国外可移动式小型核反应堆动力系统的应用研究

简要介绍了可移动式小型核反应动力系统在太空系统，常规潜艇和多功能民用船舶等领域的最新应用研究，综述了ＳＰ－１００、ＴＯＰＡＺ－２、ＥＲＡＴＯ－２０ＡＭＰＳ－Ⅱ和ＡＭＰＳ－Ⅰ，以及ＤＲＸ等小型核反应堆动力系统。研究表明：可移动式小型核反应堆动力系统以其独特的优点，交被用于２１世纪的太空系统，常规潜艇和多功能民用船舶。     

SIEMENS TELEPERM M在钛白酸解装置中的应用

介绍了硫酸法钛白粉生产装置采用ＴＥＬＥＰＥＲＭ Ｍ集散控制系统，实现了酸解过程的自动批量生产及其停车的自动控制。     

EDTMP与Sm的摩尔比对^153Sm—EDTMP稳定性的影响

对不同条件下ＥＤＴＭＰ与Ｓｍ的摩尔比对高比活度或者低比活率＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ在肝脏中摄陬量的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明，ＥＤＴＭＰ怀富集靶的Ｓｍ摩尔比为１００：１或ＥＤＴＭＰ与天然靶的Ｓｍ摩尔比为６：１时，＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ在肝脏中摄取量可小于０．５％；同时发现辐射剂量和磷酸缓冲溶液对＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ的稳定性也也有影响。     

PET／PC共混物的辐射效应研究

研究了经溶液共混制备的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯／聚碳酸酯（ＰＥＴ／ＰＣ）共混物的辐射效应。结果表明：ＰＥＴ／ＰＣ共混物在辐照过程中未发生酯交换反应和交联反应，但有降解反应发生。在研究的剂量范围内，辐照对ＰＥＴ／ＰＣ共混物中ＰＥＴ和ＰＣ的晶体形态影响不明显。     

骨肿瘤治疗剂注射液中^153Sm—EDTMP放化纯度的测量方法

介绍了用阳离子交换法测量骨肿瘤治疗剂注射中＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ放化纯度的方法，实验结果表明，该方法能快速准确地测量骨肿瘤治疗剂注射中＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ的放化纯度，测量出的放化纯度大于９９％，测量时间小于２０分钟。     

天然靶制备^153Sm—EDTMP的质量控制

采用ＨＰＬＣ法对原材料ＥＤＴＭＰ，非放射性Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ和＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ进行分析，结果表明：原材料没有其它有机杂质；天然钐靶堆照后的放射性核纯度为９９．７％，＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ的放射性浓度〈１．８５ＧＢｑ／ｍｌ时，自辐射分解不会影响使用。     

18F-FDG PET全身显像与99mTc-MDP骨显像诊断肿瘤骨转移灶的对比研究

为评价＾１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧ ＰＥＴ全身显像对肿瘤骨转移的诊断价值,对５２例肿瘤患者同时进行＾１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧ ＰＥＴ显像及＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ骨显像,骨转移灶的最以组织病理、或ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ影像学检查和临床随访结果为依据。５２例患者共检出骨转移灶１０６处,骨显像诊断骨转移的灵敏度（８９．６％）高于ＰＥＴ（６３．２％）。ＰＥＴ对肋骨及头颅骨转移的检测灵敏度较低,且单纯应用ＰＥＴ定位存在困难。因而对＾１８Ｆ＝     

高能Ar离子辐照聚酯薄膜潜径迹蚀刻

通过９００ＭｅＶＡｒ离子辐照聚酯（ＰＥＴ）薄膜潜径迹蚀刻过程的研究，给出了表征ＰＥＴ聚合物材料特性的径迹可蚀刻性的能损阈值（ｄＥ／ｄＸ）ｃ并通过不同方法讨论了ＰＥＴ膜的径迹蚀刻速度和体蚀刻速度。     

^153Sm—EDTMP治疗多发性骨转移瘤

１　引言以１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ作为内照射药物治疗多发性骨转移瘤是目前国内外新开展的治疗方法。利用１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ亲骨肿瘤特性和β射线对癌细胞明显和抑制或／和杀伤作用，有较好的疗效。目前，肿瘤、乳腺癌、前列腺癌为最常见的恶性肿瘤，约５０％以上的...     

