活性污泥的连续流发酵产氢实验研究

采用好氧活性污泥为种泥,以连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)作为发酵生物制氢反应装置,对发酵法生物制氢系统的启动和运行进行了实验研究。反应器有效容积为10L,接种污泥取自哈尔滨啤酒厂有机废水好氧生物处理系统的二沉池。反应器在污泥接种量为6.09 g·L~(-1),进水有机物浓度2000 mg COD·L~(-1),pH 5～7,HRT 8 h和(35±1)℃的条件下启动,运行27 d后达到稳定的乙醇型发酵状态,最高产气速率和产氢速率分别达到10.1 L·d~(-1)和5.8 L·d~(-1)。在进水有机物浓度提高到4000 mg COD·L~(-1),其他控制条件不变的情况下,系统可在3 d内重新达到新的平衡,最高产气速率和产氢速率分别达到20.7 L·d~(-1)和10.8 L·d~(-1),而氢气含量和发酵类型未发生改变。     

久置、好氧及厌氧污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附性能研究

用久置污泥、好氧活性污泥、厌氧活性污泥对阳离子染料亚甲蓝进行吸附研究,考察了吸附平衡时间、吸附等温线、吸附动力学、pH、离子浓度.污泥量对吸附亚甲蓝的影响.结果表明,3种污泥对亚甲蓝都具有良好的吸附效果,好氧活性污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附等温式同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,久置污泥和厌氧活性污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附更符合Freundlich 方程;3种污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附行为符合很2级反应动力学;pH<2时3种污泥对亚甲蓝的去除率偏低,久置污泥和好氧活性污泥在pH3～12、厌氧活性污泥在pH5～12对亚甲蓝的吸附性能稳定;10mg·L~(-4)的醋酸钠可以有效促进3种污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附,促进作用随着醋酸钠浓度的升高逐渐减弱,但高浓度的醋酸钠对亚甲蓝的吸附没有明显影响.     

玉米浸出液强化活性污泥系统处理焦化废水

应用瓦氏呼吸仪测定微生物耗氧量方法,研究添加玉米浸出液强化活性污泥系统处理焦化废水的效果.研究结果表明,系统耗氧量增加,相对好氧速率明显加快,B/C比值升高,反应1h后,比值达到0.46,难降解有机物得到一定程度降解,焦化废水生化处理效果得到加强.该类物质可用于提高工业废水的生化处理效果,节约污水处理厂的运行成本.     

复合铁酶促活性和普通活性污泥系统低温启动对比研究

对比研究了＜15℃的低温条件下复合铁酶促活性污泥和普通活性污泥系统的启动过程.结果表明,向2个平行试验装置投加等量的接种污泥,两系统在以下工况条件经32 d均成功启动:HRT为20 h,污泥龄30d,进水体积流量与回流污泥体积流量比200％,DO的质量浓度2.0～4.0 mg·L-1;培养过程中,复合铁酶促活性污泥系统比普通活性污泥系统污泥含量更高,系统启动速度快;对COD、NH3-N、PO43--P的平均去除率较普通活性污泥系统分别提高6.10.11个百分点;脱氢酶活性、NH3-N硝化速率、吸磷速率分别提高了5.20 μg·mg-1·h、3.15 mg·L-1.h-1、2.0mg·L-1·h-1,表明复合铁活性污泥系统在低温条件下较普通活性污泥系统具有更高的微生物活性.     

DEWATERING OF WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE VIA CENTRIFUGAL FIELD

While conducting centrifugal dewatering tests on waste activated sludge, this work considered how the rotational speed and the application of cationic polyelectrolyte flocculation affected the sludge. Increased rotational speed and/or conditioning the sludge to a charge neutralization point could enhance dewatering efficiency. A model was proposed to estimate the disruption energy exerted on the sludge body using centrifugation. Experimental results indicate that the disruption energy level provided by the centrifuge increases with rotational speed and decreasing water content in the filter cake. Moreover, polyelectrolyte flocculation may significantly reduce the disruption energy level of the water from sludge particles and the residual water contents at the end of the test.     

