Carbon monoxide in alveolar air as an index of exposure to cigarette smoke

1. A rapid method for the analysis of CO in expired air has been developed, which is suitable for use in studies of smoking. 2. The Bohr equation has been used to calculate the mean alveolar CO partial pressure (PA,CO). 3. The values of PA,CO obtained are highly correlated with direct measurements of venous carboxyhaemoglobin (r = 0-96). 4. The method will distinguish between populations of smokers and non-smokers, and can allow the changes of CO in a smoker throughout a 12 h period to be followed. It provides a measure of the dose of cigarette smoke (vapour phase) that results from smoking a single cigarette.     

The influence of water vapor on the decomposition of carbon monoxide on reduced iron oxide

Sintered, fine-grained ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) with a porosity of 11.4 pct was used as a solid material in the present investigation of the rate of carbon monoxide decomposition in the presence of water vapor at temperatures of 430, 475, 513, 550 and 590‡C. It was found that small additions of H₂O markedly enhance the rate of carbon deposition and that there is an optimum content of H₂O in CO-H₂O mixtures which provides the maximum rate of carbon deposition at each temperature. According to SEM observations of the reaction products, water vapor affects significantly not only the rate of the process but also the structure of the carbon deposited. For , filamentary carbon is formed predominantly while at low values of the formation of flake carbon is favored. The results obtained have been explained with a suggestion on the possible formation of an intermediate complex [CHO]* on the catalytical surface.     

一种节能型压缩空气净化设备

通过作者本人的工作实践，将一种节能型压缩空气净化设备介绍给大家，以便工作中选用，并拟通过本文，使大家的节能意识进一步提高。     

硅钢压缩空气系统节能优化

硅钢生产离不开压缩空气,而压缩空气的生产运输也同样离不开能源,降低压缩空气生产中的能源消耗,同样意味着降低生产成本.以硅钢压缩空气的生产为例,针对硅钢压缩空气系统在生产运行过程中的特性,分析和讨论了硅钢压缩空气系统的运行现状与节能情况,尤其是空压机和干燥器用能情况,并针对这些因素采取了相应的措施.这些措施的实施,使硅钢部压缩空气系统电单耗同比下降约25％,其节能效果比较明显,可供硅钢行业压缩空气节能交流和推广.     

烧结、球团工程压缩空气系统优化技术研究

针对现有烧结、球团工程中普遍存在压缩空气使用同一种气源供气,而用气设备要求各有不同,导致供气系统设计偏大,造成能源浪费、净化设备损耗较大等问题,提出了相应的优化方案,以供参考。     

碳素厂压缩空气管路改造的节能实践

结合碳素厂压缩空气使用中存在的问题与不足，提出并实施了对系统交错用气和脉冲除尘系统用气的压缩空气管路的改造，既解决了生产用气过程巾的冲突与不协调，又达到了节能的目的。     

矿山生产压风系统节能浅析

通过对矿山压风系统中空压机工作效率的运算和分析，提出在矿山压风系统节能工作中应该以主要耗电设备设施的选型和日常运行维护为主，从而达到节能降耗的目的。     

荧光猝灭法测定空气中二氧化氮和一氧化氮

NO2可被藏红T溶液吸收并转变为亚硝酸根,并且在酸性介质中,亚硝酸根可以使藏红T发生荧光猝灭,据此建立了荧光光度法测定亚硝酸根进而间接测定空气中NO2和NO的新方法。研究了硫酸,藏红T用量,柠檬酸钠用量对测定体系的影响。在最佳实验条件下,NO2-的浓度在0.023~0.276μg/mL范围内与荧光信号的降低值呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9978。该方法用于测定空气中NO2和NO时的检出限分别为0.000 4 mg/m3和0.000 6 mg/m3。该方法简单、快速、检出限低,可为环境评估提供一个参考方法。     

Carbon monoxide binding properties of hemoglobin M Iwate

The kinetic and equilibrium CO binding properties of hemoglobin (Hb) M Iwate (alpha2 87 His leads to Tyr beta2) have been investigated. The results show that the alpha(Met) beta2 (CO) tetramer of this protein has a low affinity for CO, as indicated by the stopped-flow and flash-photolysis kinetic, as well as the CO binding equilibrium, measurements. However, it has been found that the phosphate-free alpha2(Met)beta2(CO) tetramer does tend to dimerize extensively (K4.2 = 55 muM). The high-affinity forms seen in earlier kinetic measurements may be explained by this fact. When dimers are accounted for in the functional studies, the results show that the tetramer binds CO noncooperatively either with or without the allosteric cofactor, inositol hexaphosphate (IHP). IHP appears to influence the functional properties of a solution of Hb M Iwate by stabilizing the tetrameric state of aggregation, thereby greatly reducing the population of high-affinity dimers. When the CO "off" rate with IHP present (0.23 s-1) and the CO "on" rate to the tetramer either with or without IHP (1.9 X 10(5) M-1 s-1) at 25 degrees C are sued to calculate the equilibrium constant, the value obtained (8.3 X 10(5) M-1 s-1) is similar to that in equilibrium binding measurements on the phosphate-free tetramer (9.5 X 10(5) M-1) estimated from the observed P 1/2 value at 0.48 mM total heme concentration. By showing that dimers account for the high-affinity component seen in earlier kinetic experiments with Hg M Iwate, we can now more strongly suggest that cooperative CO binding to this tetramer is minimal or absent, with both of the active beta-hemes presenting a very low affinity.     

微热再生吸附式压缩空气净化系统的优化方法

详细介绍了传统的微热再生吸附式压缩空气净化系统的工作原理及存在的缺点。并采取增加冷却器、优化系统结构以及采用新型的气动换向阀等一系列方法对传统的微热再生吸附工压缩空气净化系统进行改造 ,实际应用表明改进后的微热的再生吸附式压缩空气净化系统具有故障率低、空气能耗少、压力损失小及出口压力露点更加稳定等优点     

空气净化系统排污的控制改造

本简要介绍了华北铝业有限公司空气净化系统的原理及排污系统存在的问题。叙述了自动排污控制系统的使用效果和节能情况。     

Anaesthetic machine and breathing system contamination and the efficacy of bacterial/viral filters

Contamination of the anaesthetic machine and breathing system by the environment and by patient exposure has been shown to occur. Outside the intensive care setting, however, it is difficult to demonstrate that the anaesthetic machine and breathing system are a vector for patient cross-infection. Bacterial and viral filters for use within the breathing system have been shown to be very effective for filtration, yet their use has not been demonstrated to be of benefit in the prevention of cross-infection between patients. Several instances of patient morbidity are a direct consequence of filter use. The use of bacterial/viral filters may represent another step towards defensive medical practice.