几种聚酯超细纤维染色用分散染料染色性能的研究

选用4只分散染料对聚酯超细纤维进行染色,并对其移染性、皂洗牢度及染料的高温分散性进行了研究。结果表明:染料的移染性与染料分子结构有关,分子量小,移染性好;皂洗牢度与染浴浓度有关,在相同条件下,染色浓度为4%时比12%高1级。碱性染色结果表明:BlueUP—GF在碱性条件下酯基水解严重,不适合碱性染色。     

涤纶织物练染一浴工艺染色效果的探讨

为了分析涤纶织物练染一浴工艺的可行性,对练染一浴工艺的染色效果进行了分析探讨。结果表明:练染一浴工艺中,弱酸性染色条件比碱性染色条件的染色效果好。练染一浴、弱酸性染色工艺与传统染色工艺相比较,耐皂洗与耐摩擦色牢度相近,染色K/S值、上染百分率、染色提升性等指标有一些差距,均在可接受范围。实验所选三支分散染料中,分散蓝E-R的练染一浴、弱酸性染色工艺的各项染色指标与传统染色工艺较接近,更适合练染一浴染色工艺。     

涤/竹交织物一浴一步法染色分散染料的选择

研究了活性/分散染料在中性或弱酸性条件下采用一浴一步法对高吸湿涤纶/竹纤维交织物进行染色时,染液的pH值、电解质、温度等对分散染料染色性能的影响。结果表明:在适当的工艺条件下,选用中性及耐碱性的分散染料可获得良好的染色效果。     

碱胺同浴碱处理对改性涤纶性能的影响

主要讨论了在一定的碱胺同浴碱处理条件下 ,不同减量率对改性涤纶的力学性能、热性能、吸湿性能以及染色性能的影响。结果表明 :经碱胺同浴碱处理后的改性涤纶具有良好的吸湿性及染色性 ,其力学性及热稳定性变化不大     

分散染料在涤/锦双组分纤维上色差的色度学分析

将涤 /锦复合丝分离成单一组分的超细涤纶和锦纶。用常用的分散染料同浴染色后 ,测定了各染色样品的颜色三刺激值 ,并经过色度学计算。实验分析表明 ,分散染料对锦纶染色物的反射光主波长值较相应涤纶染色物向长波方向移动 ;蒽醌类分散染料在锦纶上的得色量较小 ,彩度较低 ;而偶氮类分散染料对涤 /锦染色的总色差较小 ,较适合于涤 /锦复合丝的染色。     

氯化超细聚丙烯纤维的染色性能研究

用次氯酸钠对超细聚丙烯短纤维进行氯化，并用阳离子金黄Ｘ－ＧＬ染色，研究了在不同温度、染浴ｐＨ值、纤维含氯量条件下染色的上染曲线及不同温度的吸附等温线。结果表明：氯化聚丙烯纤维与阳离子染料在酸性条件下无亲和力，在弱碱性条件下有较高亲和力。     

锦/棉交织物活性染料一浴法染色工艺的研究

锦纶和棉的染色性能不同，所以锦/棉交织物的同色性染色工艺较为复杂。传统的染色方法是采用分散/活性，分散/直接，酸性/活性等两浴法染色。本文用活性染料对锦/棉织物进行一浴两步法染色。选择pH值4.5-5可以对锦纶染色，在碱性条件下对锦纶不上色或轻微上色的活性染料，首先在酸性条件下对锦纶纤维染色，然后调节pH值到碱性对棉纤维染色，得到了优异的同色性。     