污水处理厂UASB污泥处理的试验研究

ＵＡＳＢ反应器已广泛用于处理各种废水，但用于处理污泥的方法尚未见有报道。本文讨论了常温下用活性污泥作种泥，培养颗粒污泥的可行性，并且得到了ＵＳＡＢ反应器处理污泥的运行参数。     

CAPACITY OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE SOLIDS FOR VIRUS ADSORPTION

The first significant reduction in wastewater virus concentration occurs in the biological treatment process, either by removal of solid matter in which virus is embedded or by adsorption of virus to the biomass. In addition, the effectiveness of subsequent disinfection and the ultimate fate of treatment plant effluent virus are dependent on the extent of virus association with small suspended particles. This report is a study of adsorption of Type I poliovirus to solids collected from an activated sludge unit and resuspended in filtered final effluent. Virus adsorption capacity was correlated by an isotherm relationship which includes the effect of decreasing capacity with increasing solids concentration. This effect is probably caused by decreased solids surface area due to solids aggregation. The results indicate smaller capacity at typical activated sludge mixed liquor solids concentration than would be predicted from previous studies, and that only about 20% of total virus are adsorbed at low solids concentration typical for treatment plant effluent.     

CAPACITY OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE SOLIDS FOR VIRUS ADSORPTION

The first significant reduction in wastewater virus concentration occurs in the biological treatment process, either by removal of solid matter in which virus is embedded or by adsorption of virus to the biomass. In addition, the effectiveness of subsequent disinfection and the ultimate fate of treatment plant effluent virus are dependent on the extent of virus association with small suspended particles. This report is a study of adsorption of Type I poliovirus to solids collected from an activated sludge unit and resuspended in filtered final effluent. Virus adsorption capacity was correlated by an isotherm relationship which includes the effect of decreasing capacity with increasing solids concentration. This effect is probably caused by decreased solids surface area due to solids aggregation. The results indicate smaller capacity at typical activated sludge mixed liquor solids concentration than would be predicted from previous studies, and that only about 20% of total virus are adsorbed at low solids concentration typical for treatment plant effluent.     

DEWATERING OF WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE VIA CENTRIFUGAL FIELD

ABSTRACT

While conducting centrifugal dewatering tests on waste activated sludge, this work considered how the rotational speed and the application of cationic polyelectrolyte flocculation affected the sludge. Increased rotational speed and/or conditioning the sludge to a charge neutralization point could enhance dewatering efficiency. A model was proposed to estimate the disruption energy exerted on the sludge body using centrifugation. Experimental results indicate that the disruption energy level provided by the centrifuge increases with rotational speed and decreasing water content in the filter cake. Moreover, polyelectrolyte flocculation may significantly reduce the disruption energy level of the water from sludge particles and the residual water contents at the end of the test.     

阳离子型改性天然高分子絮凝剂对活性污泥脱水处理

首先介绍了阳离子改性天然高分子絮凝剂的制备,然后,用它对活性污泥进行了脱水处理,并考察了处理效果。研究发现,在pH约为7．5,絮凝剂的分子量为500万,最佳用量为3．0×10-5mg／L,胶化度为33％时,脱水效果最佳,清液达到城市污水处理厂污水污泥排放标准。     

城市污水处理厂脱水污泥一次好氧发酵过程动力学的研究

目前研究成果表明污泥好氧发酵过程合适的含水率为40％～65％,而一般的城市污水处理厂脱水污泥的含水率在80%左右,把含水率从80％调节到40％～65％范围内需要大量的调理剂,这给实际工程应用带来困难。因此,本文结合脱水污泥好氧堆肥化已经取得的研究成果,利用仓式反应器对脱水污泥在高含水率条件下（〉70％）的一次好氧发酵过程动力学进行研究。试验结果表明：脱水污泥一次好氧发酵过程中的生化反应符合一级反应动力擘模型。     

微曝氧化沟除磷工艺运行状况研究

通过对中山市污水处理有限公司二期系统运行状况的分析,探讨了脱氪除磷微曝氧化沟工艺在低污泥负荷的情况下,厌氧区硝酸盐氮的浓度、污泥龄、污泥浓度及出水悬浮物等因素对系统除磷效果的影响,并总结出了较佳的运行方式.     

