Cold energy release characteristics of an ice/air direct contact heat exchanger

This paper deals with the cold energy release characteristics of an ice/air direct contact heat exchanger. Characteristics of the outlet temperature, humidity, and time history of heat release are examined when the initial height of the ice‐cube‐packed bed in the heat exchanger is changed. The following results were obtained in these experiments: (1) Inlet air of 30 °C is lowered to about 0 °C when passed through the heat exchanger, and the absolute humidity of the outlet air is reduced to about a quarter of that of the inlet air. (2) There is an optimum height of the ice‐cube‐packed bed to maximize the amount of cold energy release. (3) This heat exchange method can supply about twice as much cold energy as is released by an ordinary fin‐tube‐type heat exchanger even if the air velocity in the heat exchanger is reduced to about 0.38 times that of the fin‐tube‐type heat exchanger. (4) A nondimensional correlation equation for predicting the time taken for the ice‐cube‐packed bed to completely melt is derived. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(2): 95–113, 2001     

A novel method for measuring spatial uniformity of irregular boiling bubbles in a direct contact heat exchanger

As the binary image fails to reflect the density distribution of the bubble, this paper proposes an improved new indicator for accurate measurement of spatial uniformity based on gray image analysis: moment. Compared with the inclination angle method in binary image, the test results show that the two methods have significant positive correlation. The experimental results also indicate that the evolution curve of bubble numbers is consistent with its moment evolution curve, and the moment evolution fitting curve can distinguish the high noise in the experiment. Compared with other methods, mixing performance index (t) obtained by moment evolution fitting curve is correlated with heat transfer performance (Pearson correlation coefficient a = −0.94). The variation in characteristic area of the bubble in the direction of bubble growth can characterize the heat transfer performance. The index of dispersion of the global moment and the local moment indicates that the local moment can be used to precisely quantify the spatial uniformity of boiling bubbles. This work could also be applied to study a variety of problems involving spatial uniformity through visualization techniques.     

混装板式换热器的流动阻力试验测试与分析

针对板式换热器无法保证换热面两侧流体的流动阻力完全相同,把板式换热器受涨侧和受压侧流动阻力合并为一个处理阻降来解决。通过实验对不同混装方式的板式换热器进行流动阻力测试,采用数据分析及公式拟合的方法,得出混装板式换热器流动阻力的主要影响因素是混合流道所占的比例,并利用线性拟合的方法,得到流动阻力的计算方法,从而确定板式换热器混装中流动阻力。     

同轴径向热管换热器壳程流场数值模拟

基于多孔介质模型和分布阻力方法,引入Al-sanea和Taborek两种阻力关系式模拟同轴径向热管换热器壳程的流场。结果表明:换热器壳程静压沿烟气流动方向呈线性分布;随入口烟气速度的增加,换热器阻力损失增大、压降增大;且随入口烟气速度的增加,压降增加的速率增大。     

一种新型换热器流动特性的实验研究

螺旋折流板换热器是将折流板布置成与管束有某个倾斜角度 ,流体在壳程沿着螺旋折流板呈螺旋状流动的一种新型换热器。在对几个影响螺旋折流板换热器流动特性的因素进行了实验研究后 ,本文对实验结果进行了论述和分析。     

开孔式SK型直接接触换热器混合与换热特性研究

为了进一步强化流体在SK型静态混合器中换热效率,对SK型静态混合器进行3,6和9孔的开孔设计,并将开孔式SK型静态混合器应用于直接接触蒸发器中,以高沸点导热油作为直接接触换热器中的连续相,以低沸点的有机工质作为直接接触换热器的分散相,运用ANSYS软件进行数值模拟,研究30,50和70℃3种低温差情况下,不同开孔数量对流动和换热特性的影响。结果表明：3孔式SK型静态混合器的混合特性最稳定,在3种温差下混合效果分别是传统式SK型静态混合器的1.5,3.3和1.6倍;湍流强度分别为传统式SK型静态混合器的3.3,3.8和1.3倍。在SK型静态混合器上合理的开孔可以提高气态工质在直接接触换热器内的停留时间,从而使传热得到强化,达到了节约能源的目的。     

石墨烯-PFA复合材料换热器与金属换热器的传热性能对比

氟塑料换热器以其耐腐蚀、耐磨损等优点而备受关注,但氟塑料热导率较低,换热能力差,限制了其广泛应用。石墨烯-PFA复合材料兼具石墨烯优异的导热性和可熔性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)良好的耐酸碱腐蚀性,是新一代的换热器材料。搭建了余热回收测试实验台,对石墨烯-PFA复合材料换热器和金属换热器的传热性能进行对比。研究了不同烟气流速、不同进口烟气温度以及不同石墨烯配比对复合材料传热性能的影响。结果表明:对于金属换热器和复合材料换热器,当烟气流速从2.0增加到4.0 m/s时,传热系数分别增加到原来的1.19和1.34倍;随着进口烟温的升高,两种材质的传热系数分别降低了15.6%和14.7%;随着石墨烯含量增加,复合材料的导热系数以及传热系数均增加。     

