光储充一体化电站优化配置方法

电动汽车对于推动节能减排具有巨大作用,但大规模电动汽车接入电网后,其充电负荷会给电网带来短时负荷冲击,影响电网安全运行.光储充一体化电站可利用光伏和储能来平衡电动汽车充电负荷,有效降低大规模电动汽车充电对电网资源的占用.针对光储充一体化电站的规划需求,首先建立了光伏模型和基于寿命预测的储能模型,然后以最大化光储充一体化...     

考虑电动汽车换电站负荷特性的电网管理效益分析

摘要： 电动汽车充放电管理是智能电网需求侧管理的重要组成部分。基于对3种常见充电模式的比较,首先分析了换电模式在电动汽车负荷管理方面的优势。然后,分析了电动汽车换电站的负荷特性,研究了其对电网运行的影响。最后,以一假想的换电站接入IEEE 33节点配电系统,比较电动汽车换电站有序和无序充放电对电网运行的影响,从而说明换电站有序充放电的管理效益。     

光储充一体化电站优化策略研究

光储充一体化电站利用光伏和储能平衡电动汽车充电负荷,有效降低大规模电动汽车对电网资源的占用。本文针对光储充一体化电站的规划需求,建立了光伏、基于寿命预测的储能模型,以最大化光储充一体化电站的净收益为目标,以设备运行和功率平衡为约束,建立了光储充一体化电站设备优化配置模型,并采用遗传算法进行求解,最后通过某光储充一体化能源站为研究对象验证该方法的有效性。     

电动汽车与电网互动协调运行技术探讨

介绍了国内外电动汽车与电网互动协调运行技术的研究现状,分别从电动汽车与电网互动方式、互动内容、互动技术装备、控制策略以及互动激励措施等5个方面对互动协调运行技术进行了全面阐述。分析了电动汽车与电网互动协调运行技术所带来的社会经济效益,并对推广电动汽车与电网互动协调运行技术亟需解决的问题进行了探讨。     

新能源光储充一体化电站建设关键技术研究分析

油价的不断攀升,新能源汽车技术日益成熟,加之政策支持、优惠补贴等各项优势,使得电动汽车数量不断增加,大规模电动汽车接入电网之后,充电负荷会对电网造成短时负荷冲击,因此,新能源光储充一体化电站的建设工作成为亟须解决的问题。本文就此阐述了新能源光储充一体化电站的现状,分析了其关键技术存在难点及对策,有力促进电站的实际建设,为其电站商业运作及规模推广提供借鉴。     

考虑规模化电动汽车入网的电网调频控制策略

介绍了电动汽车常用的几种电池特性,建立了电动汽车电池模型。搭建了电动汽车参与电网调频的模型,分析了电网的几种运行状态,提出了电网不同运行状态下的一种基于二次调频的电动汽车调频控制策略。该控制策略根据电网的实时运行状态,同时充分考虑频繁充放电对电池寿命的影响,给出对不同电池状态电动汽车的控制策略。算例分析表明,采用电动汽车参与电网调频有助于提高频率质量,改善了系统的频率控制特性。     

计及电网峰谷运行的电动汽车充电服务费定价策略

本文提出了一种计及电网峰谷运行的电动汽车充电服务费定价策略,介绍了峰谷分时电价对电动汽车用户充电行为的影响。通过仿真对比分析了电动汽车随机接入电网充电负荷变化趋势、基于峰谷分时电价、电动汽车并网充电负荷变化趋势以及征收计及电网峰谷运行的充电服务费模式下负荷变化趋势,仿真结果证实征收计及电网峰谷运行的电动汽车充电服务费可以减小电动汽车充电对电网负荷的影响。     

黑龙江电力公司建成国内首座光储式电动汽车充换电站

黑龙江电力公司6月末在省电科院建成的国内首座光储式电动汽车充换电站经过孤网、并网试验和电能质量试验及3个多月的试运行,截至国庆节前,光伏发电系统已实现对电动汽车充电桩、站用负荷供电,孤网和并网状态下运行稳定,正式投入运行。该站建成实现了电动汽车充换电站与光伏发电系统相结合,填补了该领域在国内的空白。目前已投运的国内首座光储式电动汽车充换电站位于东经126.36。,北纬     

考虑平衡风电出力偏差的风电-抽水蓄能联合运行模式研究

风电出力的实际值与预期值的偏差较大会对电网的安全稳定运行带来冲击,从而制约风电大规模并网。为解决这一问题,文章提出在电力市场环境下通过风电-抽水蓄能联合运行的方式来弥补风电出力偏差。在研究独立运行模式的基础上建立联合运行模型,研究两种模式下抽水蓄能电站的经济效益以及联合运行模式的综合效益。算例分析验证了风电-抽水蓄能联合运行模式在技术上与经济上的可行性,联合运行模式虽然在一定程度上减少了抽水蓄能电站的电量收益,但实际综合效益比独立运行模式的经济效益有大幅度提高。     

