High Potential

This paper discusses the need for a skills development infrastructure that allows workers to overcome the many challenges that arise when organizations implement lean techniques. This infrastructure needs to focus on helping the workers meet their personal and team objectives and not be limited to standardized training approaches. To avoid wasting valuable capability building effort, attention must be given to ensure that all training and development activities match the real demands of the organization. This may require staff to be reallocated to roles that more closely fit their skill profiles. To develop new capabilities in existing staff, however, the creation of "pull" demand is a pre-requisite. This paper describes six techniques to create pull for new skills within an organization. By putting the right structures and mechanisms in place to recognize the required capabilities, identify gaps in the workforce capabilities, and create demand for the closing of those gaps, lean organizations can build an infrastructure that can fulfil that demand in a sustainable way across the organization     

被动式建筑热环境调节策略分析——2013年中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛评述

热环境调节策略是创造舒适建筑环境的关键所在,也是建筑节能设计的重点.以2013年中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛（SDC2013）中的零能耗太阳能住宅建筑为例,对各参赛建筑中较为新颖的被动式热环境调节策略进行分析,剖析其技术特点,探讨太阳能住宅中热环境调节的新技术及其应用方法,希冀对当代绿色建筑设计起到借鉴作用.     

节能建筑施工技术的分析和研究

简要分析了我国能源发展存在的问题,并针对节能建筑施工技术的现状,探讨了节能建筑施工的一般要求,详细阐述了节能建筑施工技术措施,以期创造出质量优、节能好的建筑,为人们提供优良的生活环境。     

桃花源别墅，杭州，中国，（可行性研究）

这栋新别墅由两个体块组成,它们延续了基地的主要轴线以及现存建筑的两个庭院。独立的单层建筑体块具有单坡屋顶,它们的建筑组合呈现了一种由小体块构成的外观。它幽雅地将新建筑插入其自然环境和建成环境当中。新建筑向外延伸到水面,并以此创造了向外界开敞的内部空间。相对而言,起居空间起到联结作用,使其融入到整体的和谐之中。内部的组织对应了建筑的轴     

浅谈建筑的可持续发展

论证了人、建筑、生态环境三者之间建立和谐统一关系的必要性，从建筑节能、建筑材料、水资源及垃圾的处理回收多方面介绍了使三者协调发展的措施，从而创造一个可持续发展的建筑环境。     

崇明生态人居关键技术集成与示范

在崇明生态岛的建设中,生态人居是其中重要的组成部分。崇明生态人居关键技术集成与示范楼的建设,是以生态性能为主旨,通过合理的规划布局,建筑设计和建筑技术手段的采用,在建筑全生命周期内降低资源和能源的消耗,减少废弃物的产生和对生态环境的破坏,并强调社区自组织和自调控能力,为使用者提供健康、舒适的生活环境。     

城市规模的建筑能耗研究综述

城镇化速度的加快导致城市建筑能耗的快速增加,因此,城市规模的建筑能耗研究得到人们更多的关注。综述了国内外城市规模的建筑能耗研究现状。首先讨论城市建筑能耗分析与单体建筑能耗分析的差异,主要从4个方面论述,包括如何在城市环境中定义单体建筑、能耗数据获取、单体与群体建筑负荷差异、城市建筑之间的相互作用。然后将先前研究根据3个标准分类,分别是空间规模、建筑类型、能耗模型。综述表明,与城市规模的交通能耗研究相比,建筑能耗研究还处于非常初级的阶段,主要原因是缺少城市规模的群体建筑信息和能耗数据。同时,城市地理信息系统(GIS)的完善和新型统计学方法如贝叶斯和空间分析方法的出现,为城市规模建筑能耗的研究提供了新的机遇。     

河北勘察院综合楼建筑节能设计探讨

从整体、全面综合的角度出发，介绍了河北勘察院综合楼各部位的节能措施，采用先进的设计理念，创造了富有节约能源和内涵的建筑内外环境，并采用新材料减少热量的吸收，以创造一个舒适宜人的工作环境。     

Study of thermal environment inside rural houses of Navapalos (Spain): The advantages of reuse buildings of high thermal inertia

