传统联合化学工厂提档升级改造的绿色发展效果分析

探讨了一个具有区位优势、卤水资源优势的大型联合制碱工厂的提档升级改造方案,分析了改造后绿色发展的效果.研究表明,100万t/a规模的联碱工厂,能耗可以减少16.75万tce/a,CO2减排43.31万t/a.核心装置合成氨综合能耗下降19.2％.所采用的技术都是成熟和先进的,工厂改造后可以实现在确保本质安全、环境友好的...     

减少合成水中油含量研究

本文以潞安煤基合成油有限公司的生产实践为依据,提出了合成水中油含量偏高的问题,并通过分析找到了解决这一问题的方案和具体技术措施。实践证明,改造后的经济和社会效益十分可观,同行业企业完全可以借鉴。     

反应塔送风机的防喘振控制

通过对风机性能曲线和喘振曲线进行实测，完成了反应塔风机的防喘振控制系统的改造，改造后，可以全关回流阀使风机的风量完全送往闪速炉，电机电流下降了10—15A，电机电压为380V，生产正常时，每年可节电42500-63750kwh。既克服了以前风机系统存在的问题，也实现了节能，为公司的正常生产及扩大生产提供了有力的保障。     

实施CFCs物质替代转换的中国工商制冷

中国工商制冷行业是中国CFCs物质的消费大户,为了保护臭氧层,必须对其进行替代转换改造,在多边基金的援助下,该行业的替代转换改造工作正在进行之中。但在替代转换改造过程中所采用的技术路线从长远看以及从其它角度看并不是完全理想的。本文简要介绍了中国工商制冷行业在替代转换改造中选择的替代技术、替代品的现状,指出替代技术的不足,并提出了积极的建议。     

尿素装置解吸系统改造与应用

介绍了尿素装置解吸系统改造技术和方案。通过改造前、后工艺参数及消耗对比,证明了尿素解吸技术的可行性。改造后,解吸气中水体积分数下降31%～33%,氨体积分数上升32%～35%;合成转化率提高,生产成本降低,环境污染减少。     

夹点技术在苯乙烯装置节能上的应用

利用夹点技术对苯乙烯装置进行分析。对整个苯乙烯装置的34种物流,划分了45个温区。得出了苯乙烯装置理论上可以节约热质用量52.9%,节约冷质用量66.9%。在装置的实际改造中可使苯乙烯装置的总能耗从4.77×104kW下降到4.2×104kW,下降了12%。     

一种新型环保型循环水处理系统的设计及应用

介绍了一种新型物理法工业循环冷却水处理技术,概括了系统所包含的阻垢缓蚀装置和杀菌抑藻装置的技术原理、系统特点及施工方式,结合工程应用对改造后的循环水系统进行了经济效益和社会效益分析。实践表明,环保型循环水处理系统是完全可以取代常规化学药剂处理法的工业循环冷却水处理技术,在保证循环水系统阻垢缓蚀和杀菌抑藻的同时,实现了节能减排的目的。     

PTT预取向丝的生产工艺

结合聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)的特性,综述了PTT预取向丝的生产工艺及其后加工技术。PTT的POY纺丝完全可以适应PET和PA的高速纺丝设备,经过认真细致的工艺调试,并对纺丝装备作一些适当的改造,可以实现PTT预取向丝的工业化生产,制得成形良好、性能优异的PTT预取向丝,以便后加工的顺利进行。     

桩西油田148断块油藏开发技术探讨

针对桩西油田148块断块油藏复杂断块油藏开发过程中存在油井能量下降,结蜡,油井压力下降快、单一的压裂无法有效解决油层改造的问题等,积极开展相关技术研究和试验,进一步配套了压裂改造油层、径向射孔技术、调整注水技术、自洗井清防蜡技术等技术手段,大大提高了该断块的开发效果,改善了油层的渗流能力、补充了地层的能量、提高了油藏的驱替效率,具有较好的借鉴意义。     

