光纤持气率测井仪响应规律的实验研究

为考察现有光纤持气率计在油气水三相流中的响应特性,采用多相流标定装置对其进行测定,系统研究光纤持气率计在油量固定不变含水量不同条件下的持气率响应规律。实验结果表明,当油量为5m3/d、气量小于10m3/d时,持气率随含气量的增大而增大,二者线性变化程度较低;而气量在10～35m3/d之间变化时,持气率随含气量的增大而线性增大。     

光纤持气率测井仪响应规律的实验研究

为考察现有光纤持气率计在油气水三相流中的响应特性,采用多相流标定装置对其进行测定,系统研究光纤持气率计在油量固定不变含水量不同条件下的持气率响应规律。实验结果表明,当油量为5m3/d、气量小于10m3/d时,持气率随含气量的增大而增大,二者线性变化程度较低;而气量在10～35m3/d之间变化时,持气率随含气量的增大而线性增大。     

光纤持气率计在气/水两相流中响应规律的实验研究

为考察现有光纤持气率计对气液两相流的响应特性,采用多相流标定装置对其进行测定,系统研究光纤持气率计在不同气/水配比条件下的响应规律。实验结果表明,光纤持气率探针在静水条件下以及在气/水总量为80m3/d的不同气/水配比情况下,持气率对气含量的响应均基本呈线性变化规律;当气/水总量低于45m3/d时,持气率对含水量响应不呈线性规律。     

光纤传感技术测量气液两流持气率研究

文中提出了一种新气液两相流体参数测试方法。传感机理为弯典光纤的传输光功率随外界介质折射率而变化,在分析光纤弯曲波导传光能损耗与弯曲半径,等因素关系的基础上,提出了一种 光纤传感器系统,并将其应用于气液两相流体持气率测试中,进行了初步研究和探讨。     

光纤传感技术测量气液两相流持气率研究

文中提出了一种新型气液两相流体参数测试方法。传感机理为弯曲光纤的传输光功率随外界介质折射率而变化。在分析光纤弯曲波导传输光能损耗与弯曲半径、外界折射率等因素关系的基础上,提出一种 Ｕ 型结构的光纤传感器系统,并将其应用于气液两相流体持气率测试中,进行了初步研究和探讨。     

自力式油气水三相流气液分离装置的设计与实验

针对油井油气水三相流量测量难、测准更难这一实际问题,对溢气型集流伞的结构作了优化和改进,设计出一种自力式油气水三相流气液分离装置,装置上安装了涡轮流量计和电导持水率计,完成油气水产出剖面测井仪的研制。利用多相流测试系统对产出剖面测井仪进行了流量测量实验,实验结果表明,产出剖面测井仪能有效降低油井气相对油井液相流量和持水率测量的影响,可提高油田测量精度及采收率。     

微水导激光稳定水束光纤的CFD仿真研究

利用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法对水射流进行了气/液两相流数值模拟分析,研究了一定喷嘴结构下获得最大稳定射流长度时所需的入口速度大小,分析了不同速度下射流破碎长度和稳定长度的及射流破碎形式,并验证了射流的缩流现象。计算结果表明,在直径为0.2mm,长径比为2.5,入口无倒角的喷嘴结构下,喷射速度50²00m/s时,可获得的水射流最大稳定长度70mm。液体经喷嘴喷出时,在喷嘴口会产生缩流,缩流后射流直径约为喷嘴直径的80%200m/s时,可获得的水射流最大稳定长度70mm。液体经喷嘴喷出时,在喷嘴口会产生缩流,缩流后射流直径约为喷嘴直径的80%⁸5%。     

基于表面等离子体共振技术油水持率传感器的实验研究

为研究表面等离子体共振技术在油井产液剖面持率参数测试方面的潜在应用,采用磁控溅射方法在三棱镜底面沉积不同厚度的金膜,制作Kretschman型表面等离子共振传感元件,对不同体积浓度的油水折射率进行测定。实验结果表明,对于折射率相同的三棱镜,沉积的金膜厚度越大,共振吸收峰越弱。表面等离子体共振峰位对不同体积浓度的油水介质很敏感,介质体积浓度由低到高变大时,表面等离子体共振吸收峰向右平移,共振角逐渐增大。实验表明,表面等离子体共振传感测试技术对不同浓度油水介质的折射率变化非常敏感,能够用其进行流体持率的测量。     

