基于X射线图像的LED芯片邦定线断裂缺陷的自动检测方法研究

在使用工业X射线设备检测LED芯片邦定线的邦定质量时,为了自动检测出邦定线是否断裂,提出采用自适应阈值分割与漫水填充相结合的方法.步骤如下:首先根据邦定线在X射线图像中的特点,采用自适应阈值分割出邦定线焊点所在位置,并识别其质心;再对原始射线图像采用拉普拉斯算子进行图像锐化,增强图像的灰度跳变部分;然后以焊点质心为种子点,采用漫水填充法完整分割出邦定线;最终根据分割出的连通域与焊点质心的包含关系判断出邦定线断裂的情况.     

基于K-L算法的焊缝红外图像检测技术

提出计算机对所得图像进行滤波和图像分割,讨论了K-L算法的原理及其在红外焊缝图像检测中的应用;以红外光源照射焊缝,通过CCD摄取焊缝的图像,建立已焊和未焊的图像模板库,采用K-L算法对焊缝图像进行处理,并与模板库进行比较,得出焊缝是否焊接的结论;试验结果表明,该方法检测精度高,检测速度快,可以实时运用于对手工电弧焊的焊缝质量检测中.     

基于彩色图像分割技术的SMT焊点质量检测

图像分割的策略和方法是SMT焊点图像处理的一项关键技术,也一直是SMT焊点计算机质量检测的瓶颈;以SMT焊点的颜色和几何特征作为分析对象,在灰度图像分割所用二维阈值化的分割方法的基础上,提出一种从颜色直方图的量化级数和二维直方图概率密度不均匀化两个方面改进后的适用于HSV彩色空间图像分割技术,并将其应用于SMT焊点的质量检测;通过其得到SMT片式元器件焊点的图像,对其进行形态学处理后,利用Matlab软件将SMT焊点成功地从PCB板上分离出来,为三维重建提供良好的基础。     

基于图像处理的摩托车支架焊点质量检测研究

摩托车的车架是承载驾驶员与发动机的重要部件,支架的焊接质量是影响支架能否承受各种冲击与振动的重要指标;传统的支架生产线上焊点的质量检测主要依靠焊后撕裂的方法进行检测与补焊,浪赞了大量的人力物力,又影响生产进度.为此提出一种基于图像处理技术的支架焊点质量检测技术;首先从长度与面积判别焊点质量.对图像的特征参数经过数字图像处理后基于亚像素级进行边缘检测进行缺陷轮廓识别,没计了一套能够自动识别焊点质量的检测系统:实际检验结果证明这种做法可以快速准确地对有缺陷的焊点进行自动识别,具有很强的实用价值.     

边缘处理在仿真迷彩设计中的研究与应用

研究迷彩伪装做为隐真示假的手段,针对迷彩设计脱离伪装目标的实际背景,使设计出的迷彩与背景的颜色、形状和纹理不能很好地协调一致等问题,提出了一种基于边缘处理的、通过提取目标背景的特征信息来设计迷彩斑块的方法.可采用金字塔图像分割方法对目标背景的图像进行处理,然后对分割后的图像进行彩色Canny边缘检测,从而得到迷彩图案中的斑块大小、形状及配置信息,并进行仿真.仿真结果表明,基于方法设计出的迷彩图案能够更好地保留背景的细节特征,证明达到良好的迷彩设计效果.     

基于形态学的焊接图像缺陷检测方法研究

射线焊接缺陷的准确检测是保证焊接构件质量的关键,针对焊接生产中采集的图像存在对比度低、噪声干扰及边界模糊等特点,提出了一种基于灰度形态学的射线焊接图像的缺陷检测方法;首先,在对原始射线焊接图像滤波和增强的基础上,根据对焊接图像列灰度的分析运用阈值法提取出焊道;然后,选取了多尺度多结构元素,采用灰度形态学方法对焊接图像进行缺陷边缘检测,并二值化处理后提取出焊接图像巾的缺陷;试验结果表明,相比传统的边缘检测算法,该方法能有效提取图像中的焊接缺陷边缘,且其连续性和完整性较好.     

基于LabVIEW的SMT焊点质量信息视觉检测系统

根据SMT焊点质量信息检测的焊点形态理论,通过对SMT焊点图像处理分析,设计并实现了由LabVIEW工作平台、CCD摄像头、图像采集、系统标定、图像处理、三维重建及PC机等组成的SMT片式元器件焊点质量信息计算机视觉检测系统,有效地完成对SMT片式元器件焊点质量信息的检测任务,具有较强的扩展性。     

摄像机运动的视频图像分割

通常所研究的视频图像序列是由摄像机对真实场景的拍摄形成的.在拍摄过程中摄像器件会发生缩放、旋转、平移等运动,当视频中的分割目标也在运动时,就会导致运动目标在图像上造成的变化与背景本身的变化混淆在一起,很难区分出哪个是前景,哪个是背景.在这种情况下如何精确地实时分割出运动目标成为研究的重点.采用时空联合的分割方法,先对视频图像进行空域单帧分割,采用形态学重建对图像进行处理,通过分水岭算法,得到精确的分割效果;根据图像序列间的运动信息,采用背景运动估计和补偿技术,以6参数仿射模型为运动模型,通过超松弛迭代获得仿射模型参数,取得了较准确的运动估计结果.通过全局运动补偿,对当前帧与补偿帧进行差分运算显露出局部运动区域.在此基础上对已有的分割结果进行区域合并,分割出运动目标.实验证明,本算法能准确实时地分割出运动目标.     

改进Canny边缘检测的遥感影像分割

基于边缘特征的图像分割算法中,能够准确地检测出边缘是进行图像分割的前提和关键。针对目前遥感图像分割算法普遍存在鲁棒性差、易发生边缘信息缺失以及适用范围较窄的缺点,提出了一种基于改进Canny边缘检测的遥感影像分割算法。针对传统Canny高斯滤波在平滑图像的同时也模糊了边缘,改用具有保边特性的引导滤波对图像进行平滑;针对噪声对求导敏感这一问题,增加45°和135°方向梯度模板来计算图像梯度和方向;针对传统Canny算子人为设定高、低阈值的局限性问题,改用大律法自适应地根据图像灰度选取高、低阈值。为充分利用多光谱图像的优点,在进行边缘检测时采用波段分解,逐波段进行处理,随后将边缘综合成一幅结果图,最后进行区域生长。实验结果表明,与其他和传统边缘检测的分割方法相比,该方法在遥感影像分割中取得了较好的结果。     

B样条函数的图像分割分水岭算法研究

针对传统分水岭算法存在的过分割和对噪声敏感问题,提出了一种能够很好地抑制噪声,剔除图像的伪边缘、准确定位图像边缘信息的方法.采用高频强调滤波对梯度图像进行增强,利用B样条函数对增强后的图像进行多次拟合,最后对拟合的曲面进行分水岭分割.实验结果表明,通过该方法处理的梯度图像再进行分水岭变换,有效避免了过分割问题,同时准确定位了图像边缘信息,提高了分割精度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。