Griseofulvin-Hydrogenated Soya Phospholipid Coprecipitates

Abstract

The dissolution of griseofulvin was accelerated significantly by formulation as a griseofulvin-hydrogenated soya phospholipid coprecipitate. The transport of griseofulvin across both cellulose membranes and rat intestinal sac was also accelerated by the use of coprecipitates. X-ray diffraction data suggest that the decrease in crystallinity of griseofulvin in the coprecipitate accelerated the dissolution of griseofulvin. The possible aggregation (possible small micelle formation) of phospholipid including griseofulvin in water may also increase the apparent solubility of griseofulvin from the coprecipitate. The increase in surface area of coprecipitate and pure griseofulvin by including bulking (core) substances further accelerated the dissolution of griseofulvin and resulted in rapid transport of griseofulvin through cellulose membranes.     

大豆油基聚氨酯预聚体的制备及其性能研究

可再生的大豆油、TDI为原料,合成出端-NCO的大豆油基聚氨酯PU.对聚氨酯中的-NCO含量进行了测定.采用FT-IR对材料进行了定性分析,对聚氨酯的色泽、粘度、容纳度等性能进行了测试.结果表明:大豆油基聚氨酯预聚体反应中NCO与OH的物质的量比为1∶1时,保温时间40h,反应温度70℃反应最完全.在-NCO含量为2.0%～2.5%时,各项性能最适合在印刷油墨连接料中应用.     

Aqueous-Lipid Transdermal Formulation of Anti-Inflammatory Agents,Prepared with Hydrogenated Soya Phospholipid

Abstract

The in vitro transport of various anti-inflammatory agents were examined using rat dorsal skin and shed snake skin as models of the stratum corneum for the evaluation of transdermal formulation. The aqueous-lipid vehicle formulations prepared with hydrogenated soya phospholipid increased the transport of ketoprofen and sodium diclofenac, and an addition of tetradecanol to the formulation increased the transport of both drugs more markedly. The amounts of drug (%) transported during 12 h with rat dorsal skin and during 24 h with shed snake skin was about 50% for ketoprofen and about 30 % for sodium diclofenac. The aqueous-lipid formulation including tetradecanol also increased the transport of indomethacin, but only about 10 %. It is suggested that the small effect of the aqueous-lipid vehicle formulation on indomethacin transport is due to the low solubility of indomethacin in the vehicle.     

Aqueous-Lipid Transdermal Formulation of Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Prepared with Hydrogenated Soya Phospholipid

The in vitro transport of various anti-inflammatory agents were examined using rat dorsal skin and shed snake skin as models of the stratum corneum for the evaluation of transdermal formulation. The aqueous-lipid vehicle formulations prepared with hydrogenated soya phospholipid increased the transport of ketoprofen and sodium diclofenac, and an addition of tetradecanol to the formulation increased the transport of both drugs more markedly. The amounts of drug (%) transported during 12 h with rat dorsal skin and during 24 h with shed snake skin was about 50% for ketoprofen and about 30 % for sodium diclofenac. The aqueous-lipid formulation including tetradecanol also increased the transport of indomethacin, but only about 10 %. It is suggested that the small effect of the aqueous-lipid vehicle formulation on indomethacin transport is due to the low solubility of indomethacin in the vehicle.     

乳品中硫氰酸钠的含量测定研究

目的:研究硫酸铁铵分光光度法测定乳与乳制品中硫氰酸钠含量。方法:样品加三氯乙酸溶液和双氧水溶液进行超声振荡后,静置,过滤,取滤液加硝酸酸化,再加硫酸铁铵溶液,利用硫氰酸钠能与三价铁发生反应,生成硫氰酸铁络合离子,使溶液呈血红色可在462 nm处测定其吸光值,根据吸光度曲线确定硫氰酸钠含量。结果:本方法的线性范围为1.00 mg/L～30.0 mg/L,其最低检出浓度为1.3 mg/L。回收率为88.3%～107.7%。鉴于显色稳定性,方法要求标准溶液显色后应在30min内完成检测。结论:本方法具有操作简便,回收率高,试验成本低,分析周期短,结果准确等优点,对乳与乳制品中硫氰酸钠的控制具有重要意义。因本方法使用的紫外分光光度仪非常普及,很适合在广大中小企业推广。     

Use of waste materials--Bottom Ash and De-Oiled Soya, as potential adsorbents for the removal of Amaranth from aqueous solutions

Bottom Ash, a power plan t waste material and De-Oiled Soya, an agriculture waste product were successfully utilized in removing trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulphonato-1-naphthylazo)naphthalene-3,6-disulphonate--a water-soluble hazardous azo dye (Amaranth). The paper incorporates thermodynamic and kinetic studies for the adsorption of the dye on these two waste materials as adsorbents. Characterization of each adsorbent was carried out by I.R. and D.T.A. curves. Batch adsorption studies were made by measuring effects of pH, adsorbate concentration, sieve size, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature etc. Specific rate constants for the processes were calculated by kinetic measurements and a first order adsorption kinetics was observed in each case. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to calculate thermodynamic parameters. The adsorption on Bottom Ash takes place via film diffusion process at lower concentrations and via particle diffusion process at higher concentrations, while in the case of De-Oiled Soya process only particle diffusion takes place in the entire concentration range.     