染色助剂对涤纶超细纤维染色热力学的影响

本文研究了染色助剂对涤纶超细纤维染色热力学的影响,研究发现:1、染色助剂的存在并未改变分散染料在涤纶纤维中的分配机理,即服从Nest定律;2、阴离子表面活性剂存在时,分散染料对涤纶超细纤维的亲合力降低,其中在110℃时降低的幅度比较大;染色热比不加阴离子表面活性剂时低得多,染色熵的绝对值也低得多;3、非离子表面活性剂在降低了分散染料对涤纶超细纤维的亲合力的同时,也降低了分散染料在染色过程中的染色热和染色熵的绝对值;4、载体的存在使得染色等温吸附曲线的斜率和亲和力均比较高,但是染色饱和值却较低;5、匀染剂SL的存在使得染色热和染色墒的绝对值均较高。     

棉盖丙复合针织物活性/碱性染料同浴染色工艺探讨

在用次氯酸钠溶液进行氯漂/氯化的基础上,重点研究了用活性染料/碱性染料同浴对棉盖丙复合针织物染色时,分散剂的用量、碱剂的用量、染色温度、染色时间等因素对染色效果的影响。试验结果表明:当 IW分散剂用量为2．5g/l时可获得比较好的分散效果,弱碱性条件下棉的色差很小,丙纶的色差也可以接受; 温度低时,对碱性染料上染丙纶不利,90℃时染色效果较好,同浴染色时间增加,色差明显增大。     

染色助剂对涤纶超细纤维染色热力学的影响

本文研究了梁色助剂对涤纶超细纤维染色热力学的影响,研究发现：1、染色助剂的存在并未改变分散染料在涤纶纤维中的分配机理,即服从Nest定律;2、阴离子表面活性剂存在时,分散染料对涤纶超细纤维的亲合力降低,其中在110℃时降低的幅度比较大;染色热比不加阴离子表面活性剂时低得多,染色熵的绝对值也低得多;3、非离子表面活性剂在降低了分散染料对涤纶超细纤维 亲合力的同时,也降低了分散染料在染色过程中的染色热和染色熵的绝对值;4、载体的存在使得染色等温吸附曲线的斜率和亲和力均比较高,但是染色饱和值却较低;5、匀染剂SL的存在使得染色热和染色熵的绝对值均较高。     

Dyeing of nylon 6 fabric with a bifunctional sulphatoethylsulphone reactive disperse dye

A bifunctional reactive disperse dye containing two temporarily anionic sulphatoethylsulphone groups was synthesised and applied to nylon 6 fabric by exhaust dyeing at a variety of pH levels and temperatures. A monofunctional reactive disperse dye containing one temporarily anionic sulphatoethylsulphone group was also synthesised, and its dyeing behaviour was compared with the bifunctional dye. The bifunctional reactive disperse dye exhibited high exhaustion and total fixation yield under alkaline conditions. The results also indicate that the introduction of two temporarily anionic sulphatoethylsulphone groups of the bifunctional dye gave an enhancement in dyeing performance compared with that of the monofunctional dye. The dyes also showed very good levelling and fastness properties on nylon 6 fabric.     

Use of γ-cyclodextrin/epichlorohydrin polymer in merging fabric formation and coloration processes

A candidate polymeric size was synthesised by the polymerisation of γ -cyclodextrin with epichlorohydrin under alkaline conditions. The motivation for the synthesis was to produce a polymer that could not only function as a warp size for fabric formation, but also serve as a host for dye molecules that could subsequently be released after the weaving process, ultimately promoting the merging of fabric formation and coloration processes. The γ -cyclodextrin/epichlorohydrin polymer has been found to promote the dissolution of textile dyes, such as CI Disperse Blue 3, CI Disperse Yellow 82 and CI Disperse Red 91 to yield pad baths capable of evenly coating polyester fabric. Upon padding and subsequent drying, the dye– γ -cyclodextrin/epichlorohydrin polymer pad baths have been used for dyeing the fabric upon thermofixation. Furthermore, cross-sections of fibre dyed in the same manner indicate dye penetration into the fibre.     