好氧污泥对季铵盐吸附性能的研究

试验对比了苄基季铵盐(BAC)在好氧活性污泥和灭活好氧污泥的吸附平衡和吸附动力学。结果表明,2种污泥对BAC的吸附都在30 min达到平衡;随着BAC初始含量的增大,好氧污泥的吸附量增大,吸附率降低;伪2级较伪1级反应动力学模型更符合吸附试验。15～35℃下,BAC在好氧活性污泥的吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程描述,温度升高吸附能力降低,在15、25、35℃时,最大吸附量分别为315、307、277mg·g-1;25℃时灭活好氧污泥对BAC的吸附方程也同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,最大吸附量为210.7 mg·g-1。好氧活性污泥的吸附性能强于灭活好氧污泥,2者都能有效地的吸附去除BAC。     

固定生物膜-活性污泥工艺研究与应用进展

总结了国外固定生物膜-活性污泥(IFAS)工艺的研究与应用进展,主要包括IFAS工艺的研究现状、优缺点分析以及应用现状。IFAS将附着生长的生物膜和悬浮生长的活性污泥相结合,该工艺占地面积小,可有效脱氮除磷,在传统活性污泥工艺的升级改造上具有很大优势。同时,对IFAS未来的研究重点与方向进行了分析探讨,认为该工艺在国内的相关研究还很少,应结合我国污水处理实际情况,展开IFAS应用于升级改造的相关研究,对于我国节能减排具有重要意义。     

REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Studies were conducted to determine the removal of heavy metals in three normally operating activated sludge wastewater treatment plants having only moderate industrial inputs. The removals of the soluble and particulate fractions varied with primary and secondary treatment, and in one instance a tertiary sand filter.     

IN SITU SEPARATION OF ETHANOL DURING BATCH FERMENTATION WITH CO_2 STRIPPING AND ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION

In situ separation of ethanol during batch fermentation with CO_2 stripping and activated carbon adsorption was studied. The higher initial glucose concentration and fermentation rate were reached due to the elimination of ethanol inhibition on the cell growth by means of CO_2 stripping. The stripped ethanol vapor was selectively adsorbed by an activated carbon column. The conde(?)sate desorbed from the adsorption column can be higher than 50% by weight. Ar unstructured model was used to simulate the experimental data satisfactorily.     

Improving physicochemical characteristics and anaerobic digestion performance of rice straw via ammonia pretreatment at varying concentrations and moisture levels

Rice straw physicochemical characteristics and anaerobic digestion(AD) performance via ammonia pretreatment at varying ammonia concentrations(2%, 4%, and 6%) and moisture contents(30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%)under a mild condition were investigated. The results showed that the ammonia pretreatment effectively damaged the rice straw structure, increased the soluble organic concentration, and improved rice straw hydrolysis and AD performance. After pretreatment, the ester bond and ether bond were ruptured in lignocellulose and the volatile fatty acids(VFAs) were within the range of 1457.81–1823.67 mg·L~(-1). In addition, ammonia pretreatment had high selectivity on lignin removal, resulting in a maximum lignin removal rate of 50.80%. The highest methane yield of rice straw was 250.34 ml·(g VS)~(-1) at a 4% ammonia concentration coupled with a 70% moisture content, which was 28.55% higher than that of the control. The result showed that ammonia pretreatment of rice straw is technically suitable to enhance AD performance for further application.     

活性污泥对废水中铍的吸附与解吸

本文研究了活性污泥对水中铍的吸附特性。考察了时间、温度、pH、共存离子等对吸附过程的影响,以及吸附过程中溶液pH的变化规律,研究结果表明：铍在污泥上的吸附主要为快速的表面吸附,受温度影响不大,在pH3—7范围,吸附量随pH的升高而增大,铜、铅、锌、钙由于共同竞争吸附电位而使吸附量下降,铁、铝等由于产生微沉淀而致使吸附量增加,钠由于具有竞争和生成复盐双重作用导致吸附量交叉变化,硫酸根和磷酸根由于与铍生成沉淀而增加去除率,而氟和铍生成稳定配离子使去除率下降,溶液pH由于生成配离子而呈现反常的升高;此外,还探讨了不同解吸刑对污泥中铍的解吸效果,结果表明,盐酸解吸效果最佳,解吸率高达96．73％。     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥厌氧消化试验研究

探讨了影响污泥厌氧消化的各种因素,包括温度、pH值、污泥投配率、有机负荷等,以期寻找出最佳的污泥厌氧消化条件,获得最高的污泥降解率和最高的产气量;为比较不同停留时间和有机负荷对污泥厌氧消化效率的影响,实验中维持进料含固率不变,探讨相关的污泥厌氧消化效率。     

活性污泥处理环丙沙星制药废水实验研究

本文探讨活性污泥法处理丙沙星制药废水的可行性。主要研究水力停留时间,进水ＣＯＤ浓度等因素对处理效果的影响,并获得了动力学模式。