金刚石膜辐射探测器的研究进展

阐述了金刚石作为激发材料在辐射探测器中的应用范围,比较了硅、化学气相沉积(CVD)金刚石膜和天然金刚石作为探测器用激发材料的性能优劣,介绍了CVD金刚石膜辐射探测器的原理和结构,综述了金刚石辐射探测器的国内外研究进展,展望了CVD金刚石膜辐射探测器的应用前景.     

CVD金刚石膜高效超精密抛光技术

CVD金刚石膜作为光学透射窗口和新一代计算机芯片的材料,其表面必须得到高质量抛光,但是现存方法难以满足既高效又超精密的加工要求.本文提出机械抛光与化学机械抛光相结合的方法.首先,采用固结金刚石磨料抛光盘和游离金刚石磨料两种机械抛光方法对CVD金刚石膜进行粗加工,然后采用化学机械抛光的方法对CVD金刚石膜进行精加工.结果表明,采用游离磨料抛光时材料去除率远比固结磨料高,表面粗糙度最低达到42.2 nm.化学机械抛光方法在CVD金刚石膜的超精密抛光中表现出较大的优势,CVD金刚石膜的表面粗糙度为4.551 nm.     

金刚石涂层激光抛光机理及加工工艺研究进展

CVD金刚石涂层表面粗糙度高、颗粒大,不能满足精密和超精密加工的要求,在一定程度上制约了其发展和应用,降低CVD金刚石涂层表面粗糙度是迫切需要解决的难题.阐述了激光抛光CVD金刚石涂层机理,对比了微观抛光和宏观抛光的差异,总结了国内外激光抛光金刚石涂层研究进展,探讨了 目前激光抛光金刚石涂层的挑战和亟待解决的难点.     

大面积光学级金刚石自支撑膜制备、加工及应用

大面积光学级金刚石自支撑膜的制备和加工是近年来在CVD金刚石研究领域的最重要的技术进展之一.在军事和民用光学领域有非常重要的应用前景.本文综述了北京科技大学近年来在CVD金刚石膜光学应用领域的研究进展.给出了采用高功率直流电弧等离子体喷射(DC Arc Plasma Jet)CVD工艺制备大面积光学级金刚石自支撑膜的研究结果,并报导了对所制备的光学级金刚石自支撑膜的光学、力学(机械)、热学、微波介电性能和抗激光损伤等方面的最新研究结果.     

HFCVD法高速生长金刚石的研究进展

CVD金刚石有着接近甚至是超过天然金刚石的一些优异性能,如高机械强度、高热传导率、低摩擦系数等,使得对CVD金刚石的研究吸引着众多研究者们的不懈追求。文章就热丝CVD法(HFCVD),阐述了近几年来为了提高金刚石生长速率对传统法做出的改进以及其相应的改进后的效果,解释了这些改进对推进CVD金刚石工业化的意义并就这一方面在未来的发展作出展望。     

微波等离子体化学气相沉积——一种制备金刚石膜的理想方法

综述了微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)法制备金刚石膜技术,表明MPCVD是高速、大面积、高质量制备金刚石膜的首选方法。介绍了几种常用的MPCVD装置类型,从MPCVD装置的结构特点可以看到,用该类型装置在生长CVD金刚石膜时显示出独特的优越性和灵活性。用MPCVD法制备出的金刚石膜其性能接近甚至超过天然金刚石,并在多个领域得到广泛应用。     

工艺条件对金刚石膜红外透射率影响的研究

为了优化金刚石沉积工艺,制备高透射率的CVD金刚石薄膜,采用傅里叶红外光谱仪对不同工艺条件下制备的CVD金刚石膜的红外透射率进行了测量,分析了不同工艺条件对金刚石膜红外透射率的影响,获得了最佳沉积参数.结果表明,金刚石膜的红外透射率与工艺条件密切相关,当衬底温度为750℃,碳源体积分数为2%,压强为2.5kPa时沉积的金刚石膜红外透射率最佳.     

科学技术部《中国高新技术产业发展报告》(新材料产业部分)(五)

二、金刚石薄膜 CVD(chemical vapour deposition)金刚石具有极其优异的力学、热学、声学、光学、电学、半导体以及化学惰性等性能,作为新金刚石材料80年代问世以来,受到发达国家的高度重视,CVD金刚石技术研究得到较快发展。但是金刚石薄膜在许多领域中的应用产业化技术具有很高的难度,至今尚未真正达到产业化。我国自1987年以来,国家高技术发展计划(863)将CVD金刚石应用技术     