Preparation and characterisation of novel phospholipid cationic liposomes to improve the alkaline hydrolysis and dyeability of polyester fabric

Three novel cationic liposomes were prepared from commercial soybean lecithin (neutral liposome) and stearylamine (cationic liposome) as a catalyst or accelerating agent for the alkaline hydrolysis of polyester fabric. The formation of 1:1, 1:6 and 1:12 cationic liposomes was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen content and Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy. Factors affecting the alkaline hydrolysis performance of polyester fabric in the presence and absence of cationic liposomes were investigated. Size measurements of the three cationic liposomes showed that the vesicle size was 27.88 nm for the 1:1 cationic liposome, 15.57 nm for 1:6 and 10 nm for 1:12, in comparison with 50 nm for neutral liposome. The results showed that alkaline hydrolysis in the presence of cationic liposomes improves the hydrophilicity and dyeability of polyester fabric and creates more carboxylic groups on the fabric. The silky polyester fabric was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, tensile strength, elongation at break, crease recovery angle and surface roughness to prove the success of the cationic liposomes as accelerating agents in the alkaline hydrolysis process. The results also indicate that the colour strength of hydrolysed polyester fabric in the presence of cationic liposomes dyed with disperse dye was slightly higher than that obtained in the absence of cationic liposomes and with unhydrolysed fabric. Furthermore, the fastness properties of hydrolysed polyester in the absence and presence of cationic liposomes do not vary.     

Use of chitosan to improve dyeability of DP-finished cotton (II)

Chitosan was used to improve the dyeability of DP-finished cotton. Cotton fabric was treated with a mixture of chitosan, 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DHDMI), and catalyst in a one-step process. To investigate the effect of molecular weight of chitosan on the dyeability of treated fabrics, six chitosan samples of different molecular weights were prepared by depolymerization with sodium nitrite; 185,300, 73,200, 59,000, 21,000, 14,000, and 3,800, respectively. Chitosan improves dye uptake of direct and acid dyes considerably, and the dye uptake increases with the increase of the molecular weight of chitosan. Reactive dye uptake increases slightly in alkaline condition as the molecular weight of chitosan decreases. Higher dye uptake is obtained in acidic condition than in alkaline condition. Chitosan treatment has no discernable effect on the colorfastness to washing, but decreases the colorfastness to wet crocking by about half a point. And chitosan affects other properties of treated fabric; lower wrinkle recovery, stiffer handle, and higher breaking strength as the molecular weight of chitosan increases. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1515–1521, 1998     

Dispersant‐free dyeing of poly(lactic acid) fabric with temporarily solubilised disperse dyes from azopyridone derivatives

Poly(lactic acid) fibre is derived from annually renewable crops and known to be 100% compostable. In order to extend its environmental friendliness into the dyeing process, dispersant‐free dyeing of poly(lactic acid) fabric with three temporarily solubilised azo disperse dyes based on hydroxypyridone moiety containing a β‐sulphatoethylsulphonyl group was investigated. The dyes were successfully applied to poly(lactic acid) fabric without the use of dispersants. The colour yields of the dyes on poly(lactic acid) fabric were observed to be dependent on dyebath pH and dyeing temperature. The optimum results were obtained at pH 4–5 and 110 °C. One of the dyes showed a colour yield as good as that of a commercial disperse dye and good build‐up on poly(lactic acid) fabric. All of the dyes could be alkali cleared owing to ionisation of the dye under mild alkaline conditions. Wash fastness was good to very good, and light fastness was good. The chemical oxygen demand levels of the poly(lactic acid) dyeing effluent from the dyes were considerably lower than those from a commercial disperse dye.     

Dyeing of cotton with a bifunctional disulphide bis(ethylsulphone-sulphatoethylsulphone) disazo reactive dye

A new bifunctional disazo reactive dye of a temporarily high molecular structure based on a disulphide bis(ethylsulphone-sulphatoethylsulphone) reactive system was synthesised and applied to cotton fabric. This dye displayed good primary exhaustion under different neutral exhaustion conditions. The results assessed for the alkaline exhaust dyeing indicate that the disulphide bis(ethylsulphone-sulphatoethylsulphone) dye showed higher exhaustion and fixation values compared to those obtained with the commercial CI Reactive Black 5. The fastness properties of the disulphide dye were similar to those of the commercial dye. Received: 24 March 2005; Accepted: 15 June 2005.     

