生物厌氧-好氧处理在印染废水治理中的应用

根据印染厂废水治理改造工程的要求，在分析原有设施存在的问题后，确定了对碱减量、退浆废水局部厌氧预处理工艺；论证并实施了生物厌氧-好氧处理为主的工艺路线；优选了工艺参数，采取多项措施提高好氧生化处理的运行水平。实际运行表明，改造后排放水的CODcr，平均值小于75mg／L，CODcr去除率小于93％，达标率为100％。     

厌氧处理啤酒工业废水的研究进展

对厌氧处理啤酒工业废水的最新进展进行了较全面综述。介绍了高效厌氧反应器的发展和应用实例,主要包括:UASB,EGSB,IC等工艺;并对厌氧生物技术在啤酒工业废水治理中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Effect of bioaugmentation on anaerobic wastewater treatment in the dairy industry

The creation of a biofilm as a specialized biosystem, its development, and activity were studied at 3 critical control points of biofilter operation: start-up, transition from batch to sequencing batch regimen, and set-up of stable sequencing batch process. Five variants of biosystems were investigated with an inoculum from specially adapted real activated sludge, enriched with various combinations of 3 microbial preparations. A stable and working biofilm was developed in the phase of stabilized sequencing batch process. The differences among biodegradation effectiveness of the 5 variants were insignificant during that phase and the effect of the preparations was low. The effectiveness of organic removal for the 5 bioaugmentation approaches reached 60% for protein, 70% for chemical oxygen demand, and 97% for lactose. Commercial inocula did not improve final reactor performance over an inoculum from a municipal wastewater treatment plant alone.     

两相厌氧工艺在制糖废水处理中的应用

由于两相厌氧工艺具有产酸相与产甲烷相分离的特性,因此在处理具有高有机负荷、高悬浮物浓度（SS）的制糖废水方面具有独特的优势。针对制糖废水的特征、传统的治理技术进行了论述,并对两相厌氧工艺在处理制糖废水方面所存在的独特优势进行了分析。     

糖蜜废水在两相厌氧消化工艺中的应用

针对糖蜜废水排放量大、有机负荷高、悬浮物浓度高和成分复杂等特点,结合两相厌氧消化工艺具有产酸相与产甲烷相分离的特性,在处理高浓度有机废水和能源回收利用上有独特优势进行讨论。并例举了糖蜜废水在两相厌氧消化工艺中的应用实例和特性研究,指出了两相厌氧消化工艺存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。     

厌氧与曝气处理制革废水的CODcr

对不同工段的皮革废水进行厌氧处理,测定CODcr含量;对无铬的浸酸废水和含铬的浸酸废水进行曝气厌氧组合处理,测定CODcr。结果表明:硫化物含量稍高的废水,如浸灰废水,厌氧细菌作用的初始时间更长,但是CODcr去除率比较高,本身易产生微生物的软化废水CODcr去除率也高。而铬盐对厌氧处理来说没有明显的抑制作用,对于曝气处理来说,CODcr初期下降速度比较快,到一定程度后,CODcr不再有明显的下降。通过先曝气再厌氧和先厌氧再曝气的对比试验,发现前者优点显著,处理速度快,CODcr去除率更高。     

Long-term performance of high-rate anaerobic reactors for the treatment of oily wastewater

Complex oily wastewater from a food industry was treated in three different UASB reactors at different operating conditions. Although all three systems achieved fat, oil, and grease (FOG) and COD removal efficiencies above 80% at an organic loading of 3 kg COD/m3 x d, system performance deteriorated sharply at higher loading rates, and the presence of high FOG caused a severe sludge flotation resulting in failure. Initially, FOG accumulated onto the biomass which led to sludge flotation and washout of biomass. The loss of sludge in the bed increased the FOG loading to the biomass and failure ensued. Contrary to previous findings, accumulation of FOG rather than influent FOG concentrations or volumetric FOG loading rate was the most importantfactor governing the high-rate anaerobic reactor performance. The critical accumulated FOG loading was identified as 1.04 +/- 0.13 g FOG/g VSS for all three reactors. Furthermore, FOG accumulation onto the biomass was identified mainly as palmitic acid (>60%) whereas the feed LCFA contained only 30% of palmitic acid and 50% of oleic acid.     