剪切作用对油气两相流粘度特性影响的实验研究

以国产Ｎ３２液压油作为研究对象，采用自行研制的旋转式粘度测量装置，对低剪切作用下油气两相流粘度特性进行了研究，发现其粘度特性受剪应变率影响，并归纳出这种影响的关系式。通过用改装后的ＭＰＶ－１５００试验机在高剪切作用下的实验，证明了该关系式具有广泛的意义。     

科氏流量计应用于气液两相流测量的实验研究

以空气-水为介质,对科氏流量计应用于气液两相流双参数测量进行了实验研究.实验过程中保持液相流量一定,通过加入不同体积分数的空气来分析含气率对科氏流量计测量精度的影响,采用Weisman垂直上升管气液两相流流型图与实验数据进行了比较.结合实验结果,初步归纳出含气量、流型和科氏流量计测量精度之间的关系,总结出液相中含气影响科氏流量计测量精度的主要因素及其影响规律,为进一步研究科氏流量计气液两相流测量误差修正提供了一种技术方法.     

光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究

在对甲烷气体分子近红外吸收光谱分析的基础上,采用1.66μm分布反馈式半导体激光器作为光源,应用二次谐波检测技术,实现对甲烷气体的浓度检测,检测的灵敏度为7×10-5/m。大气和工业污染中的其他气体分子的含量也可通过调换光源及相应的光学器件采用类似的方法测量。     

基于CPW的油水两相流持水率检测方法研究

为了提高原油的开采效率,各油田越来越多地采用注水采油的措施和水平井开采的方法。这对井下油水两相持水率的在线检测提出了更高的要求,其一要求传感器在高持水条件下具有与低持水段一样高的检测精度,其二要求单支传感器体积结构小,便于在油井截面上布置多支传感器形成检测阵列,提供水平井或大斜度井油水截面上持水率分布的差异信息,提高测量的空间分辨率。为此,提出基于共面微带传输线的油水两相流持水率检测方法。通过保角变换法分析了共面微带传输线传感器的结构参数和材料参数与电磁波传播特性之间的关系,采用片状双面S形布线结构,在小型化传感器的同时提高了检测的动态范围。数值模拟和实验结果表明,信号在传输线上的相移与持水率间具有近似线性的关系,传感器在持水率0%~100%全程范围内具有小于3%的分辨率,该方法弥补了电容法和电导法仅适合于低持水率和高持水率的弊端。     

Liquid holdup measurement in horizontal oil–water two-phase flow by using concave capacitance sensor

Due to the complex flow structures of horizontal oil–water flows, the liquid holdup measurement is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we using the finite element analysis build a two-dimensional model of the concave capacitance sensor and investigate the effect of sensor geometry on the distribution of the sensitivity field. Through calculating the sensor static response for different horizontal oil–water flow patterns, we figure out the optimum geometry of the concave capacitance sensor. In addition, we conduct experiment to obtain the measured response of the concave capacitance sensor and achieve the oil-holdup by using quick closing valve. The results indicate that the optimized concave capacitance sensor shows good performance for liquid holdup measurement of horizontal oil–water two-phase flow.     

Design of a Conductance and Capacitance Combination Sensor for water holdup measurement in oil–water two-phase flow

Oil–water two-phase flow widely exists in the process of petroleum industry. The liquid holdup measurement in horizontal pipeline is very important and difficult. In this work, a Conductance and Capacitance Combination Sensor (CCCS) system with four conductance rings and two concave capacitance plates is designed and validated for its measurement performance of in situ water holdup through dynamic experiments. A set of fast electronic switches controls the conductance rings and the capacitance plates alternatively set up each own sensing field in the same sensing volume. This configuration ensures the water holdup estimation in the range from 0% to 100% regardless of flow direction. A set of quick closing valves was used to acquire the in situ holdup for the on-line calibration of the CCCS system. The theoretical correlations of conductance sensor and capacitance sensor were established to make the real-time measurement convenient. A real-time measurement method by CCCS system is provided based on the fusion of the conductance and the capacitance measurement without flow pattern recognition. This method delivers an average error of 1.06% for the CCCS system measuring the water holdup of oil–water two-phase flow, with a standard deviation of 0.038 and a relative error less than ±5%.     