The main purpose of a residential building is to provide a comfortable environment for human activities. Nowadays this objective is the responsible for the consumption of more than 40% of total energy demand in European Union. The construction sector in Spain has been in rapid growth in the last decades, yet there exists many abandoned buildings in rural areas. In this article we try to analyze the environmental advantages of reuse abandoned rural buildings. Due to their thick exterior walls of high thermal inertia, the indoor environment inside them can be comfortable with less energy consumption than new buildings. Here we show the monitoring results of three different houses, two traditional and one modern building, constructed of different building materials. The aim of this work is to analyze and compare the thermal behaviour of existing constructive solutions in a Spanish district, not to improve them. The field test results show better indoor conditions inside the traditional houses. In summer, thermal comfort is achieved with no energy supply inside traditional houses but not inside the modern one. In winter, the indoor environment is more stable inside the traditional houses, however none of them were able to provide thermal comfort naturally. In the case studied, the only inhabitant of a small village lives in a prefabricated wooden house, and it is demonstrated that the indoor conditions of traditional houses in the same location are of higher quality.     

建筑环境与能源应用工程 专业现代高素质人才培养探讨 ——以南京工业大学为例

回顾建筑环境与能源应用工程专业人才培养的历程,分析现代建筑业发展对建筑环境与能源应用工程专业高素质人才培养的需求,探讨面向未来建筑环境与能源应用工程专业高素质人才应具备的能力,提出建筑环境与能源应用工程专业高素质人才培养的有效举措。分析建筑环境与能源应用工程专业加强专业宣传的重要性,并提出强化专业宣传的方法与途径。论述专业教学理念应由知识传授转变为学生能力培养。阐明将大数据等创新技术纳入人才培养体系的必要性,提出利用互联网教学软件解决各课程之间知识点交叉衔接的问题。阐述构建完善的专业实训教学及创新创业训练体系在人才培养中的作用,提出以毕业设计为抓手,分层次多方案培养学生解决复杂工程问题的能力。     

Assessing overall building energy performance of a large population of residential single-family homes using limited field data

Building energy simulation plays a significant role in building design and retrofit. Most applications deal with individual buildings which allow for the specification of detailed model inputs. However, building energy simulation can be a powerful tool for assessing energy performance even when comprehensive building characteristics are unavailable. In this study, limited field data were collected on randomly selected new homes in eight US states with a goal of evaluating energy code compliance and energy savings potential. The limited data do not allow the derivation of comprehensive model inputs for each individual home sampled, let alone for the entire unknown residential construction stock. Therefore, we used prototype buildings to construct a large number of models and utilized bootstrap sampling to draw inputs from the limited data. This research demonstrates that overall energy performance of a large population of new homes can be assessed by the novel framework, given limited data.     

Knowledge-assisted BIM-based visual analytics for failure root cause detection in facilities management

Facilities managers need to identify failure cause–effect patterns in order to prepare corrective and preventive maintenance plans. This task is difficult because of the complex interaction and interdependencies between different building components. Standardization based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides new opportunities to improve the efficiency of facilities management (FM) operations by sharing and exchanging building information between different applications throughout the lifecycle of the facilities. This paper aims to utilize BIM visualization capabilities to provide FM technicians with visualizations that allow them to utilize their cognitive and perceptual reasoning for problem solving. It investigates a knowledge-assisted BIM-based visual analytics approach for failure root-cause detection in FM. For this purpose, the inspection and maintenance data of Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) are integrated with a BIM. Moreover, various sources of building knowledge such as fault trees and relationships between components are formally represented. These resources are used to create custom visualizations through an interactive user interface which helps in exploiting the heuristic problem solving ability of field experts to find root causes of failures in a building.     

新农村建设中的场地设计＊--以宁夏隆德为例

建筑场地设计得当与否会直接影响节能建筑的效果,同时,对使用者的舒适以及建筑的性能也有着重要的影响。基于山区新农村建设的现状,选取六盘山地区的水磨村为研究对象,通过实地调研和实测,结合当地地形特点及气候条件,按照社会主义新农村建设要求和因地制宜、创新完善的设计原则,提出适应六盘山地区新农村建设中场地的选择方案,为广大农村群众营造更加和谐舒适、生态节能的生活环境,并为其他山区的新农村建设中场地的选择提供指导和参考。     

Energy-efficient envelope design for high-rise apartments

The energy required to create a comfortable living environment in high-density cities in hot and humid climates usually demands a substantial electricity usage with an associated environmental burden. This paper describes an integrated passive design approach to reduce the cooling requirement for high-rise apartments through an improved building envelope design. The results show that a saving of 31.4% in annual required cooling energy and 36.8% in the peak cooling load for the BASECASE apartment can be achieved with this approach. However, all the passive strategies have marginal effect on latent cooling load, often less than 1%.     

