Selective hydrogenation of oleic acid to 9-octadecen-1-ol: Catalyst preparation and optimum reaction conditions

A new catalyst, ruthenium-tin-alumina is found to selectively hydrogenate oleic acid to 9-octadecen-1-ol (oleyl + elaidyl alcohol) at low pressure with high yield. Catalyst preparation methods, catalyst raw materials and activation conditions have a significant effect on the activity of the catalyst. The optimum atomic ratio of ruthenium to tin is about 1:2. Catalyst prepared by an improved sol-gel method shows higher activity and selectivity than catalysts prepared by impregnation and coprecipitation methods. Chloride is found to have a negative effect on catalytic activity. The best catalyst is prepared from chloride-free ruthenium and tin raw materials. Under the optimum reaction conditions of 250°C and 5.6 MPa, the selectivities for 9-octadecen-1-ol and total alcohol (9-octadecen-1-ol + stearyl alcohol) formation are 80.9% and 97%, respectively, at a conversion of 81.3%.     

Selective hydrogenation of ethyl phenylacetate to 2-phenylethanol: a convenient catalyst preparation method

A ruthenium-tin-alumina catalyst, prepared by a combination of kneading and impregnation methods, which we have named the combination method, was able to selectively hydrogenate ethyl phenylacetate to 2-phenylethanol; tin oxide was used as a chloride-free tin source. For this combination catalyst, the optimum atomic ratio for Ru: Sn was found to be 1 4. X-ray diffraction measurements showed the presence of tin particles. It appeared that the number of the tin particles had a large effect on the hydrogenation of C=O groups. However, the catalyst prepared with ruthenium oxide had a low activity, possibly owing to the ruthenium metal or ruthenium-tin alloy, which was formed and which obstructed the reaction.     

Co-MOFs固载杂多酸的制备及催化性能研究

以磷钨杂多酸(HPAs)、金属-有机骨架Co-MOFs(Co3(BTC)2?12H2O)为原料,采用浸渍方法制备了HPAs/Co-MOFs催化剂。对得到的催化剂进行了XRD和FT-IR表征,并研究了该催化剂对乙酸异戊酯合成的催化性能。结果表明,在最佳条件下酯产率可达75.3%,且该催化剂可重复使用。     

磷钨杂多酸掺杂聚苯胺催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

采用浸渍法制备的磷钨杂多酸掺杂聚苯胺H3PW12O40/PAn作催化剂,通过环己酮和乙二醇为原料合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮,探讨了磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂对缩酮反应的催化活性,系统地研究了原料量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,在n环己酮∶n乙二醇=1∶1.5(物质的量比),催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.25%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0 h的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达80.4%。     

过渡金属氧化物催化剂对丙酮氧化的催化性能

以氧氯化锆和过渡金属硝酸盐为原料,溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化锆载体,采用溶液浸渍法制备出负载型纳米复合氧化物催化剂。对过渡金属氧化物(Mn、Ni、Cu、Fe和Co)催化剂进行初步筛选,其中Mn₂O₃/ZrO₂催化活性最佳。考察了活性组分含量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间等对催化剂催化活性的影响。催化剂的最佳制备条件：锰负载量为6%,450 ℃焙烧6 h。丙酮的转化率达62%。通过TEM、SEM、XRD和TG-DTA对催化剂结构进行了表征。结果显示,催化剂颗粒均匀,大小约为20 nm;无定形的Mn2O3是催化剂的活性中心。     

臭氧催化氧化深度处理炼油废水催化剂的开发

以金属硝酸盐为原料,采用等体积浸渍法制备了CuMnCo/γ - Al2O3催化剂,通过臭氧催化氧化中试试验装置,对炼油厂废水的二级处理出水进行深度研究.累计1000h的反应结果表明,在保证出口COD为100 mg·L-1以下,炼油废水的CODCr平均去除率达到60.3％.通过物理吸附、热重-差热、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和...     

Ni-W/SSY催化裂化生物正构烷烃制备航空燃料

以超稳SSY分子筛负载Ni-W制得加氢裂化催化剂,用于加氢裂化生物正构烷烃(C16、C18),得到以煤油和汽油为主的液体生物燃料,可以提高中油组分收率。通过氮气物理吸附,扫描电镜(SEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对催化剂进行了表征。在微型固定床连续加氢裂化反应器上,考察了反应条件对单程转化率和煤油/汽油质量比的影响规律。结果表明:255℃、1.0 MPa、质量空速为0.33 h-1、氢油比为4 000:1的反应条件下,单程转化率达到60%以上,煤油与汽油质量比超过2.0。Ni-W/SSY催化剂活性高,可以用于长链烷烃加氢裂化制备煤油组分为主的液体燃料。     