Second law analysis of crossflow heat exchanger in the presence of axial dispersion in one fluid

In the present paper second law analysis of crossflow heat exchangers has been carried out in the presence of non-uniformity of flow. This non-uniformity is modeled with the help of axial dispersion model and takes into account the back mixing and flow maldistribution. An analytical model for exergy destruction has been evaluated for the cross-flow configuration. A wide range of study of the operating parameters and non-uniform flow on exergetic behavior of crossflow heat exchangers has been carried out. The results clearly bring out not only the reason behind the maximum entropy paradox in heat exchangers but also the proper perspective of exergy destruction and the consequent optimization of crossflow heat exchangers from the second law viewpoint.     

Influence of transverse vibrations on convective heat transfer in parallel flow tube-in-tube heat exchanger

Tube-in-tube heat exchangers are widely used in food processing industries and wastewater treatment for both heating and cooling. Enhancement techniques namely active, passive, and compound are developed to reduce the thermal resistance in heat exchangers by improving convective heat transfer with or without increase in surface area. The present experimental study is aimed at analyzing the influence of vibrations on the convective heat transfer of a parallel flow tube-in-tube heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is placed in horizontal position and is subjected to transverse vibrations under turbulent fluid flow conditions. Experiments were performed at four frequencies (20, 40, 60, and 100 Hz), three amplitudes (1, 2, and 3 m/s²), and three vibration generator positions along its length, in the Reynolds number range of 10 710 to 21 420. An enhancement in Nusselt number is found with vibration than without vibration throughout the entire range of Reynolds numbers. A maximum enhancement of 33% at 40 Hz frequency, 3 m/s² amplitude, and vibration generator position at three-fourth of the tube length was observed. Empirical correlations are developed for Nusselt number to determine the heat transfer coefficient with vibration with an error of $\pm$10%.     

Influence of nanofluids on parallel flow square microchannel heat exchanger performance

The effects of using various types of nanofluids and Reynolds numbers on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a square shaped microchannel heat exchanger (MCHE) is numerically investigated in this study. The performance of an aluminum MCHE with four different types of nanofluids (aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), silicon dioxide (SiO₂), silver (Ag), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂)), with three different nanoparticle volume fractions of 2%, 5% and 10% using water as base fluid is comprehensively analyzed. The three-dimensional steady, laminar developing flow and conjugate heat transfer governing equations of a balanced MCHE are solved using the finite volume method. The MCHE performance is evaluated in terms of temperature profile, heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, wall shear stress pumping power, effectiveness, and overall performance index. The results reveal that nanofluids can enhance the thermal properties and performance of the heat exchanger while having a slight increase in pressure drop. It was also found that increasing the Reynolds number causes the pumping power to increase and the effectiveness to decrease.     

直接接触式高效低阻天然气锅炉排烟余热回收装置的研发

为了大幅度提高天然气锅炉效率,提出一种回收天然气锅炉排烟余热的直接接触式换热器。经实验研究,得出用于指导工程设计的经验关系式。并根据经验公式设计了配用2 t天然气锅炉的新型节能器,其使用效果良好。最后分析了影响该节能器换热效果的主要因素,研究了排烟温度随液气比、节能器阻力随烟气流速的变化趋势。     

Experimental investigation of header configuration on two-phase flow distribution in plate-fin heat exchanger

The two-phase flow distribution in a plate-fin heat exchanger has been experimentally studied under different operation conditions. The results indicate that two-phase flow distribution is more complex and nonuniform than that of single-phase flow. The distribution uniformity of liquid-phase deteriorates with the decrease of Re_gas and Re_liq. The distribution uniformity of gas-phase deteriorates with Re_liq, but improves with Re_gas. The improved header with perforated baffle can effectively improve the uniformity of two-phase flow distribution and dryness distribution. The values of S_liq, S_gas and S_dry decrease by 5.4–44.0%, 4.7–35.0% and 11.7–30.0%, respectively. The conclusion is of great significance in the optimum design of plate-fin heat exchanger.     