金刚石CVD金属化及其应用

为了提高金刚石表面浸润性和焊接性,使金刚石与胎体实现牢固冶金结合,采用金刚石化学气相沉积(CVD)表面金属化的方法来改善金刚石表面性质。通过扫描电镜和能谱分析仪对金刚石表面金属化层进行表面形貌和成分分析;同时采用金属化处理的80目金刚石、综合性能较好的球形硬质合金和低熔点合金粉末以及新型焊接用粘结剂A2B,按照一定的配比制成堆焊焊条,进行钢齿牙轮钻头材料表面堆焊强化处理和耐磨性试验研究。结果表明:①采用CVD在金刚石表面沉积一层较厚的合金层,既保证了包覆的均匀性,也可以避免金刚石的多次高温受热,降低发生金刚石石墨化的几率;②CVD金属化层组织均匀、致密,镀层主要成分为Ni元素;③含有CVD金属化金刚石的自制焊条堆焊后总磨损量仅为江钻焊条的27.27%,耐磨性能非常好;④金刚石CVD金属化能够对金刚石表面进行改性,实现金属化金刚石、硬质合金和基体之间的良好结合。     

硫化锌窗口上CVD法制备金刚石膜的研究进展

金刚石具有优异的红外透过性能,可作为硫化锌红外窗口的保护膜。但由于CVD金刚石的沉积过程会刻蚀硫化锌衬底,导致在窗口表面直接生长金刚石膜比较困难。本文主要综述了近年来通过添加过渡层沉积金刚石薄膜的方法和光学焊接金刚石厚膜的方法来增强硫化锌窗口的性能,并介绍了CVD金刚石膜的光学应用及其目前所存在的问题,最后对未来CVD金刚石膜发展的方向作出了展望。     

10 micrometer-scale SPM local oxidation lithography

10 micrometer-scale scanning probe microscopy (SPM) local oxidation lithography was performed on Si. In order to realize large-scale oxidation, an SPM tip with a contact length of 15 microm was prepared by focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching. The oxidation was carried out in contact mode operation with the contact force ranging from 0.1 to 2.1 microN. The applied bias voltage was 50 V, and scanning speed was varied from 10 to 200 microm/s. The scan length was 15 microm for one cycle. The influence of contact force on the large-scale oxidation was investigated. At high contact force, the Si oxide with good size uniformity was obtained even with high scanning speed. The SPM tip with larger contact length may increase the spatial dimensions of the water meniscus between the SPM tip and sample surface, resulting in the larger dimensions of the fabricated oxide. Furthermore, the throughput of large-scale oxidation reached about 10(3) microm2/s by controlling the scanning speed and contact force of the SPM tip. It is suggested that SPM local oxidation can be upscaled by using a SPM tip with large contact length.     

等离子表面冶金技术的现状与发展

双层辉光离子渗金属技术已成功地在普通碳钢表面形成高速钢、其中包括时效硬化高速钢、不锈钢以及镍基合金等；该技术已成功地应用于手用锯条和机用锯条，使其齿部形成高速钢，锯条不仅具有高速钢的切削性能，而且柔韧不断;钛合金表面经离子渗钼等工处理后，Ti6Al4V的耐磨性得到大幅度提高;经离子渗铌等工艺处理后，TiAl金属间化合物的抗高温氧化性能明显改善。在双层辉光离子渗金属技术的基础上，又发展了加弧辉光离子渗金属，双辉钎焊技术，双阴极辉光放电超硬薄膜合成技术，以及陶瓷表面金属化和异性材料焊接技术等。     

超浸润性金属丝网的制备及工艺优化

为拓展三维丝网的应用,强化其微结构作用效果;通过采用直接氧化法和液相、气相沉积成功制备超浸润性Cu丝网(200PPI)。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、接触角仪及高速摄像分别对丝网的结构、形貌及浸润性进行表征,并获得膜层的最佳制备工艺。结果表明:曲面丝线上的超亲水膜层呈现为单层微米尺度的刀片花结构,液滴在此表面上的铺展速率可达3.5m/s;经液相、气相沉积方法对其氟化处理后,超亲水丝网成功改性为超疏水丝网;并证明试样在96℃氧化液中氧化15min、液相沉积30min、180℃下热处理20min可获得大于150°的超疏水性能。     

C/C-SiC复合材料高温防护研究进展

C/C-SiC复合材料具有高比强度、高比模量、高热导率、低热膨胀系数和优异的高温抗氧化性能等特点,是新一代的耐高温陶瓷基复合材料,已经被广泛地用作热结构和热防护材料、制动材料以及空间光学系统零部件等。近年来,随着高超声速飞行器和返回式航天运输工具的快速发展,飞行器面临着更多的有高热流、高压气流以及高速粒子冲蚀的环境,这对C/C-SiC复合材料的高温防护技术提出了更高的要求。C/C-SiC复合材料高温防护的研究主要集中在纤维涂层改性、基体改性和高温防护涂层等3个方面,综合近几年国内外的研究报道,从上述3个方面综述了C/C-SiC复合材料高温防护技术的研究进展,总结了各种高温防护技术的制备方法,比较了3种高温防护技术的特点,最后对C/C-SiC复合材料高温防护技术的发展趋势提出了一些见解。     