Co/Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂制备及其性能

以钴盐为主催化剂,以铜盐为助催化剂,采用等体积浸渍法,以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,制备了Co/Cu/γ/-Al_2O_3催化剂,以对甲酚为原料对催化活性进行测试,并采用XRD、FT—IR、XPS和BET表征方法对催化剂的晶体结构、表面电子状态和比表面积进行表征,研究各种因素对催化活性的影响。结果表明,Co_3O_4为催化剂的活性组分,催化剂中活性组分未与载体发生强烈的相互作用,且其比表面积最大,有利于活性组分的分散。Co/Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂最佳制备条件为:Co与Cu物质的量比为5:1,浸渍液质量浓度为6%,焙烧温度400℃,对羟基苯甲醛收率为41.5%。     

负载金属氧化物WO3／ZrO2固体超强酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

研究了以采用超声浸渍法制备的负载金属氧化物固体超强酸WO3／ZrO2为催化剂,用邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇为原料合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,考察了反应条件对该反应的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件为：酐醇物质的量比1：3．0,催化剂用量占反应物总质量的2．0％,反应时间3h,反应温度150℃。在此条件下酯收率达95．75％以上;经过后处理,产品纯度可达99．65％,其折光率（n20d）为1．4896,与文献值一致;该催化剂不仅具有反应活性高,而且重复使用性好,可代替硫酸用于该类反应。具有较好的工业应用前景。     

负载型Cu_2O/MgO催化剂制备及催化正己醇脱氢制备正己醛

以氧化镁粉末为载体,N2H4·H2O为还原剂,采用浸渍还原法制备Cu2O/MgO催化剂。考察制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,最佳原料配比为n(Cu2+)∶n(NaOH)∶n(N2H4·H2O)=5∶11∶5,对筛选出最佳条件下制备的催化剂进行正己醇脱氢制备正己醛工艺条件考察,采用SEM、XRD和BET对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,在反应温度250℃、空速1.25 m L·(h·g)-1、催化剂用量12 g和N2流速0.05 L·min-1条件下,正己醇转化率为59.33%,正己醛选择性为93.81%。     

水热改性SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化剂的制备及其对酯化反应的催化性能

通过水热改性氢氧化锆制备了SO42-/ZrO2固体酸催化剂。以冰乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应为探针反应,确定了固体超强酸的最佳制备条件。分别考察了浸渍硫酸浓度、硫酸浸渍时间和焙烧温度等对催化活性的影响。并以水热改性和未经水热改性氢氧化锆制备SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸做了对比实验,采用XRD、BET对催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明:水热改性氢氧化锆制备SO42-/ZrO2固体酸催化剂的最佳条件是:浸渍硫酸浓度为0.5mol/L,浸渍时间是120 m in,焙烧温度500℃。乙酸正丁酯较佳的合成工艺条件是:反应温度105~110℃,反应时间2 h,n(正丁醇)∶n(冰乙酸)=2∶1,催化剂用量占反应投料总质量的0.27%,冰乙酸的酯化率达99.1%。催化剂重复使用4次后催化活性降低5%。     

SO4^2—／ZrO2—SiO2超强酸催化剂的制备及催化合成丁酸异戊酯的研究

以硝酸锆为主要原料,采用酸浸渍法制得SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2固体超强酸,对主要影响其催化活性的焙烧温度进行了考察,并将制得的SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2作催化剂,合成了丁酸异戊酯,确定了最佳工艺条件。实验表明制得的该催化剂具有较高的催化活性,用其催化合成丁酸异戊酯其收率达93％。     

Biodiesel production from soybean oil using modified calcium loaded on rice husk activated carbon as a low-cost basic catalyst

Activated carbon was obtained by hydrothermal process using rice husk as raw materials. The study in our lab had been developed to produce high-quality biodiesel from soybean oil with the activated carbon-base catalyst. The polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) modified calcium loaded on the rice husk activated carbon (CaO/AC) catalyst was prepared via the dipping method and then was used as a heterogeneous solid-base catalyst to produce biodiesel. The effects of CaO/AC ratio and calcination time on catalytic performance were researched according to the yield of biodiesel, and the optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel from soybean oil via PEG 400–modified CaO/AC catalyst were evaluated. The results showed that the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) achieved 93.01% at the reaction temperature of 342 K, methanol/oil molar ratio of 10:1, and reaction time of 6 h. All in all, modified CaO/AC catalyst showed very high activity for transesterification of soybean oil and had catalytic repeated availability.     