电动汽车充换电混合运行方式和电网储能协同发展的探讨

家用电动汽车的发展面临着两个致命的问题:一是在电池的生命周期内无法收回电池成本;二是电动汽车充电时间长,限制了其使用的便捷性。目前电动汽车的研究方向及应用方案基本都是围绕这两个问题展开的,比如:增加电池的循环次数,提高电池的单位容量以增加续驶里程,利用换电站更换蓄电池等等。但是家用电动汽车用户的行为特性决定了目前的应用方案都不是最优解决方案。为此,本文提出了一种单车充换电混合的运行方式,并探讨了新的电动汽车和电网储能协同发展的运行模式,以期为家用电动汽车的推广提供一种新的思路。     

Regulatory framework and business models for charging plug-in electric vehicles: Infrastructure,agents, and commercial relationships

Electric vehicles (EVs) present efficiency and environmental advantages over conventional transportation. It is expected that in the next decade this technology will progressively penetrate the market. The integration of plug-in electric vehicles in electric power systems poses new challenges in terms of regulation and business models. This paper proposes a conceptual regulatory framework for charging EVs. Two new electricity market agents, the EV charging manager and the EV aggregator, in charge of developing charging infrastructure and providing charging services are introduced. According to that, several charging modes such as EV home charging, public charging on streets, and dedicated charging stations are formulated. Involved market agents and their commercial relationships are analysed in detail. The paper elaborates the opportunities to formulate more sophisticated business models for vehicle-to-grid applications under which the storage capability of EV batteries is used for providing peak power or frequency regulation to support the power system operation. Finally penetration phase dependent policy and regulatory recommendations are given concerning time-of-use pricing, smart meter deployment, stable and simple regulation for reselling energy on private property, roll-out of public charging infrastructure as well as reviewing of grid codes and operational system procedures for interactions between network operators and vehicle aggregators.     

大规模光伏发电接入对直流输电系统的影响研究

直流输电系统是实现高电压、大容量、远距离送电和区域电网互联的一个重要技术手段,对于大规模新能源发电的跨区域消纳具有重要的作用。以大规模光伏发电发电接入西北某电网为对象,建立光伏电站模型,分析光伏电站不同运行方式及电网扰动情况下对直流系统的影响,并提出为保证大规模光伏发电接入后直流系统稳定运行的措施与建议。     

考虑需求响应和V2G的低碳能源网控制策略

为平抑大量电动汽车(EV)入网所致的负荷波动,实现能源网低碳电力运行,通过结合V2G和P2G技术,将电力系统与天然气系统之间的能量耦合。先引入需求响应策略建立负荷侧分时电价,引导大规模EV参与V2G系统,改变用户的用能时段;其次考虑碳排放环境因素建立低碳能源网模型,以经济性最优为目标利用禁忌-粒子群算法进行求解;最后利用算例对比分析了低碳能源网的能量调度和运行成本情况,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

‘Station-and-network–coordinated planning of integrated energy system considering integrated demand response

The integrated energy system (IES) is an important energy supply method for mitigating the energy crisis. A station-and-network–coordinated planning method for the IES, which considers the integrated demand responses (IDRs) of flexible loads, electric vehicles, and energy storage is proposed in this work. First, based on load substitution at the user side, an energy-station model considering the IDR is established. Then, based on the characteristics of the energy network, a collaborative planning model is established for the energy station and energy network of the IES, considering the comprehensive system investment, operation and maintenance, and clean energy shortage penalty costs, to minimize the total cost. This can help optimize the locations of the power lines and natural gas pipelines and the capacities of the equipment in an energy station. Finally, simulations are performed to demonstrate that the proposed planning method can help delay or reduce the construction of new lines and energy-station equipment, thereby reducing the investment required and improving the planning economics of the IES.     

