水处理活性炭的电化学再生技术研究

选择椰壳水处理活性炭作为吸附剂吸附处理低浓度苯酚废水,在室温条件下,在静止的电化学电极上对吸附苯酚后的活性炭进行电化学再生,探讨了各个操作参数对活性炭的电化学再生效率的影响。实验结果表明,电化学再生活性炭的效率较好,基本没有二次污染。再生效率随着电解质（氯化钠）溶液浓度的增加而增加,但达到１％以后基本没有变化。同时,再生效率随着再生电流的增加而提高,随着再生时间的增加,再生效率亦随之提高,但到５ｈ以后,再生效率基本不随时间的变化而变化。     

活性炭的电化学再生技术研究

本文在测定了苯酚于椰壳活性炭上的吸附平衡和添加2％NaCl对吸附平衡的影响基础上,对用苯酚吸附饱和后的活性炭在一个搅拌槽电化学反应器中进行了再行试验研究。在室温条件下,通过改变再生电流的大小,在不同的时间间隔内,测定了反应器中溶液的残余酚深度与活性炭的再生效率随再生时间和再生电流大小的变化关系。     

电化学法再生颗粒活性炭的研究

研究了一种新的颗粒活性炭再生方法。研究了再生时溶液的pH值、盐类的投加量和作用时间对活性炭再生的影响;研讨了电化学再生活性炭对不同种类有机吸附物的作用。实验结果显示:电化学方法在颗粒活性炭的再生上是有效的,同时具有低能耗、低炭耗和设备简单等优点。     

吸附废水中苯胺的废菌渣活性炭电化学再生

以废菌渣（MR）为原料,经ZnCl2活化后制得废菌渣活性炭（MRAC）,采用电化学方法对吸附苯胺废水产生的饱和MRAC进行再生,考察电流、电解质NaCl浓度、电解时间和pH等因素对于再生效果的影响,并通过正交实验探究最佳的再生条件。结果表明,在pH为5、电流为300 mA、NaCl质量浓度为15 g/L、再生时间为1.5 h的条件下,MRAC再生率高达98.43%,且电化学再生的重复性较好,经6次循环后,再生效果稳定,再生率仍可达87.53%。对再生后和再生前吸附苯胺饱和的MRAC采用FT-IR、BET和SEM进行表征分析,结果表明,再生后的MRAC表面苯胺被脱附,羟基等官能团恢复,BET比表面积和孔容均增加,分别为再生前饱和MRAC的1.54倍和1.36倍,微孔孔径集中在0.4～0.5 nm之间,介孔孔径集中在4 nm处。电镜图像显示电化学再生过程对MRAC的表面结构没有明显损伤,且再生后的MRAC具有丰富的孔结构。     

电化学法再生颗粒活性炭的研究现状

阐述了电化学再生技术的再生机理,并重点介绍了电流密度、再生时间、电解质、电解质质量浓度、酸碱度和再生位置对GAC再生效率的影响,以及电化学法再生GAC的反应器.最后,讨论了电化学再生方法的发展趋势,指出了优化机理、开发其他基于电的技术、探讨电化学和其他工艺相结合的技术是电化学法再生颗粒活性炭的未来研究工作重点.     

电化学高级氧化技术再生活性炭研究进展

传统电化学技术再生吸附饱和活性炭具有再生效率高、活性炭无质量损失的优点,但其存在着矿化效率低、生成毒理性副产物、能耗高等缺陷。电化学高级氧化（E-AOP）再生技术能有效克服传统电化学再生存在的问题。简述了传统电化学再生活性炭再生效能及机理,分析了操作参数（电流、电解质种类及浓度、再生位置、阳极材料等）对解吸-吸附平衡和污染物矿化效能的影响。总结了3类E-AOP再生技术（电Fenton再生技术、电活化臭氧再生技术、电活化过硫酸盐再生技术）在活性炭再生过程中的作用机制与应用。电Fenton再生技术再生效果较优,通过新型方式再生可有效克服体系内金属离子污染的问题;电活化臭氧活性炭再生技术无需添加任何化学品及催化剂,有利于控制反应条件及实现再生过程自动化;电活化过硫酸盐再生活性炭技术操作便捷、能耗较低,具有广泛的适用性。最后,提出了E-AOP再生技术存在的问题及发展前景,以期为开发一种新型高效环保的活性炭再生技术提供理论依据。     

不同化学方法再生活性炭的对比研究

本文研究了苯酚水溶液在活性炭上的吸附平衡关系,溶液ＰＨ值对活性炭吸附性能的影响。     

活性炭材料电化学再生的研究进展

活性炭(AC)作为高效的吸附材料,被广泛应用于废水处理,因此活性炭的有效再生具有极为重要的工业与经济价值.电化学工艺相比其他传统再生方法具有再生效率高、能耗低、炭损失小、可原位再生等优点,是十分具有潜力的再生方法.主要综述了采用电化学方法再生活性炭材料的研究进展,介绍了电化学再生中解吸与降解的机理,并从反应器结构、电极...     