人字形螺旋槽干气密封在循环氢压机上的应用

对干气密封原理和人字形螺旋槽干气密封技术特点进行了介绍。采用了最先进的轴封型式对循环氢气压缩机轴封系统进行了改造,改造为干气密封后,密封系统运行指标完全达到设计值,运行安全、平稳、可靠。     

变压再生脱碳技术的应用

采用变压再生脱碳专利技术进行合成氨厂技术改造 ,介绍了工艺流程中各段设备改造的具体措施。改造后装置运行平稳 ,处理气量和操作弹性提高 ,合成氨、尿素产量分别提高 10 .4%和 9% ,再生热耗下降了近 2 7.6 %。     

麻石水膜法在烟气脱硫除尘中的应用

烟气脱硫除尘的技术方法有许多种,每种技术的应用要充分考虑经济、技术、环境方面的因素,因地制宜。文章介绍了几种烟气脱硫技术,根据公司实际情况介绍了用于中小燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫的技术-麻石水膜法烟气脱硫,并成功的应用于公司的中小型燃煤改造。适合对有条件的老厂进行技术改造。     

降低甲醇生产装置天然气消耗的技术措施

在天然气生产甲醇的工业过程中,合理选用高效NC306型合成催化剂,可使甲醇合成转化率提高5%;通过控制转化炉烟气氧含量在2%~2.5%,维持炉膛负压在-3~-4 mm H2O,燃料气压力由0.20 MPa提高至0.24 MPa等方法,可提高转化炉的的热效率1%~2%,降低燃料天然气的消耗量170 Nm3/h;锅炉水排污量由5%降低至2%,废锅可增加蒸汽产量约1.3 t;转化反应水碳比由3.7降低至3.5,可减少工艺蒸汽约1.5 t。另外,进行转化输气总管和废热锅炉的技术改造,降低合成、精馏的冷后温度以及回收塔底水的甲醇含量,减少系统加工损失,也可提高甲醇产量,从而降低天然气的消耗量。     

基于锥形孔板压差脉动特性测量湿气流量

设计了一种具有防堵特性的锥形孔板,在定压条件下结合锥形孔板的压差脉动特性完成了湿气流量的双参数测量。借鉴压差脉动法测量流量的成熟理论,运用支持向量机以R和x作输入变量、以干度为输出值,得到了在干度变化较大非定压条件下的干度测量模型。实验结果表明:此种测量方法不仅适用于湿气工况下干度的测量,同时适用于非湿气工况下气液两相流量的干度测量。     

Measurements of the severity of fires involving private motor vehicles

This paper presents the results of full-scale fires in two private motor vehicles conducted under insturmented calorimeter hoods for the Channel Tunnel Safety Unit, Department of Transport. Measurements of heat release rate, temperatures and other parameters of fire severity are given. The results were used for the assessment of the specification and design of the shuttle wagons and in the subsequent computer modelling calculations to analyse the impact of such a fire within a shuttle wagon. The fires were well ventilated and allowed to develop fully before firefighting intervention. Of the two tests the first burned for 17 min with the gas temperature in the rig reaching 1250°C and with a peak total heat output of at least 7½ MW before being extinguished. The other burned for 57 min, with gas temperatures reaching 1125°C and a pead heat output of 4½ MW.     