DHDECMP-TBP/煤油对U(Ⅵ)的萃取

ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ－ＴＢＰ／煤油体系从１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＮＯ３－ＵＯ２（ＮＯ３）２介质中萃取Ｕ（Ⅵ）,除了存在ＴＢＰ和ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ的单独萃取反应外,还存在着ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ－ＴＢＰ的协同萃取反应。形成的萃合物分别为ＵＯ２（ＮＯ３）２．２ＴＢＰ、ＵＯ２（ＮＯ３）２．２ＤＨＥＣＭＰ和ＵＯ２（ＮＯ３）２．ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ．ＴＢＰ。实验测定了ＴＢＰ／煤油、ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ／煤油和ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ－ＴＢＰ／煤国同萃     

肿瘤PET药物的现状和展望

随着正电子发射计算机断层显像技术(PET)的研发,PET药物在肿瘤科学研究及临床应用中具有越来越重要的作用。本文在肿瘤代谢显像、肿瘤细胞凋亡显像、反义显像、受体显像及基因表达监测等方面集中介绍肿瘤PET药物的进展情况及其发展前景。     

Alzheimer病PET显像剂研究进展

Alzheimer病(AD)属于渐进性中枢神经系统退变性疾病,严重威胁老年人健康,其确诊主要依据死后病理检查。正电子发射断层(PET)显像技术在临床的广泛应用,为活体内早期无创性显像诊断AD提供有效途径,而PET显像的成功主要依赖于优良的正电子显像药物。近年来研制的应用于AD的PET显像剂大致有糖代谢类、β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)结合类、tau蛋白结合类、神经递质及受体类、小胶质细胞活化的神经炎症类及细胞凋亡类。本文对近年来应用于AD的PET显像剂的研究进展进行了综述。     

诊断用放射性药物研究现状与展望

以放射性药物为基础的单光子断层扫描(SPECT)和正电子断层扫描(PET)已成为十分有效的诊断手段,可在分子水平反应活体功能和代谢过程。放射性药物的研发也为分子影像和核医学的发展提供了强有力的保障。国内放射性药物的研究已有坚实的基础,并且不断探索新的领域。本文介绍了近几年中国诊断用放射性药物领域的最新研究进展,对今后一段时期内中国放射性药物的发展进行了展望,并提出了加强加速器放射性核素开发、放射性药物研究等方面的建议,更好地为人类健康事业服务。     

PET imaging of cerebral metabolic change in tinnitus using 18F-FDG

1 INTRODUCTIONTiunitus is a hearing disorder diaracterized by periodic or continuous auditory hallucination in one or both ear without real son-nd source. Over 90% of tin-"itus are associated with cochlear dysfUnction such as hearing loss. The sensory disorder varies inseventy. In the worst case j it induces unbearable noise in ear(s), even interfering withsleep and daily life. However, tinnitus is also a kind of "subjective" abnormality, becauseno morphological or fUllctional alteration…     

小动物PET

小动物PET正成为动物模型研究的强有力工具.本文综述了小动物PET扫描仪的发展及其在脑和心肌葡萄糖代谢、神经受体、肿瘤学、报告基因显像和反义PET显像等方面的应用,同时对小动物PET的发展趋势进行了讨论.     

Clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluation of hepatic vein, inferior vena cava and right atrium tumor thrombi in ]~epatocellular carcinoma： Initial results

In this paper,eleven consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients with an embolus in the hepatic vein(HV),inferior vena cava(IVC)and right atrium(RA) were studied with 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast enhanced CT.When correlated with final diagnosis,18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast enhanced CT was positive in 11 patients(100%),7 patients(63.6%),respectively.The accuracy of PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT were 100%,63.6%.Three cases with secondary blood thrombi in the distant IVC,which were confirmed by PET/CT,cannot be identified by contrast enhanced CT.The average survival was 3 months(range,1-12mo).The 12 months survival rate was 9.1%.Our results suggest that highly metabolic tumor thrombus in the HV,IVC and RA may be depicted on 18F-FDG PET/CT in HCC patients.It may discriminate between malignant and secondary benign blood thrombi.     