活性炭材料电化学再生的研究进展

活性炭(AC)作为高效的吸附材料,被广泛应用于废水处理,因此活性炭的有效再生具有极为重要的工业与经济价值。电化学工艺相比其他传统再生方法具有再生效率高、能耗低、炭损失小、可原位再生等优点,是十分具有潜力的再生方法。主要综述了采用电化学方法再生活性炭材料的研究进展,介绍了电化学再生中解吸与降解的机理,并从反应器结构、电极材料、电解质类型及操作参数的角度,分析了影响电化学再生的因素,指出了电化学与其他工艺联用的可行性与工业应用的局限性,最后总结了电化学再生技术应该从规模化、经济化、有效化的方向进行发展。     

活性炭的再生方法

介绍了几种废活性炭的再生方法,主要有电化学再生法、超声波再生法、催化湿式氧化再生法、微波辐射再生法、超临界流体再生法。对影响活性炭再生效率的因素进行对比探讨。     

THE INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN ON THE ADSORPTION OF METAL CYANIDES ON ACTIVATED CARBON

Activated carbon adsorbs insignificant quantities of oxygen from aerated water. This consumption is increased drastically during the adsorption of anionic metal cyanides. The equilibrium loadings of gold and silver cyanides increased with an increase in the level of dissolved oxygen. However, for both gold and silver cyanides an oxygen concentration occurred above which the metal loading showed no further increase. FTIR scans were used to confirm the presence of AuCN and Au( CN)₂ on the loaded carbons. It was suggested that gold and silver cyanides adsorb in two ways: ( 1) where oxygen is consumed for the oxidation of the active sites, and ( 2) where adsorption takes place without the use of oxygen. A multicomponent Freundlich-type isotherm proved to be adequate in predicting the equilibrium metal loadings for the competitive adsorption of gold and silver cyanides on activated carbon. The level of dissolved oxygen did not affect the competition between these two solutes significantly.     

DUSTY-GAS PARAMETERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON ABSORBENT PARTICLES

Industrial gas phase adsorption processes often operate in the transition region of transport and the currently employed effective pore diffusion models cannot describe accurately the mass fluxes in this transport regime. The dusty-gas model provides appropriate constitutive equations for the mass fluxes in the transition region of transport, and it is expected to replace in the future the models currently used to describe mass transfer in porous adsorbent particles. In order to use the dusty-gas model estimates of the viscous, Knudsen diffusion, and molecular diffusion permeability constants of the adsorbent must be known.

Gas flow and Wicke-Kallenback experiments were performed and from the experimental data and the dusty-gas expressions, the viscous, Knudsen diffusion, and molecular diffusion permeability constants of activated carbon adsorbent particles were, for the first time, calculated     

GOLD ADSORPTION ON ACTIVATED CARBON AND THE EFFECT OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND DISSOLVED SILICON DIOXIDE

The use of gold adsorption by activated carbon has recently become widespread on South African gold mines. This has caused a great deal of interest in the kinetics of gold adsorption onto activated carbon. However, almost all previous work has been done using clear solutions. In practice the gold adsorption occurs from a slurry containing fine ground rock particles and possibly a number of other metals in solution as well as organics which may poison the carbon. As the next step in the understanding of the gold adsorption process, this work assesses the impact of a fine solid suspension on the gold adsorption kinetics. This is found to significantly reduce the adsorption rate of gold cyanide (Au(CN)2¯) by G210 activated carbon in completely mixed batch adsorbers. The relative effects of solid particle size and mixing intensity on the adsorption rate are investigated. Batch adsorption rate experiments are performed with clear solutions, and with solutions containing 20% (m/m) fine suspended solid material, agitated at impeller speeds of 200 and 300 r.p.m. with an initial gold cyanide concentration of = 10 p.p.m. Equilibrium isotherms for gold cyanide, gold cyanide/glass particles and dissolved silicon on G210 activated carbon were determined. The batch adsorption kinetics of gold cyanide from clear solutions were successfully modelled using the Homogeneous Surface Diffusion Model of Crittenden & Weber (1978). The adsorption of gold cyanide from clear solutions was found to be characterized by intra-particle diffusion rate control, limited by a finite film mass transfer rate at low gold loadings. When fine suspended solids are present it is shown that blinding of the carbon macropores is the likely cause of the reduced adsorption rate. Although the solids used were artificial in the sense that these would not be present in this form in an industrial operation, it was felt that using solids from an operating mine would introduce complications in addition to the specific effects this paper addresses.     