光纤电流传感器的延迟光纤偏振串音误差

为了减小保偏延迟光纤偏振串音对光纤电流传感器测量精度的影响,利用琼斯矩阵研究了全光纤电流传感器的偏振耦合误差。简化了保偏延迟光纤的偏振串音模型,并基于简化模型得出了保偏延迟光纤偏振串音与输出的关系。通过理论仿真分别分析了在常温和变温条件下偏振串音对传感器变比的影响。对比实验结果与理论分析结论,验证了简化的偏振串音模型的合理性和仿真结果的正确性。测量了实际保偏延迟光纤偏振串音的温度特性,结果表明:在延迟光纤存在一定偏振串音时,光纤电流传感器的变比误差随电流的增加而增大;电流一定时,延迟光纤串音越高,光纤电流传感器的变比误差越大。最后,给出了满足光纤电流传感器0.2S级误差要求时延迟光纤偏振串音的允许波动范围。     

气固两相流流速测量系统的传感器设计

介绍一种用于测量气固两相流流速的传感器,阐述了其工作原理,对传感器的结构和随机噪声提取电路进行设计和分析,试验证明该传感器能够检测微弱的随机流动信号。     

Effects of flow patterns and salinity on water holdup measurement of oil-water two-phase flow using a conductance method

This research investigates the effects of flow pattern and salinity of oil-water two-phase flow on water holdup measurement using a conductance method. Firstly, vertical upward oil-water two-phase flow experiment is conducted in a 20 mm inner diameter (ID) pipe, in which the salinities of aqueous solutions are set as 151 ppm, 1003 ppm, 2494 ppm and 4991 ppm respectively. Experimental water-cut and mixture velocity are set as 80–100% and 0.0184–0.2576 m/s. In the experiment, three different flow patterns, i.e., dispersed oil-in-water slug flow (D OS/W), dispersed oil-in-water flow (D O/W) and very fine dispersed oil-in-water flow (VFD O/W) are observed and recorded by a high speed camera. Meanwhile, we collect the response of Vertical Multiple Electrode Array (VMEA) conductance sensor excited by a sine voltage signal. The result shows that, for VFD O/W, the water holdup from VMEA sensor shows a satisfied agreement with that of quick closing valve (QCV) method under certain salinities, i.e., 1003 ppm as well as 2494 ppm. For D OS/W flow and D O/W flow characterized by dispersed oil droplets with various sizes, considerable deviations of water holdup between VMEA sensor and QCV method under four kinds of salinity aforementioned are presented. Afterward, according to experimental analysis along with theoretical deviation, it is concluded that the deviation of the measurement system reaches its minimum when reference resistance in the measurement circuit and salinity of the aqueous solution satisfy constraint conditions, and the accuracy of water holdup using the conductance method can be improved through adjusting reference resistance to match the salinity of water phase. Finally, the recurrence plot algorithm is utilized to identify typical flow patterns mentioned above and it shows satisfied results on comprehending the discrepancies among different flow patterns, demonstrating that the recurrence plot algorithm can be effectively applied in flow pattern identification regarding oil-water flows.     

光纤传感在炮口测速中的研究

介绍了光纤传感器的基本原理和炮口测速的测量原理,进行了光纤束排列方式选择的实验和选用不同反射面进行探头与反射面探测距离的实验。根据实验结果绘制了关系曲线并对其进行了详细的分析。通过分析可知,最佳的测试方法是采用共轴内发射分布排列方式的光纤束,探头与反射面的探测距离为1.2mm时反射光强最大。从而为精确测定炮口速度提供了一定的理论基础。