基于混合算法的配电网中电池储能的多目标优化配置研究

基于随机会约束规划理论,计及系统的不确定性因素提出配电网储能电站多目标选址定容模型。首先分析配电网的经济性和可靠性特征,接着基于随机机会约束规划建立储能电站的优化模型。采用二进制粒子群算法和改进粒子群算法的混合算法对模型进行求解。最后利用研究模型,结合IEEE 33标准节点系统建立配电网储能电站优化算例,对离网模式和并网模式2种模式进行仿真,对优化配置结果进行对比和分析。     

新型负荷接入环境下的配电网分布式电源规划

随着电动汽车以及储能技术的不断成熟,电动汽车及储能设备等新型负荷的不确定性给分布式电源接入配电网的规划工作带来了新的挑战。基于机会约束,建立了一种考虑新型负荷特性的配电网分布式电源规划模型,该模型既包括电动汽车与储能设备等新型负荷,也包括分布式风电、光伏发电等典型分布式电源,并应用概率潮流和遗传算法对模型进行求解。对IEEE33节点测试系统的测试结果表明,接入新型负荷后系统不确定性增强、总体收益有所下降,验证了所建立的电源规划模型处理负荷及分布式电源不确定性问题的可行性。     

Optimal centralized integrated energy station site approach based on energy transmission loss analysis

Centralized integrated energy station, which combines electrical power, gas, and heat supplying source together, is emerging with the development of an integrated energy system. In the previous works, the site optimization approaches of energy stations were developed for electrical power and gas sources. In these approaches, the candidate sites only include user nodes. However, with the development of the integrated energy system, the previous approach cannot be applied effectively for the system containing heating networks with high energy transmission loss. The energy transmission loss must be calculated accurately in the optimization approach rather than valued by the simple linear model. This paper aims to propose an optimal site approach of a centralized integrated energy station, in which all possible candidates of energy station sites are considered. The candidates can be any point in the whole energy supplying area. The analysis of energy transmission losses, based on nodal energy flow models, in pipelines and feeders, are incorporated. The simultaneous optimization of the station site and energy distribution networks is conducted. It is found that the energy transmission loss is significant in heating networks; therefore, network optimization should be carried out considering exact energy transmission loss. The optimal station site obtained in the present work has reduced 2.3% of the life cycle cost much more than that obtained from the previous method selecting a site from the user node. A noticeable reduction in life cycle cost, 2.6%, can also be achieved when using the proposed approach for a single energy source station. Moreover, for integrated energy systems, it is found that the adoption of the centralized integrated energy stations is more competitive comparing with the adoption of the single energy source station.     

Energy station and distribution network collaborative planning of integrated energy system based on operation optimization and demand response

In the energy station and distribution network collaborative planning of integrated energy system (IES), it is difficult to consider station and network interaction in IES operation at the same time. For resolving this problem, the model and solution of planning and operation alternative optimization are proposed considering multiagent interest balance. First, the three-stage optimization framework and model of station and network planning of IES are proposed based on the operation scheduling of IES and the response of energy station and users as different subjects, aiming at optimization of station and network cost-effectiveness, respectively. Second, the distribution network simplification method is proposed based on topological equivalence principle. The topological structure characteristics of distribution network is analyzed, the rapid generation strategy of single tie line network based on broken circle method is proposed, and then an encoding/decoding scheme is proposed based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. Third, considering the load characteristics and energy station demand response based on flexible comfort level of users, a dynamic spot price optimization method and operation strategy of IES are proposed. And then the station and network collaborative planning solution is presented based on the operation optimization of IES. Finally, an example is given to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper.     

可再生能源交流孤网转并网运行中的电压控制策略

柔性直流远距离输送有仅通过直流送出模式和交直流混联送出模式。两种送出模式下,系统的运行点存在较大差异,直接切换会对电网产生较大冲击。文章首先分析了两种送出模式下系统的调压控制特点,指出并网点电压幅值偏差是切换过程的关键点,设计了以可再生能源集群并网点电压偏差最小为主目标,换流站综合无功裕度最大为次目标的柔性切换策略。最后,基于某柔直电网可再生能源送端规划系统进行仿真,验证了所提策略的有效性。     

大规模压缩空气储能电站主厂房设计优化分析

[目的]压缩空气储能电站在进行主厂房设计时缺少相应规范作为技术支撑,可参照执行的《压缩空气站设计规范》中存在一些有争议和不适用的规定,难以满足当前压缩空气储能电站大规模发展的需要。为了解决在规范执行过程中遇到一些重点问题,找到更优的主厂房设计方案。[方法]对空气储能用压缩机的爆炸危险性进行了分析,将合并厂房设计与分厂房设计做了经济性对比,并对压缩机房内压缩空气的储存容积做了整理和总结。[结果]结果表明:空气储能用压缩机不具备化学危险性,在设备质量达标的前提下也不具备物理爆炸危险性;合并厂房设计较分厂房设计可以节省大量投资;压缩机房内压缩气体的储存容积较主厂房体积占比较小。[结论]从工艺流程、系统集成度、整体经济性、运行维护方便等角度考虑,大规模压缩空气储能电站主厂房推荐采用合并厂房设计;并可根据工艺布置和检修运行需求,采取大平台布置结构;压缩机厂房与其它房间相邻时可设置甲级防火门,并应设置门斗等防护措施。