Catalytic combustion of methane over supported bimetallic Pd catalysts: Effects of Ru or Rh addition

A series of Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts with various amounts of Ru or Rh with, and/or without, BaO were prepared by successive incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were investigated for the catalytic methane combustion before, and after, H₂S poisoning in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The addition of ruthenium enhanced the catalytic activity for methane oxidation even after H₂S poisoning while maintaining the initial catalytic activity of the fresh catalyst. These results are explained in terms of dispersion of palladium by ruthenium and poisoning resistance of ruthenium. The addition of rhodium did not improve the overall activity in methane oxidation.     

负载型杂多酸制备及对苯羟基化反应的活性研究

采用浸渍法和回流吸附法在γ-Al₂O₃、NaX型分子筛、TiO₂、SiO₂和椰壳活性炭载体上制备7种负载型杂多酸催化剂,并对催化苯羟基化制苯酚的反应活性进行研究。结果表明,制备的负载型杂多酸催化剂具有催化活性,且催化活性与负载方式和载体的种类有关,椰壳活性炭是硅钼钒杂多酸最好的载体,负载率达16.3%,苯酚收率7.4%,苯酚选择性97.1%。     

固体超强酸催化降解废旧聚丙烯制燃料油的研究

以S2O8^2-／ZrO2-TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂催化降解聚丙烯,考察了催化利制备条件对催化剂性能的影响,以及催化剂用量与裂解反应温度等因素对催化裂解反应的影响。实验结果表明：催化剂制备条件为焙烧温度为500℃、焙烧时间为3h,裂解反应条件为催化剂用量为聚丙烯总量的2.0％、反应温度为400℃时,液体产物收率可达87.5％。     

Pt/Pt-Ce/γ-Al2O3催化氧化甲苯研究

通过等体积浸渍法制备单贵金属Pt/γ-Al₂O₃和双金属Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察Ce对催化剂活性的影响,确定催化剂最优配比。结果表明,当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.5%时,Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化活性最高;当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.2%,Ce的负载量为质量分数1.0%时,Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性最高。Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的甲苯转化率高于Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。随着Pt负载量增大,催化剂孔容、孔径减小。粉体式催化剂性能优于整体式催化剂,但差别不大;Ce的添加有助于催化剂活性的提升。     

废轮胎热解炭低温催化焦油重整制备富氢气体的研究

以全钢型废旧轮胎为原料,通过热解、活化、浸渍、焙烧的流程制备了三种热解炭催化剂,分别为轮胎热解炭（Raw char）、轮胎热解活性炭（AC）和负载Zn的活性炭（Zn/AC）。采用N₂吸/脱附、SEM、EDS、XRD等表征方法对催化剂进行了一系列表征和分析,发现CO₂/H₂O活化可显著提高催化剂BET比表面积,最高可达380 m²·g^-1,有效改善催化剂表面结构性质,同时浸渍法使催化剂表面负载大量ZnO活性位。对三种催化剂在纤维素热解焦油重整制氢过程中的催化性能进行了研究,发现Raw char（600℃）具有最佳催化效果,相较于空白组（500℃）,热解气中H₂体积分数提高了12.4%,达到19.3%,其次为Zn/AC（500℃）组的17.8%,实现了低温下催化纤维素焦油热解制得高产率H₂。     

助剂对莫西沙星侧链合成用钯炭催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备不同助剂的钯炭催化剂,考察不同金属硝酸盐、酸根离子和甲酸镍用量对莫西沙星侧链合成用钯炭催化剂的影响。结果表明,助剂镍能够提高催化剂催化活性,助剂甲酸镍用量为钯物质的量的15%时,产物收率达96%。不同酸根离子对催化剂催化活性产生一定影响。     

乙炔氢氯化反应用无汞催化剂的制备及优化

以活性炭为载体、氯金酸和氯化亚铜为活性组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备无汞催化剂,在固定床反应器上评价该催化剂的催化活性。通过添加氯化锡、氯化铋和氯化铈等助剂制备多组分无汞催化剂,考察多组分催化剂的催化性能,结果表明,添加辅助组分与助剂可以显著提高无汞催化剂催化活性。使用正交法筛选出AuCl_3-CuCl-SnCl_4-BiCl_3-CeCl_3/C催化剂,乙炔转化率达90. 8%,氯乙烯选择性为99. 6%,最佳质量配比为2%AuCl_3/21%CuCl/9%SnCl_4/4%BiCl_3/2%CeCl_3。并对其工艺条件进行研究,结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度140℃,进料比V(HCl)∶V(C_2H_2)=1. 05,活化时间80 min。