国内正电子发射断层(PET)现状和展望

介绍了国内外正电子发射断层(PET)发展概况。截止2003年3月，国内有22个PET中心(包括已建、在建和计划中)、4台PET单机。正电子药物(^18F—FDG)方面：除由IBA公司2台30MeV回旋加速器生产的^18F—FDG已进入临床研究外，PET中心的17台小型回旋加速器生产的FDG按医院制剂使用。2001年FDGPET检查约6700人次。本文讨论了我国PET发展中应注意的几个问题：如PET目前未进入医疗保险；PET中心数目的发展，宜在国家主管部门统一规划下并根据社会经济发展水平、医院功能定位及社会和公众的承受能力，合理布局、有限量地增加；加强基础科学与临床医学协作；重视人才培养及培训；建议核学会或核医学会下属设立PET学组或专门委员会，以作为各PET中心和主管部门联系的纽带与桥梁。     

核医学显像在三维适形调强放疗中的应用

核医学显像不仅因其能确定肿瘤范围及对肿瘤进行分期，而且因对治疗计划和病人随访的作用，目前在放射肿瘤学方面正变得愈加重要。正电子发射断层(PET)和单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)显像在对三维适形调强放射治疗的病人确定肿瘤范围和分期中起重要作用。由于肿瘤组织的代谢改变先于形态学改变，使用功能显像技术常常能在形态学显像检出之前鉴别肿瘤组织。检测肿瘤复发^18F-FDGPET有最好的灵敏度、特异性和正确率。另外，回顾了核医学显像在适形放疗的脑肿瘤、鼻咽癌、肺癌等患者中的应用。     

Ultra-Low Noise Charge Sensitive Preamplifier for Scintillation Detection with Avalanche Photodiodes in PET Applications

The need for compact, fast, low-noise front-end electronics in high resolution positron emission tomography (PET) has prompted this effort to design a preamplifier suitable for avalanche photodiode-based scintillation detectors. Due to the small signals from the detectors (< .03 pC/MeV), a preamplifier with ultra-low noise performance in the 5 to 20 MHz range is essential to achieve the timing resolution required by the PET application. Out of many available technologies, a new third generation MOSFET wqas selected and implemented as input transistor in an original charge sensitive (CSP) design. Performance among the best reported to date are obtained. The new design was implemented as a dual-channel preamplifier in high density hybrid (thick film) technology.     

Development of a compact DOI-TOF detector module for high-performance PET systems

To increase spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in PET imaging,we present in this paper the design and performance evaluation of a PET detector module combining both depth-of-interaction(DOI) and time-offlight(TOF) capabilities.The detector module consists of a staggered dual-layer LYSO block with2 mm × 2 mm × 7 mm crystals.MR-compatible SiPM sensors(MicroFJ-30035-TSV,SensL) are assembled into an 8× 8 array.SiPM signals from both fast and slow outputs are read out by a 128-channel ASIC chip.To test its performance,a flood histogram is acquired with a ~(22)Na point source on top of the detector,and the energy resolution and the coincidence resolving time(CRT) value for each individual crystal are measured.The flood histogram shows excellent crystal separation in both layers.The average energy resolution at 511 keV is 14.0 and 12.7%at the bottom and top layers,respectively.The average CRT of a single crystal is 635 and 565 ps at the bottom and top layers,respectively.In conclusion,the compact DOI-TOF PET detector module is of excellent crystal identification capability,good energy resolution and reasonable time resolution and has promising application prospective in clinical TOF PET,PET/MRI,and brain PET systems.