苯酚在活性炭上的吸附与脱附研究

本文研究了苯酚水溶液在活性碳上的吸附平衡关系,溶液ｐＨ值对活性炭吸附性能的影响,苯酚在固定床上的吸附动力学和脱附动力学。同时采用间歇法和固定床连续法研究吸附苯酚后的活性炭碱再生工艺过程,多次再生对活性炭再生效率的影响,探讨了碱法再生活性炭的初步规律。     

活性炭的再生方法

介绍了几种废活性炭的再生方法,其中主要有电化学再生法、超临界萃取再生法、微波辐射再生法、并对影响活性炭再生效率的因素进行了研究探讨。     

ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS AND HEATS OF IMMERSION IN THE ADSORPTION OF BINARY MIXTURES ON ACTIVATED CARBON

The surface excess and the heat of immersion in the adsorption from binary mixtures on the active carbon surface were calculated in terms of the concentrations of adsorbed phase, the adsorption capacity ratios and the heats of immersion of pure compounds. The surface concentrations of binary mixtures were obtained from the thermodynamic model incorporating the intermolecular interactions between the surface and bulk molecules, and a model for surface activity coefficient considering the orientational states of adsorbed molecules, and the UNIQUAC equation. The calculated adsorption isotherms and heats of immersion were fair agreement with experiments of various binary isotherms.     

添加剂作用下配煤法制备活性炭的试验研究

以太西煤和大同煤为原料，在配煤的基础上，通过添加镁盐M与硝酸盐N制得了微孔与中孔均较发达的活性炭。试验结果表明，大同烟煤配比较高时，有利于在低烧失率下制备高碘值、高亚甲蓝值的活性炭；添加剂M和N促进了3～4nm的中孔发育。     

MECHANISMS OF ACTIVATED CARBON BIOREMOVAL

The removal of an organic azo dye-stuff particularly resistant to biodegradation was studied in an activated sludge pilot plant on the basis of the PACT process. Different runs were carried out by adding to the oxidation basin both adsorbent solids (granular activated carbon (GAC), and powdered activated carbon (PAC)) or practically non-adsorbent solid (semisilica fire brick crushed particles (SFB).) Biological removal of the dye-stuff was observed with GAC or PAC addition, whereas no removal was observed with the fire brick particles.

Comparison of the results obtained with either GAC or PAC with those from the SFB non-adsorbent solid showed carbon bioregeneration, existing only in the presence of adsorbent solids, to be probably the fundamental mechanism governing biological dye removal. The specific removal rate obtained with carbons, probably dependent on many physical and biological phenomena, was interpreted with saturation type equations typical of biological phenomena. The apparent adsorption capacities at the end of the runs with GAC and PAC were respectively 5 times and 17 times higher than those corresponding to the GAC and PAC physical adsorption isotherms.

Carbon physical adsorption capacity seemed to play a fundamental role: the dye biological removal rate obtained with PAC (whose physical adsorption capacity was about 2.5 times higher than that of GAC) turned out to be 3.5 times higher, on the average, than that determined with GAC.     

粒状活性炭厌氧生物再生研究

吸附有苯酚的定形粒状炭间歇厌氧再生试验结果表明，可以用厌氧再生方式部分恢复活性。当活性炭苯酚吸附量为６．２４ｍｇ／ｇ时，经７ｄ再生，粉值再生率为８１．６％；当活性炭苯酚吸附量为１３７ｍｇ／ｇ时，经１５５ｈ再生，酚值再生率为７４．５％，碘值再生率为５４．１％。     

磷酸-微波法活性炭的工艺研究

采用正交试验方法对影响活性炭性能的因素如活化剂、添加剂、微波功率及处理时间等进行了系统研究,得到磷酸－微波法制备活性炭的最佳工艺：将松木屑浸渍于添加有２％～６％硫酸及２％～４％盐酸等添加剂,浓度为２０％～３５％的磷酸溶液中,浸泡４８ｈ后,在微波功率为６００～８００Ｗ条件下处理１０～２０ｍｉｎ。用典型工艺条件制得的活性炭的产率为４４％,亚甲基蓝脱色力可以达到１８～２４ｍＬ／０．１ｇ