Beta vulgaris L.和 Beta野生种的种间杂交

绪言受农业部的派遣,1925年沿着法国西部和南部海岸,英国东南部海岸以及靠波河河口附近的意大利海岸搜集 Beta maritima-L.。出发搜集标本前,在法国巴黎植物园的自然历史博物馆研究了 Beta 属的搜集方法,并在英国伦敦西郊的 Kew 国立植物园植物标本室进行研究。我的注意力集中在B.maritima.英国植物园的甜菜普遍受褐斑     

发酵盐浓度对Chlorella vulgaris生物合成蛋白与油脂的影响

实验室条件下,考察了发酵过程中不同盐度对小球藻细胞生长、蛋白及油脂含量的影响,结果表明:培养时间为144h,小球藻在无NaCl培养基中生长最佳,其细胞干重、光合色素含量、比生长速率和最大生产强度分别为0.750g· L-1、39.50mg· g-1、0.225d-1和0.125g·L-1·d-1,且氮磷利用率高分别为96.4％及93.5％,其消耗效率分别为9.10、0.71mg·L--1d-1,藻蛋白含量也最高为55.0％(W),其生产效率为68.40mg· L-1· d-1;而藻细胞培养在2.5％ NaCl浓度下,在96h脯氨酸含量达最高为2.25％(W),最高与最低值之比超过20.0;小球藻培养在含2.5％ NaC1培养基中,在144h油脂含量最高达15.5％(W),其生产效率为16.10mg·L-1·d-1.NaCl浓度不仅影响小球藻细胞对氮磷等营养的吸收,而且对生物量、蛋白质、脯氨酸及油脂等细胞组分的生物合成具有明显影响.藉此,提出了通过改变盐浓度,达到调控小球藻胞内生理代谢组分的可行性.     

甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)愈伤组织的创造

绪言在农作物的组织培养中,用菸草(Nic—otiana tabacum)来培养单倍体以及用原生质融合和植株再生的体细胞杂交来培养单倍体已引起育种工作者的很大关注。有几个植物属已创造了单倍体,在其他植物属已确定了组织培养创造单倍体。     

Bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have similar high antioxidant capacity,in vitro inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase while diverse phenolic composition and concentration

Common beans are a good source of essential nutrients such as protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals; they also contain phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals. Phenolic compounds exhibit high antioxidant capacity that promotes health benefits by reducing oxidative stress. The objective was to compare the composition and quantity of anthocyanins and other non-colored phenolic compounds in fifteen improved bean cultivars from Mexico and Brazil and their relation to antioxidant capacity and enzymes related to type-2 diabetes. Samples were analyzed for total phenolic compounds (TP), flavonoids, antioxidant capacity (AC), tannins and total anthocyanins. Type and quantity were evaluated by HPLC-ESI-MS. Delphinidin glucoside (0.9–129.0 mg/100 g dry coat), petunidin glucoside (0.7–115.0 mg/100 g dry coat) and malvidin glucoside (0.14–52.0 mg/100 g dry coat). Anthocyanidins were positively correlated when quantified by HPLC and colorimetric analysis (R = 0.99). Cultivar Negro-Otomi presented the highest concentration of anthocyanins (250 mg/100 g dry coat). Seventeen non-colored phenolic compounds were identified among cultivars; catechin, myricetin 3-O-arabinoside, epicatechin, vanillic acid, syringic acid and o-coumaric acid, presented the highest concentrations among identified phenolic compounds. The AC of all fifteen bean cultivars did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) ranging from 185.2 (FM-67) to 233.9 (FM-199) mmol TE/g coat. Compounds in the coat extracts of pinto and black cultivars were the most efficient to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Studied cultivars differed in composition and concentration of phenolics including anthocyanins; however, there was no effect on AC as measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Black beans contained delphinidin and ferulic acid, compounds commonly used as ingredients in functional foods due to their associated health benefits.     

甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)雄性不育细胞质遗传效应的研究

本试验研究了甜菜雄性不育系735—66A 和1033A 中的不育胞质对子一代7个性状的影响。初步结果表明735—66A 的不育胞质对子一代的株高、含糖率有显著的负效应,对其它性状的影响不显著;1033A 的不育胞质只对株高有显著的负效应。甜菜不育胞质(?)负效应是胞核基因、胞质基因和环境因子共同作用的结果。配制雄性不育杂交种时应选择具有最佳胞质的不育系和育种值高的授粉者,以避免和抵消不育胞质的负效应。     

甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)组织培养连续形成芽的方法

用含有不同生长调节物质(BAP 和 NAA—0.08至8.0毫克/升)的培养基,证实了 BAP 是引起从品种“9m-2n 1973”原始茎端分离获得再次培养的营养芽基部产生许多新的“daugther”芽的一个重要因子(种类 B_6 0.5毫克/升 BAP 0.01升克毫/升GA)。每一个试管内平均有20—25个芽,这就可能在数月内迅速而有效的繁殖一种类型。     

Biological importance of γ-glutamyl-S-methylcysteine of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The effects of S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMC) on growth and food intake by rats were investigated and in vivo absorption studies of gamma-glutamyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine and free SMC were performed. The results showed that the peptide is slowly absorbed and only free SMC could be detected in the blood. The diets (10% casein), containing SMC, depressed food intake and animals’ growth. Both effects were proportional to the SMC contents in the diets. The results obtained with pair-fed groups led to the conclusion that the depression in growth was caused by the refusal of the SMC diets. The addition of cystine to the SMC diet only partially restored normal growth. Histological examination of livers, kidneys and spleens of rats fed with SMC showed no tissue alterations, except for a significant increase in the kidney weights. The hematological features did not show any significant differences, but there was a slight increase in erythroid precursors and young forms in the bone marrow, which might indicate an increased erythrocyte turnover. These results suggest that the reduction in food intake could be associated with some defence mechanism against toxic substances.     

糖甜菜(Beta vulgaris.L.)体细胞减数分裂形态的初步观察

体细胞减数分裂,在许多动植物中已有报道。紫万年青、葱属、大麦、棉花和玉米等,在根尖组织,或珠心组织,或胚乳发现了减数分裂。幼蚊的回肠、哺乳类动物的肿瘤病变组织也发现减数分裂。因比体细胞减数分裂被认为是自然界普遍存在的一种现象。在低温、核酸钠盐、某些氨基酸以及如秋水仙碱等作用下,体细胞减数分裂频率有增长的趋势。我国学者郑国锠等分别对紫万年青、水稻、玉米等减数分裂做过观察和研究。甜菜物种和糖甜菜品种中,存在着二倍体、三倍体、四倍体不同倍数性的材料,对研究体细胞减数分裂应是适宜的。但这方面的研究,我们尚未见到报道,本文仅就二倍体糖甜菜体细胞减数分裂的一般形态,提出初步观察的报告。     

从Patellares组的Beta种把外来的染色单体加入Beta vulgaris

作为抗甜菜根线虫(Heterodera schachtii)基因渗入来源的产生本试验是添加染色体,从野生甜菜Patellares组的种Beta(B.procumbens,B.webbiana种B.patellaris)和把根线虫的抗性带入B.vulgaris的染色体组。初步试验指出,叶用型的B.vulgaris栽培种和野生种之间的杂交比糖用型和饲料型甜菜平均产     

金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris生物量和总脂肪酸含量的影响的研究

本文研究了无光照异养条件下八种金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris的生物量和总脂肪酸含量（TFAC）的影响。Cu2＋,Zn2＋是小球藻生长的限制性营养因子,通过添加0．08mg／LCuS04＇5H20可使小球藻生物量从1．24g／L提高到3．60g／L;添加0．2mg／LZnS04．71t20,可使小球藻生物量从1．71g／L提高到3．96g／L。Mg2＋缺失条件可得到最高总脂肪酸含量,但是生物量有所减少。Mo6＋,Mn2＋和Fe3＋对小球藻的生物量和油脂含量无明显的影响,说明这些金属离子对小球藻的生长没有特殊的贡献。提高Fe3＋的浓度有利于总脂肪酸的提高。添加50mg／L和100mg／L的CaCl2·2H20可分别得到最大生物量和最高总脂肪酸含量。     