Zunderverhalten und Ausscheidungshärtung von hochkarätigen Gold-Titan-Legierungen

The behaviour of oxidation and precipitation hardening of very goldrich gold-titan alloys The oxidation behavior of gold rich Au-Ti alloys with contents of titanium between 0.5 und 1.3 weight-% was investigated in synthetic and natural air in dependence on the oxidation temperature and time. A closed homogeneous layer of titanium oxid was not formed. The nucleation of TiO₂ (Rutil) starts at prefered sites (grain boundaries, structure defects) below the surface of the alloys. The precipitations grow without formation a gapless cover of the grain boundaries. Between the precipitations the concentrations of titanium and oxygen are zero. The titanium is transported out of the interior of the specimen by volume diffusion. Based on an experimentally observed linear relationship between the oxygen uptake and the oxidation time the speed constants could be determined for 750°C, 825°C and 900°C. Between the natural logarithm of the speed constant and the reciprocal temperature a linear connection exists. For this reason it is possible to calculate the kinetics by a well-defined mathematical expression for the speed constant of the titanium oxidation in dependence on the titanium content and the oxidation temperature. The connection between the speed constant and the optical outfit of the surface is illustrated. Furthermore the precipitation hardening of the alloys at temperatures between 100°C and 700°C is described. A noticable increase of the hardness is already produced at relatively low temperatures. Whith increasing temperatures the hardness maximum is shifted to shorter times. With increasing titanium content the hardness maximum increases and it is obtained after shorter times. Cold working before the ageing, raises the hardness maximum and accelerates the precipitation. The precipitations are formed to little plates with high coherency to the matrix preferentialy at the grain boundaries. X-ray analysis sensitively responds to the kinetics of precipitation and gives reliable information about the concentration variations of the matrix. The results concerning the oxidation behavior and the precipitation hardening make it possible to find the conditions of an optimized heat treatment with high hardness but without negative changes of the surface.     

Influence of microstructure and chromium content on oxidation behaviour of spin cast high speed steels

Abstract

The influence of the chromium content and of the volume fraction of primary carbides on the thermal oxidation behaviour of spin cast high speed steels and semi-high speed steels used for the production of hot mill rolls was studied at 700°C. Oxidation nucleates at the carbide–matrix interface and carbides have a higher oxidation resistance than the matrix. Moreover carbides dissolve a higher amount of chromium than the matrix. As a consequence of these effects, the oxidation rate of these steels decreases by increasing the chromium content of the matrix and by decreasing the carbide volume fraction.     

纳米Cr2O3粉体的制备及表征

以Cr（NCh）3·9H20;氨水和乙醇为原料,采用沉淀法在不同温度下合成了纳米Cr2（h粉体,并运用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射、熟重一动态差热分析、红外光谱等手段对粉体进行表征。结果表明,Cr（OH）s雀450＂C已经生成Cr2O3,经过800℃烧30min．可获得平均粒径为70-100nm的Cr2O3粉体。     

Coating of calcia-doped ceria with amorphous silica shell by seeded polymerization technique

Calcia-doped ceria is of potential interest as an ultraviolet (UV) radiation blocking material in personal care products. However, its high catalytic ability for oxidation of organic materials makes it difficult to use as a sunscreen material. Therefore, calcia-doped ceria was coated with amorphous silica by means of seeded polymerization technique in order to depress its oxidation catalytic ability. The catalytic ability as well as UV-shielding ability was investigated for coated particles.     

高速电视摄像在靶场测量系统中的应用

针对靶场传统高速摄影存在局限性,随着光电成像技术的发展及高速电视摄像在靶场应用研究的不断深入,从高速电视摄像系统的构成出发阐述其基本工作原理及主要特点。与高速摄影进行对比,介绍了高速电视摄像系统在靶场光学测量系统中的应用,其替代靶场传统的胶片式高速摄影系统,担负着获取场区设备及工作人员的安全控制信息源的重要任务。     

影响电磁约束定向生长样件表面质量的因素分析

用相机后摄记录了Ａｌ－２％Ｃｕ合金在不同工艺条件下进行电磁约束定向凝固时，在液柱头表面被氧化以及氧化皮形成皱褶的过程，并对此进行了分析。发现增大抽拉速度，减小液柱头最大工与最小厚度的幽会以及抑上电磁搅拌都能减少氧化和经皱褶的形成，最终改善表面质量。