浅谈分散染料染色残液COD

该文通过打小样试验,挑选适用于碱性染色工艺和弱酸性染色工艺的两种不同染料各九支,并结合实际生产中大部分染厂所用工艺,应用三种不同工艺对涤纶织物进行上染,收集染色残液测量pH和COD．使用碱性染色工艺,染液在织物上染前后pH值有变化,残液pH值达到GB4287—92中的相关规定;使用弱酸性染色工艺和染厂所用工艺,染液在织物上染前后pH基本没有变化．对比三种工艺收集残液的COD值,发现使用碱性染色工艺的分散染料,收集的残液COD明显偏低。这为大生产中印染厂优化染色工艺、节能减排、降低综合成本提供了试验依据。     

Dispersant-free dyeing of polyester with temporarily solubilised azo disperse dyes from 1-substituted-2-hydroxypyrid-6-one derivatives

Four temporarily solubilised azo disperse dyes based on 1-substituted-2-hydroxypyrid-6-one were synthesised and characterised. The dyes showed high extinction coefficients and had a yellow shade on polyester fabric. They were successfully applied to polyester without the use of dispersants and the optimum pH was found to be 5. It was found that the dyes could be alkali-cleared due to ionisation of the dye under mild alkaline conditions. The dyes exhibited good to excellent fastness properties on the polyester fabric.     

Exhaust dyeing of polyester‐based textiles using high‐temperature–alkaline conditions

The factors affecting the dyeability of polyester‐based textiles with disperse dyes in an alkaline medium were studied. It was found, for a given set of dyeing conditions, that (a) the appropriate conditions for attaining a higher color yield were 45 min at 130°C with pH 9 using a material‐to‐liquor ratio of 1/10; (b) increasing the Diaserver® AD‐95 concentration to 2% ows (based on weight of substrate) as well as including triethanolamine to 2% ows in the dyeing formulations bring about a significant improvement in the dye uptake; (c) both a preheat setting from 160 to 200°C/30 s and an alkaline weight reduction have a positive impact on postdyeing with the used disperse dye; (d) the extent of dye uptake as well as the color strength are governed by the type of substrate, that is, knitted fabric > spun yarn > woven fabric, nature of the dye stabilizer, that is, EDTA > Diaserver® AD‐95 > Tinoclorite® CBB > citric acid > none, as well as kind of the disperse dye; (e) direct reuse of the disperse dyebaths, without reconstitution, in the dyeing of the used substrates was shown to be feasible in a single shade and in the reverse‐order dyeings (dark → light); (f) one‐bath, one‐step exhaust dyeing of polyester/cotton‐knitted fabric using selected disperse reactive dyes combinations under high‐temperature alkaline conditions is feasible; and (g) the color and fastness properties of the resultant dyeings depend on the type of the used auxiliaries, in addition to the nature of disperse/reactive dyes combinations as well as compatibility with other ingredients. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3563–3573, 2003     

Study of Crystal Violet Hueing Dye Deposition on Fabrics During Home Laundry

The influence of hueing dye on the fabric b* value and CIE whiteness during home laundry was investigated using crystal violet dye to study the accumulation mechanism on fabric samples. Fabrics treated with the crystal violet dye had a lower b* value and a higher CIE whiteness. The dye accumulation was much higher on nylon or nylon/lycra blends than on cotton and polyester fabrics. The fabric surface charge and surface energy were also studied, and the dye-fiber interaction was investigated based on fiber and dye molecular structure. The study indicates: (1) the electrostatic adsorption is the main contributor to the deposition and accumulation of hueing dyes on fabrics; (2) fabric surface energy may play an important role in the dye-fiber interaction. The more hydrophobic the fiber surface, the less dye accumulates on the fabric during home laundry.