Co-simulation between ESP-r and TRNSYS

The quest for innovative architectural designs and the development of novel and integrated energy conversion, storage, and distribution technologies presents a challenge for existing building performance simulation (BPS) tools. No single BPS tool offers sufficient capabilities and the flexibility to resolve all the possible design variants of interest. The development of a co-simulation between the ESP-r and TRNSYS simulation tools has been accomplished to address this need by enabling an integrated simulation approach that rigorously treats both building physics and energy systems. The design, verification, and demonstration of this new co-simulation environment are demonstrated in this paper.     

打造绿色建筑 提高人居品质

针对目前山西居住环境现状,分析了导致既有建筑严重不符合现行节能标准的原因,具体阐述了建造绿色建筑的方法及要点,包括新建建筑物的规划设计和既有建筑物的改造两方面内容,以实现节能,减排,创造绿色住宅小区。     

从过程洞察灵活性——回首25年前的房屋项目

二战以后,丹麦常用的建筑方法是带有十字承重墙的多层建筑,但该设计体系并不能很好地适应其后的建筑改造。因此丹麦住房与建设署于1983年颁布了条例来鼓励3～5层的非营利性住房的技术革新,以适应未来新的用户需求,增加建筑的灵活性。2012年春天,丹麦科技大学DTU管理学院创新性地开展了一个评估工作,目的是研究在25年的建筑发展中原始竞赛作品中的创意是如何实现的。本文采用的数据取自始建于20世纪80年代的15个居民区里的1000～1200个公寓房。本文基于评估得到的临时结果包括在建筑规划和施工阶段把建筑的持续改变能力做到最出色的前6位方案。     

建筑节能的数字化设计程式

数字化设计技术是实现建筑节能设计的关键技术,建筑节能设计关键是面向设计过程、动态平衡与能耗构成分析。在建筑设计方案设计前期,通过数字化技术定量化分析当地气候、地形等因子, 建立“虚拟建筑”模拟建筑物使用情况,实现对建筑设计方案中的关键问题进行科学定量分析,从而达到及时优化设计方案,科学指导节能设计的目的;同时,通过研究探索出基于数字化技术的建筑节能设计程式,以适应在新的时代背景下对建筑节能设计提出的更高要求。     

面向智能建造的多专业实训教学体系重构路径

培养智能建造工程人才,需要优化实训教学体系。建筑行业正在经历整体转型,一是从人力稀缺导出建筑工业化、二是从管道产品转向零部件产品、三是从一次交讫转为全周期运维;与此对应,土建工程师的适岗能力也有新诉求,尤其是应用型人才的工程能力、建筑工业化的协作能力和产品服务化的数据能力。应用系统动力学理论,解析实训教学与技能习得两大变量之间的因果链、增强回路、调节回路和反馈机制,研究结果表明:地方高校土建类专业可以从设计教学语境、人机交互平台和产教融合课程三个方面优化实训要素的连接关系,重构多专业全周期实训教学体系,契合智能建造人才需求。     

虚拟施工的BIM应用:三大高校合作项目

越来越多的设施业主要求项目组移交竣工BIM模型,以便用于建筑的运营和维护。根据项目要求的不同,业主可能将竣工模型建立与移交的责任指派给总承包商。因此,施工队伍的各成员不但越来越需要熟悉BIM建模软件的应用,还需熟悉利用可靠的设施信息支持完整BIM的必要业务流程。竣TBIM模型的创建,要求承包商首先要基于建筑师、工程师和顾问等设计师所提供的图纸和信息的基础上,创建建筑,结构和设备模型。这要求承包商的组织机构内要有一名人员具备各与专业设计模型相关的技能和知识。一旦设计模型被创建(或重新创建),承包商可将这些模型用于开发施工用的BIM模型。一个完整的施工模型通常包括:成本估算,施工进度计划、冲突检测与分析以及现场物流。业主对设施管理用竣工模型提出新增要求,包括添加运营和维护用的具体数据。本文所述项目旨在为了更好地了解,在为业主实施BIM的项目上,承包商对项目所起作用的复杂性。为实现此目标,三所大学合作建立了数个校际团队,从每所学校各抽调一名学生分配至三个团队的一个,充当BIM商业建筑项目BIM应用里的承包商角色。本文从两个方面汇报项目的挑战和细节:导师——项目组织、学习目标和策略,学生——项目组织、团队合作过程以及策略。