of local corrosion, and associated most often with deoxidized copper tubes used in heat transfer applications as in this study.