Numerical studies on flow and heat transfer in membrane helical-coil heat exchanger and membrane serpentine-tube heat exchanger

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of synthesis gas (syngas) in membrane helical-coil heat exchanger and membrane serpentine-tube heat exchanger under different operating pressures, inlet velocities and pitches are investigated numerically. The three-dimensional governing equations for mass, momentum and heat transfer are solved using a control volume finite difference method. The realizable k-ε model is adopted to simulate the turbulent flow and heat transfer in heat exchangers. There flows syngas in the channels consisting of the membrane helical coils or membrane serpentine tubes, where the operating pressure varies from 0.5 to 3.0 MPa. The numerically obtained heat transfer coefficients for heat exchangers are in good agreement with experimental values. The results show that the syngas tangential flow in the channel consisting of membrane helical coils is significant to the heat transfer enhancement to lead to the higher average heat transfer coefficient of membrane helical-coil heat exchanger compared to membrane serpentine-tube heat exchanger. The syngas tangential velocity in the membrane helical-coil heat exchanger increases along the axial direction, and it is independent of the gas pressure, increasing with the axial velocity and axial pitch rise and decreasing with the radial pitch rise.     

Metallic foam with cross flow heat exchanger: A review of parameters,performance, and challenges

The cross-flow heat exchanger involves a tractor moving between two fluids that flow in a direction perpendicular to each other, and one of the fluids is often a liquid and the other is a gas. This type of heat exchanger has been studied in many previous studies for its importance in air conditioning applications and many industrial applications. In this type of heat exchanger, the surface area for heat transfer is very large. Therefore, many techniques have been used to improve the thermal and dynamic performance of this type of heat exchanger. In this study, previous studies that used metallic foam as one of the ways to improve the performance of heat exchangers were reviewed. The most important techniques that were used in previous studies during the process of evaluating the thermal performance of a cross-flow heat exchanger in the presence of different types of metal foam were clarified. The use of metal foam depends on important factors, including (1) the type of material, where copper and aluminum were used in most of the previous studies, due to their availability and ease of foam formation using these materials, in addition to the good thermal properties, (2) porosity, where the porosity value of metal foam ranged between 0.85 and 0.98 in the previous studies, (3) the density of pores, most of the studies ranged between 10 and 40 PPI.     

Heat extraction characteristics by coaxial heat exchanger

This study was performed to investigate the heat extraction characteristics from shallow geothermal resources using a coaxial heat exchanger. First, a computer simulation program for a coaxial heat exchanger was checked and verified by laboratory experiments. After inspecting the effectiveness of the computer program described herein, a numerical simulation for a real scale model was conducted under the condition that the heat transfer mechanism in the stratum was heat conduction. Unsteady heat extraction characteristics are presented herein, and the effects of the tube material, inner diameter, and circular modes on the heat extraction rate are discussed. From the computer results it was found that the heat extraction performance using a coaxial heat exchanger greatly depended on the factors mentioned above in the range of the parameters covered in this study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(7): 496–513, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20083     

板式换热器传热和阻力特性的实验研究

利用搭建的液-液型板式换热器试验平台,根据实验数据运用定性雷诺数法拟合出传热关联式,找出Nu与摩擦因子f之间的通用关系式,为板式换热器的设计计算提供了依据。运用传热量与功率的消耗比来评价板式换热器的性能,找出了影响其性能的主要因素,进一步澄清了单纯依靠提高流速来增加传热性能是不经济的。     

Control of collection efficiency for axial flow cyclone dust collectors with fixed guide vanes and with funnel shaped exit pipes

The experimental result of the collection efficiency of the axial flow cyclone with the fixed guide vanes is lowerthan that with the tangential inlet pipe to the cyclone body due to the weak angular momentum transfer given byflowing through the guide vanes.However,one of the interesting points is the control of the collection efficiencydepended on the funnel shaped exit pipes.The collection efficiencies for these funnel shaped exit pipes aredepended on the Froude number.Then,in this paper,the experimental results of the pressure drop and also thecollection efficiency using the fly-ash particles and also the comparison of the calculated results of the collectionefficiency with the experimental results are described in detail.     

Comparison of dynamic performance for direct and fluid coupled indirect heat exchange systems

Three different arrangements of heat exchange from a hot fluid stream to a cold fluid stream such as, direct heat exchanger and fluid coupled indirect heat exchanger both with forced circulation loop as well as thermally driven natural circulation loop have been considered in the present work. Dynamic performance of these three arrangements has been studied for four different excitations namely, step, ramp, exponential and sinusoidal. These excitations are imposed at the hot fluid inlet temperature. Finite element technique is used to solve the transient one-dimensional conservation equations. A thorough comparison of the dynamic performance of these three arrangements is made. It is found that the direct heat exchanger does not have any time delay between the response and the excitation function. Moreover, the phase difference between the sinusoidal excitation and response is the lowest in this case.