Steady state multiplicity in an UOP FCC unit with high-efficiency regenerator

The possibility of existence of multiple steady states in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units has a major impact in the supervision of these systems. The origins of these behaviours are usually due to the exothermicity of the catalyst regeneration reactions and to the strong interactions between the reactor and the regenerator system.Prior work has focused on modelling and control problems of different operating FCC units. However, none of these studies have considered a high-efficiency regenerator. This paper presents an analysis of the existence of output and input multiple steady states in an UOP FCC unit with a high-efficiency regenerator.The influence of unit disturbances and model uncertainties, such as coke composition and cracking enthalpy, in the output multiplicity, was studied and the results show that the high-efficiency regenerator exhibits at least three multiple output steady states and a maximum of five output steady states, in the operating range considered. Moreover, the state multiplicity analysis revealed that input multiplicity can be present in this FCC unit, depending on the choice of the control structure, and that operating the unit in full combustion mode can prevent instabilities due to input and output multiplicities. Therefore, these results can be used to guide the design of the most appropriate control structures in industrial applications. For the FCC unit with high-efficiency regenerator the most appropriate control structure corresponds to the control of the riser reactor temperature and the oxygen level in the flue gas, with the catalyst circulation rate and the combustion air flow rate, respectively.     

Novolen聚丙烯工艺载气分离塔的改造

文章对Novolen聚丙烯装置上的载气分离塔进行了改造,并对载气分离塔改造前后的分离效果进行了评价。经过改造后,载气分离塔运行稳定且达到了设计要求;在抗冲共聚生产时塔顶轻组分和塔底重组分含量都可以达到设计值。此外,此载气分离塔的改造经验证是成功的,且改造施工简便易行,可节约大量的设备及基建投资。     

从催化裂化干气中提取乙烯

目前国内乙烯资源短缺,从催化裂化干气中提取乙烯是减少浪费、提高乙烯产量的有效途径。本文介绍了深冷分离、吸收分离、水合物分离、膜分离、吸附分离以及联合工艺等分离技术,并对一些主要分离工艺进行了技术经济分析,指出吸附分离工艺具有较好的工业应用前景。     

On the integration of CO2 capture with coal-fired power plants: A methodology to assess and optimise solvent-based post-combustion capture systems

Amine and other liquid solvent CO₂ capture systems capture have historically been developed in the oil and gas industry with a different emphasis to that expected for fossil fuel power generation with post-combustion capture. These types of units are now being adapted for combustion flue gas scrubbing for which they need to be designed to operate at lower CO₂ removal rates - around 85-90% and to be integrated with CO₂ compression systems. They also need to be operated as part of a complete power plant with the overall objective of turning fuel into low-carbon electricity.The performance optimisation approach for solvents being considered for post-combustion capture in power generation therefore needs to be updated to take into account integration with the power cycle and the compression train. The most appropriate metric for solvent assessment is the overall penalty on electricity output, rather than simply the thermal energy of regeneration of the solvent used.Methodologies to evaluate solvent performance that have been reported in the literature are first reviewed. The results of the model of a steam power cycle integrated with the compression system focusing on key parameters of the post-combustion capture plant - solvent energy of regeneration, solvent regeneration temperature and desorber pressure - are then presented. The model includes a rigorous thermodynamic integration of the heat available in the capture and compression units into the power cycle for a range of different solvents, and shows that the electricity output penalty of steam extraction has a strong dependence on solvent thermal stability and the temperature available for heat recovery. A method is provided for assessing the overall electricity output penalty (EOP), expressed as total kWh of lost output per tonne of CO₂ captured including ancillary power and compression, for likely combinations of these three key post-combustion process parameters. This correlation provides a more representative method for comparing post-combustion capture technology options than the use of single parameters such as solvent heat of regeneration.     

Design and Performance of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor

Counterflow virtual impaction uses a flow of gas in a direction opposite the motion of the particles to separate them from gas and smaller particles. In the past such devices have used aircraft flight or wind tunnel flow to impart momentum to the particles. Here we describe the design and performance of an apparatus, termed a pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI), which uses a vacuum pump to provide the flow. We show that this device is capable of inertial separation with a sub-micrometer cutoff diameter, particle enhancement approaching the ratio of the output to the input flow, and replacement of the ambient gas in the output flow with another gas that may be more suitable for downstream analysis techniques. Rejection of input gas and particles smaller than the cutoff diameter can exceed 99.9%.