台湾合纤原料生产情况

近十多年来台湾的石油化工生产迅速发展,为台湾的合纤工业提供了大量的原料.目前台湾的合纤工业的原料主要有PTA(纯对苯二甲酸)、DMT(对苯二甲酸二甲酯)、EG(乙二醇)、CPL(己内酰胺)、AN(丙烯腈)等五种。其中除了纯对苯二甲酸和己内酰胺目前不能全部自给尚需部分进口外,其余化纤原料如对苯二甲酸二甲酯、乙二醇和丙烯腈的产量均能满足台湾合纤工业的需要,並能有所出口.详见表1.     

α-生育酚油酸酯的合成及结构表征

以α-生育酚和油酸为原料,三乙胺为催化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,氮气保护,催化剂用量5%(以α-生育酚计)、原料配比2.5:1(油酸酰氯与α-生育酚的摩尔比)、反应温度45℃、反应时间5h,合成了α-生育酚油酸酯,经减压蒸馏产率达96%以上.运用紫外光谱、红外光谱、质谱、1H-NMR和13C-NMR表征了合成产物的结构.     

蟹黄调味酱加工工艺及其微生物污染分析

以蟹黄、蟹肉、鸭蛋黄和棕榈油为主要原料,开发中华绒螯蟹蟹黄调味酱。首先确立了蟹黄酱加工的基本工艺流程,然后通过单因素和正交实验优化了酱的配方,最后,分析了蟹黄酱加工的主要原料、半成品及关键加工设备的菌落总数,以评估工艺流程的微生物污染情况。蟹黄调味酱的主要工艺为原料解冻(4℃,12 h)、混合搅拌(3 500 r/min,2 min)、蒸煮(100℃,10 min)、炒酱(120℃,10 min)、灌装、排气(95℃,5 min)和杀菌(95℃,20 min),优化得到的配方为:以冷冻蟹黄质量为100%计,咸蛋黄50%,白砂糖1. 5%,食盐3. 5%,棕榈油125%、蟹肉15%、白胡椒粉0. 5%、生姜粉0. 25%、食醋10%、料酒8%、味精0. 6%、琥珀酸二钠0. 3%。该条件下产品色泽金黄,组织状态均匀,香气浓郁协调,滋味醇厚鲜美。加工过程菌落总数检测表明,原料在混合、蒸煮、炒制、灌装、杀菌过程中的菌落总数分别为(5. 60±0. 10)、(3. 01±0. 02)、小于1. 0、(2. 28±0. 18)、小于1. 0lg(CFU/g)。使用该工艺可制备得到蟹黄调味酱,原料本身、混合搅拌以及灌装是污染微生物的主要环节,炒酱和杀菌是控制微生物的关键工序。     

大麻/棉混纺气流纱的研试

从1982年起,我们采用云南省的大麻原料,经生物-化学联合脱胶工艺处理得到的棉型大麻纤维作为纺纱原料,按麻/棉(60/40)投料,生产了一定批量的气流混纺纱。一、麻棉纤维基本特征与原料预处理 1.麻、棉纤维基本特征(表1、表2)     

低盐固态发酵工艺中有关发酵计算的探讨

低盐固态酿造酱油,从原料处理、制曲、发酵到滤油等整个生产过程中,掌握有关的生产数据和计算方法,对于加强工艺和技术管理有一定的指导作用. 一、原料处理过程有关的计算1.曲料重量的计算掌握曲料重量的大小(和曲料的比重)可以计算或设计曲池的大小规格,曲房面积等. 曲料重量(公斤)=(原料投料量-原料含水量)/(1-曲料水份%) 例如,投混合料5,400公斤,混合料含水量(应实测)按10%计算,蒸熟曲料含水量(应实测)按46%计算,求曲料重量。     

冬瓜酱加工工艺

一、材料、用具 冬瓜、白糖、柠檬酸,电饭锅(或铝锅)、刨刀或菜刀。 二、操做方法 1.原料选择: 一般采用新鲜、完态、肉质紧密肥厚,成熟度较高的原料。 2.原料处理 (1) 刨皮与切分 先将瓜表面泥尘洗净,用刨刀刨去瓜皮,切成四块,除去瓜瓤和种子,再将每块瓜肉     

特种纸的纤维原料

1简述 特种纸制造时所采用的原料很多,但从原则上讲,主要有以下六大类: (1)植物纤维原料.如化学木浆、棉浆、麻浆、精制浆等.为确保产品质量,尽量不用机械木浆和低质量的草浆.     

关于发布《保健食品原料目录(一)》和《允许保健食品声称的保健功能目录(一)》的公告

正 2016年第205号根据《中华人民共和国食品安全法》有关规定,国家食品药品监督管理总局会同国家卫生计生委和国家中医药管理局制定了《保健食品原料目录(一)》和《允许保健食品声称的保健功能目录(一)》,现予发布。特此公告。附件:1.保健食品原料目录(一)2.允许保健食品声称的保健功能目录(一)     

大锅做菜技巧漫谈——洗涤

洗涤,就是将烹饪原料放在不同温度的水中,将其表面的污秽、泥土、虫卵等洗净,并符合卫生要求。因此,谈大锅做菜技巧,就不能不谈烹饪原料的洗涤。 现将各种烹饪原料归纳成“蔬菜类原料”、“畜禽类原料”、“水产类原料”三类,分述如下: 1.蔬菜类原料的洗涤方法: (1)冷水洗。就是用冷水(也称清水)洗     

啤酒讲座(四) 第三讲 麦汁制造工艺(上)

第三讲麦汁制造工程(上) 麦汁制造工程,又称糖化工程,它的工艺过程分为原料粉碎、麦汁的制造、添加酒花和麦汁处理。一原料粉碎原料麦芽和麦芽辅助原料,在进行糖化前需要粉碎,是糖化工艺操作的主要部分。粉碎质量对糖化时的生物化学变化、麦汁的组成比例和原料利用率的高低都是非常重要的。 1.粉碎的目的 (1)增加原料与水的接触面积麦芽辅助原料颗粒较硬,与水的接触面积较小;     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the