从形态特征鉴别糖甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)三体的研究

我们已经在“甜菜三体研究动态”一文中,评述了糖甜菜三体的获得、特性及其在遗传研究中的意义。从那时以来,我国甜菜工作者对糖甜菜三体的兴趣激增,积极开展了这方面的工作,并且巳取得了可喜的初步结果。为了更深入地研究糖甜菜三体系列,我们对不同作者的从形态特征鉴别甜菜三体的研究,进行了初步分析和讨论。一、糖甜菜三体形态变化的类别当个别同源染色体附加于该物种正常染色体组之后,这个附加染色体对个体将产生明显     

糖甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)根的解剖构造及其异常形成层的研究

本研究描述了糖甜菜根的初生结构、次生结构、三生结构和复生结构的发生与活动;通过对异常形成层发生过程的观察,认为糖甜菜在幼苗期已经奠定了直根加粗的结构基础。糖甜菜的产量即直根生长量,决定于多轮异常形成层的发生、活动,以及在整个生长期中环间薄壁组织细胞的不断分裂和长大。因此,深入研究这种异常生长,无论在理论上,还是在生产实践上,对提高糖甜菜产量都具有重要意义。关于糖甜菜根的解剖构造及其异常形成层的发生,国内外的报导,说法不一。K. 伊稍等认为由中柱鞘和韧皮部衍生,(1940)报导第一轮异常形成层,是由初生韧皮部和中柱鞘细胞分裂产生的韧皮维管束鞘形成的,进一步认为只有第一个维管束的分生组织环在靭皮维管束鞘区产生,而以后的分生组织环是由上一个环的韧皮部的薄壁细胞产生的。从解剖学角度看,这些说法显然不同。本研究从植物解剖学角度出发,对糖甜菜直根的解剖构造,尤其是异常形成层的产生和活动进行了观察和探讨。     

金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris生物量和总脂肪酸含量的影响的研究(英文)

本文研究了无光照异养条件下八种金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris的生物量和总脂肪酸含量(TFAC)的影响.Cu2+,Zn2+是小球藻生长的限制性营养因子,通过添加0.08 mg/L CuSO4·5H2O可使小球藻生物量从1.24 g/L提高到3.60 g/L;添加0.2 mg/LZnSO4·7H2O,可使小球藻生物量从1.71 g/L提高到3.96 g/L.Mg2+缺失条件可得到最高总脂肪酸含量,但是生物量有所减少.Mo6+,Mn2+和Fe3+对小球藻的生物量和油脂含量无明显的影响,说明这些金属离子对小球藻的生长没有特殊的贡献.提高Fe2+的浓度有利于总脂肪酸的提高.添加50 mg/L和100 mg/L的CaCl2·2H2O可分别得到最大生物量和最高总脂肪酸含量.     

基于污水/废气同步处理的混养系统构建及能源微藻Chlorella vulgaris培养研究

微藻生物能源因其污染小、藻细胞生长快、不与农产品争地等优点而受到广泛关注,但是其高昂的培养成本一直限制了其应用。本研究以小球藻Chlorella vulgaris为培养对象,利用模拟烟道气和生活污水进行微藻培养,考察了该过程对污染物的去除效率以及影响微藻生长和油脂积累的工艺因素。结果表明:Chorella vulgaris可以在模拟烟道气和污水条件下生长并完成油脂积累。在细胞密度0.60g/L条件下,此系统可使污水中COD、总氮和总磷分别从400mg/L、15mg/L、5mg/L下降到65mg/L、7.9mg/L和3.9mg/L,可以达标排放,同时NO含量从400mL/m下降到150mL/m,对烟道气减排和联合处理也具有重要价值。     

紫冠豆角(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)种子中α淀粉酶抑制剂的提取及其性质研究

本研究采用盐溶的方法从紫冠豆角（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）种子中提取α-淀粉酶抑制剂（α-AI）,将提取的α-AI用不同温度和pH处理,并评价其稳定性。在此基础上,以提取物对猪胰腺α-淀粉酶的抑制活性（IC₅₀）为指标,分析了豆粉的细度（A）、料液比（B）、盐溶时间（C）三个因素对α-AI提取效果的影响,利用响应面分析法优化提取条件,通过对老豆角种子的深加工,实现提高其附加值的目的。结果表明:该α-AI为耐热性蛋白,在pH4~10的范围性质稳定,影响α-AI的IC₅₀因素按主次顺序排列为:豆粉的细度>料液比>盐溶时间,确定提取α-AI最佳工艺条件为:豆粉过60目筛（粒径<0.3 mm）,料液质量体积比为1:12（g/mL）、盐溶时间7.75 h。紫冠豆角种子α-AI的IC₅₀最优值为27.036±0.235 μg/mL。     

甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)根体长、最大周长及经济性状基因效应分析

1988～1991年间,利用甜菜多粒O型系与单粒型家系两组亲本的3个F_1交组合及其相应的P_1、P_2、F_2、BC_1和BC_26个世代群体,对甜菜根体长、根体最大周长及经济性状进行了世代平均值分析。结果表明,根体长和含糖率的遗传变异主要由加性效应引起,上位性效应可以忽略不计。这两个性状的遣传属于加性——显性模式。根体最大周长,根产量和产糖量的遗传以显性效应为主,加性效应不显著。上位性效应具有不可忽视的影响。     

栽培甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)和白花甜菜(Beta corolliflora Zoss.)种间杂交及细胞遗传学研究

本文报道了栽培甜菜（B．vulgarisVV）与白花甜菜（B．corollifloraCCCC）种间杂交，获得了2n＝36（VVCC）和2n＝27（VCC）杂种。观察了杂种F1的减数分裂行为。2n＝36杂种F1，终变期形成18个二价体的频率为98．73％，二价体环状结合方式为6个（范围4～10），棒状结合方式平均为11．99个（8－17）。用栽培甜菜回交，获得B1F2。经细胞学检查，染色体数均为2m＝27，其9Ⅱ＋9Ⅰ染色体构型频率为90．4％，减数分裂终变期的三价体频率占3．03％。后代出现大量形态变异及染色体数不同的植株。其与2n＝18的植株频率为41．58％，2n＝27的植株频率为30．19％，可能是无融合生殖形成的。2n＋1＝19的植株频率为10．39％，是附加白花甜菜染色体的异附加三体。     

Frequency and behavior of Salmonella and Escherichia coli on whole and sliced jalapeño and serrano peppers

The frequencies of coliform bacteria (CB), thermotolerant coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli, and Salmonella were determined for jalape?o and serrano peppers. In addition, the behavior of four serotypes of Salmonella and three E. coli strains on whole and sliced jalape?o and serrano peppers as well as in blended sauce at 25 ± 2°C and 3 to 5°C was investigated. Chili peppers were collected from markets in the city of Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. CB, TC, E. coli, and Salmonella were detected on serrano peppers in 100, 90, 50, and 10 % of the samples, and on jalape?o peppers in 100, 86, 32, and 12 % of the samples. Concentrations of CB ranged from 3.8 to 7.9 log CFU per serrano sample and from 5.3 to 8.2 log CFU per jalape?o sample, whereas concentrations of TC and E. coli were between < 3 and 1,100 most probable number per serrano and jalape?o samples. On whole serrano and jalape?o peppers stored at 25 ± 2°C or 3 to 5°C, no growth was observed for rifampin-resistant strains of Salmonella and E. coli. After 6 days at 25 ± 2°C, the tested Salmonella serotypes and E. coli strains had decreased from an initial inoculum level of 5 log CFU to 1 and 2.5 log on serrano and jalape?o peppers, respectively, and at 3 to 5°C they decreased to approximately 1.8 and 1.2 log, respectively, on serrano and jalape?o. Both the Salmonella serotypes and E. coli grew on sliced chili peppers and in blended sauce; after 24 h at 25 ± 2°C, both bacteria types had grown to approximately 4 and 5 log CFU on pepper slices and in sauce, respectively. At 3 to 5°C the bacterial growth was inhibited.     

Synthesis and structure–activity relationships and effects of phenylpropanoid amides of octopamine and dopamine on tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidation

Phenylpropanoid amides of octopamine (OA) 1a–1e and dopamine (DA) 2a–2e were synthesised and the structure–activity relationships (SARs) for antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities were analysed. Among synthesised compounds, 2c, which contains two catechol moieties, exhibited the most DPPH radical-scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 16.2 ± 2.4 μM), and 1d exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 5.3 ± 1.8 μM). Interestingly, with the same acid moiety, OA derivatives showed more inhibitory effect on tyrosinase than did compounds derived from DA, whereas DA derivatives were found to have higher antioxidant activity than compounds derived from OA. The relationship between their structures and their potencies, demonstrated in the current study, will be useful for the design of optimal agents.