泸型白酒废水上流式厌氧污泥床反应工艺处理

在工业规模装置上对泸型白酒废水上流式厌氧污泥床反应工艺进行了实验研究,主要考察了pH值、容积负荷、温度、污泥量、进水固体悬浮物量和挥发性脂酸酸对化学需氧量（CODcr）去除效果的影响。结果表明,上流式厌氧污泥床反应可有效去除泸型白酒废水中的CODcr;pH值在6.2～7.8范围内CODcr去除率呈抛物线趋势,在pH值7.0左右最佳;容积负荷在8 000～10 000 mg/L范围内随负荷增大而CODcr去除率增加,之后逐渐降低;温度宜控制36～38 ℃范围内;进水固体悬浮物量宜低于1 800 mg/L;污泥量宜占总体积的20%左右;挥发性脂酸酸浓度最适范围＜2.5 mmol/L;工艺CODcr去除率达到了85%以上,处理能力满足了实际生产的要求,运行效果良好。     

污水厌氧处理过程DCS控制系统设计

在对典型的污水厌氧处理工艺分析的基础上,设计了一套基于西门子PCS7开发平台的污水厌氧处理过程DCS控制系统。采用专家前馈＋反馈控制来调节调制池污水pH值,采用比值算法来控制营养物质投加量。     

新型(IC)厌氧反应器处理酒厂废水的试验研究

采用新型的内循环(IC)厌氧反应器处理酒厂废水,研究了水力条件、进水方式和温度对IC厌氧反应器形成内循环和运行性能以及COD去除率的影响,进而确定IC厌氧反应器最适宜的容积负荷率。研究结果表明:最佳的进水方式是以切线方向从底部进入,这时,在一定的进水速度下,可形成缓慢的上升旋流和保持良好的内循环,从而能达到较好的污泥膨胀率和较高的COD去除率;最佳的水力停留时间为6h;最适宜的进水温度为35℃,这时的污泥膨胀率为68%,COD去除率为80%;IC厌氧反应器最适宜容积负荷率为20kg(/m3.d),此时COD去除率为80%左右。     

厌氧-好氧法处理漂白和染色废水

荷兰帕克公司应用厌氧-好氧连续工艺，成功处理了荷兰Ten Cate纺织厂的漂白和染色废水。该水处理工艺应用了容积为70m^3的厌氧反应器和容积为450m^3的好氧曝气池，废水色度去除率达80％-95％，且大部分色度是在预酸化池和厌氧反应器中去除的。经厌氧-好氧处理后的废水，对生物发光细菌Vibro fisheri无毒性。若使一部分废水不经过厌氧直接进入好氧进行处理，结果表明，好氧出水毒性增加，且色度去除率大大降低。这说明，厌氧处理对于废水的脱色和毒性去除起着重要的作用。     

最新的排水处理技术 高负荷厌氧处理技术和高速凝聚沉淀技术

当今要求制浆造纸厂的污水处理系统对环境的影响最小,节省占地和能耗,并且希望从处理系统中获得热能和电能,本文介绍的正是这样的废水处理系统新技术.(1)高负荷污水厌氧处理技术,即厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床(EGSB)、升流式厌氧污泥反应器(UASB)、Aqua-SAT系统.(2)组合Sumi-thickener(高速凝聚沉淀装置)的废水处理系统,即将凝聚过程和活性污泥处理方法融为一体所形成的Sumi-Sludge系统,节省占地.     

低温厌氧消化废水处理的现状及展望

低温厌氧消化处理废水是一种低成本、低技术含量的绿色生物方法,能够在经济和环境方面为社会带来巨大效益。本文介绍了低温厌氧消化技术的原理、优势和应用现状,并对低温厌氧消化反应器附加后处理程序,结合深度测序或宏基因组学以及其他功能经济途径所获得的信息,发展更加稳定高效的设备进行了展望。     

酸性染料废水纳滤处理的影响因素研究

为探讨酸性染料废水纳滤分离过程的影响因素、截留率和膜通量变化规律,选取常见的酸性大红染料,对染料模拟废水进行纳滤分离研究.结果表明:随操作压力的升高,染料截留率降低,盐截留率先升后降,膜通量增大;随着染料质量浓度的增加,膜通量降低,而染料截留率、盐截留率逐渐增加;pH=5~7时,染料的截留率达到最大,盐的截留率和膜通量呈下降趋势;染料的截留率、盐的截留率和膜通量随盐质量浓度的升高而降低;随运行时间的延长,膜通量先增加然后趋于稳定,染料和盐的截留率均有所下降.     