奶片的致命诱惑

今年以来,有一种很不起眼的小食品--奶片带着它的独特味道,风靡了整个中国.据了解,奶片是以纯鲜牛奶为原料,采用先进工艺精制而成,保持了牛奶的新鲜、浓香风味及营养成分.而且最令消费者动心的是,该产品广告说:一板奶片相当于一盒鲜奶.这让很多人都产生了"一盒里装的10板奶片就是10盒鲜奶"的想法.于是,这种看似不起眼的小奶片就以势不可挡的力量,迅速走遍了大江南北.     

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles preparation

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrogenating [Fe[N(Si(CH₃)₃)₂]₂] at room temperature and a pressure of 3 atm. To monitor the reaction, a stainless steel pressure reactor lined with PTFE and mechanically stirred was designed. This design allowed the extraction of samples at different times, minimizing the perturbation in the system. In this way, the shape and the diameter of the nanoparticles produced during the reaction were also monitored. The results showed the production of zero-valent iron nanoparticles that were approximately 5 nm in diameter arranged in agglomerates. The agglomerates grew to 900 nm when the reaction time increased up to 12 h; however, the diameter of the individual nanoparticles remained almost the same. During the reaction, some byproducts constituted by amino species acted as surfactants; therefore, no other surfactants were necessary.     

Electrochemical preparation of germane

Germane has been prepared through the electrochemical reduction of the germanate anion in alkaline solutions with a current efficiency of 40–45%. Active solution circulation in the cathodic zone and the use of an Sn or Cd cathode are shown to raise the germane yield. The current density and initial solution concentration have a weak effect on the reduction process.     

奶粉包装防伪可防止被劣质奶粉假冒

近日,连续读了有关安徽省阜阳市不法厂家制售假冒劣质奶粉,坑害消费者的新闻报道,使我受到了教育和启迪.尤其是从媒体报道的消息得知:在安徽省阜阳市市场上检查发现有55种假冒劣质奶粉中,有21种产品是利用包装假冒黑龙江省18家奶粉生产企业品牌.于是,在头脑中产生了一个值得深思的问题.     

Process development for the removal and recovery of hazardous dye erythrosine from wastewater by waste materials-Bottom Ash and De-Oiled Soya as adsorbents

Erythrosine is a water-soluble xanthene class of dye. It is widely used as colorant in foods, textiles, drugs and cosmetics. It is highly toxic, causes various types of allergies, thyroid activities, carcinogenicity, DNA damage behaviour, neurotoxicity and xenoestrogen nature in the humans and animals. The photochemical and biochemical degradation of the erythrosine is not recommended due to formation of toxic by-products. The present paper is an attempt to remove erythrosine from wastewater using adsorption over Bottom Ash-a power plant waste and De-Oiled Soya-an agricultural waste. Under the batch studies, effect of concentration of dye, temperature, pH of the solution, dosage of adsorbents, sieve size of adsorbents, etc., have been studied for the uptake of the dye over both adsorbents. The adsorption process verifies Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms in both the cases and based on the data different thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. Batch studies also include kinetic measurements, rate constant study, mass transfer behaviour and establishment of mechanistic pathway for both the cases. For the bulk removal of the dye column operations have been carried out and breakthrough capacities of the Bottom Ash and De-Oiled Soya columns have been calculated. Attempts have also been made for the recovery of the adsorbed dye from exhausted columns by eluting dilute NaOH and more than 90% of the dye was recovered.     

Fenton digestion of milk for iodinalysis

Iodine is an essential micronutrient especially important in the neurodevelopment of infants. Spot samples of urinary iodine (UI) are used as an epidemiologic index of adult iodine nutrition. Individual infant iodine nutrition is of vital importance, but infant urine is difficult to collect, much less a 24 h sample. Monitoring the intake provides a pragmatic solution for determining infant iodine nutrition. Because of the high solids content of milk and the possible existence of iodine in an organically bound form, sample digestion is obligatory. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, for example, uses wet ashing by HClO(4); special precautions and fume hoods are required. We present a method of Fenton digestion of human and bovine milk samples and infant formula. No specialized equipment or hazardous reagents are used; measurement is made by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In Fenton digestion, Fe(II) and H(2)O(2) oxidizes the sample. In an interlaboratory study, excellent agreement (r(2) = 0.9934) was observed with results obtained by HClO(4) digestion and Sandel-Kolthoff kinetic colorimetry. Average recoveries of iodide, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine ranged between 100% and 101%. Following digestion, iodine was found to exist entirely as iodide. Control of pH is imperative if loss cannot be corrected for by isotope dilution. Loss was below 20% for all samples when the pH was between 2.25 and 2.5.