Response of anaerobic granular sludge to a shock load of zinc oxide nanoparticles during biological wastewater treatment

The increasing use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in consumer and industrial products highlights a need to understand their potential environmental impacts. In this study, the response of anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) to a shock load of ZnO NPs during anaerobic biological wastewater treatment was reported. It was observed that the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of AGS and the methane production were not significantly influenced at ZnO NPs of 10 and 50 mg per gram of total suspended solids (mg/g-TSS), but they were decreased when the dosage of ZnO NPs was greater than 100 mg/g-TSS. The visualization of EPS structure with multiple fluorescence labeling and confocal laser scanning microscope revealed that ZnO NPs mainly caused the decrease of proteins by 69.6%. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis further indicated that the C-O-C group of polysaccharides and carboxyl group of proteins in EPS were also changed in the presence of ZnO NPs. The decline of EPS induced by ZnO NPs resulted in their deteriorating protective role on the inner microorganisms of AGS, which was in correspondence with the observed lower general physiological activity of AGS and the death of microorganisms. Further investigation showed that the negative influence of ZnO NPs on methane production was due to their severe inhibition on the methanization step.     

Novel partial nitritation treatment for anaerobic digestion liquor of swine wastewater using swim-bed technology

A swim-bed reactor using the biofringe acryl-fiber biomass carrier was used for partial nitritation treatment for anaerobic digestion liquor of swine wastewater. The sludge in the reactor demonstrated excellent settling properties, and the sludge volumetric index (SVI) was always about 50 ml g(-1). The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration was maintained above 10,000 mg l(-1) with a maximum of 16,800 mg l(-1). Satisfactory and stable partial nitritation was obtained at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 1.9 kg-N m(-3) d(-1) without any operational control. Only a little nitrate was produced almost during the whole operational period and the nitrite to total oxidized nitrogen ratio (NO(2)-N/(NO(2)-N+NO(3)-N)) was always above 95%. In addition, the influence of temperature on partial nitritation efficiencies was also investigated and non-controlled efficiencies were maintained stably between 15 degrees C and 30 degrees C at an NLR of 1.9 kg-N m(-3) d(-1), but suddenly deteriorated when the temperature fell below 15 degrees C. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria were inhibited by free ammonia and free nitric acid, which prevented the conversion of nitrite to nitrate and the inhibition due to free nitric acid weaken with a decrease in temperature. It was apparent that these phenomena were crucial to the control of partial nitritation treatment.     

偶氮染料废水厌氧生物脱色强化

针对偶氮染料废水的生物降解难题,通过对比投加不同浓度的电子供体（葡萄糖）和氧化还原介体（RM）蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸钠盐和活性炭对偶氮染料的厌氧生物脱色效果的影响,探究增强偶氮染料厌氧生物脱色的条件。结果表明,投加电子供体或RM均可有效强化偶氮染料废水厌氧生物脱色：投加300 mg/L葡萄糖时脱色率可高达53.35%,投加200 mmol/L蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸钠盐时脱色率为34.59%,与投加0.6 g/L的活性炭的脱色率（35.26%）相当;投加葡萄糖时0~24 h的脱色速率最快为1.47%/h,36 h脱色效率接近最大值为46.49%;投加蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸钠盐时0~12 h的脱色速率最快为1.03%/h,60h脱色效率接近最大值为33.30%;投加活性炭时0~30 h的脱色速率最快为0.79%/h,60 h脱色效率接近最大值为33.65%。     

屠宰废水处理及双膜式废水处理工艺装置

1屠宰废水的特点及其危害 生猪屠宰厂（场）每天需耗用大量的水冲洗生猪,浸烫脱毛,清洗副产品及冲洗设备、工具和地面等,从而产生大量的废水。由于屠宰工艺技术条件和屠宰量的不同其耗用水量相差较大。