大发射电流密度Ir—Ce合金阴极的研究

制作了一种发民流密度较大的铱－铈两相合金阴极。在１７７３Ｋ时，阴极零场发射电流密度为６．７５Ａ／ｃｍ＾２，有效逸出功为２．７３ｅＶ；在１８２３Ｋ时，观察到最大发射电流密度超过２１．２Ａ／ｃｍ＾２。同时简介了阴极制作工艺和抗中毒情况以及未来的改进发展方向。     

Ir—Ce合金阴极及其应用研究

重点研究了粉末冶金法制备Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ（铱－铈）合金阴极过程中压制压力和烧结温度对发射性能的影响，建立起了一套稳定的制备工艺。试验得到Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ掺Ｗ阴极在１７５３Ｋ时的发射电流密度达１２．４Ａ／ｃｍ２，电流密度保持为１．７Ａ／ｃｍ２，发射试验稳定达１５０ｈ。从机理上验证了它是一种高温大发射电流的发射体。试验还表明Ｉｒ－Ｃｅ阴极具有良好的抗中毒能力。作为应用研究，测量了该阴极在热阴极微波电子枪中的发射性能，微波腔场强约１０ＭＶ／ｍ，工作温度１９１３Ｋ，零场发射电流密度为１０Ａ／ｃｍ２，最大发射电流密度达２１Ａ／ｃｍ２，在２０２０Ｋ时计算零场发射电流密度可达４２Ａ／ｃｍ２。     

间热式大面积六硼化镧中空阴极

介绍了适用于强流离子源的间热式大面积六硼化镧中空阴极。在１５ｃｍ双潘宁离子湖泊 上放电特性研究表明，该阴极性能良好，能可靠工作，使用过程中多次暴露于大气中，发射性能并未变坏，加热功率为１．４５ｋＷ，ＬａＢ６发射电流密度为２０Ａ／ｃｍ＾２，放电电流４００Ａ，脉冲宽度３０ｍｓ，放电波形重复性很好。使用１００ｈ后，发射体尺寸无明显变化。     

电沉积法制备碲靶

采用电沉积法将Ｔｅ电沉积在以Ｎｉ为底衬的Ｃｕ靶托上，制备出了质子回旋加速器ＣＹＣＬＯＮＥ－３０用碲靶，用以生产放射性医用同位素＾１２３Ｉ。研究了电流密度、电沉积时间、温度、电沉积溶液中碲的质量浓度（以ＴｅＯ２计）、碱度等工艺条件对碲靶质量的影响。推荐最佳工艺条件为：电沉积液介质浓度ｃ（ＫＯＨ）＝１ｍｏｌ／ｌ；ρ（ＴｅＯ２）＝５５－６５ｍｇ／ｍｌ；电流密度Ｊ＝１０－１２ｍＡ／ｃｍ＾２；温度Ｔ＝１８－     

^239Pu,^241Am,^99Tc和^137Cs在高压实缓冲材料中的扩散系数

本文从物质的一维非稳态扩散规律出发，在常温，纯氮条件下，测定了＾２３９Ｐｕ，＾２４１Ａｍ，＾９９Ｔｃ和＾１３７Ｃｓ在作为高放废物深地质处置库缓冲材料的高压实钠质膨润土中的扩散系数，９０ｄ的实验测定结果表明，在膨润土的干密度为１．９ｇ／ｃｍ＾３时，＾２３９Ｐｕ，＾２４１Ａｍ扩散系数为在１０＾－１５ｍ＾２／ｓ，＾９９Ｔｃ约为１０＾－１３ｍ＾２／ｓ，而＾１３７Ｃｓ约为１０＾－１２ｍ＾２／ｓ，都随缓冲材料     

折流板环形脉冲柱用作Purex工艺1A接触器研究

该研究跟踪国际先进水平，首次在我国进行折流板环形脉冲柱应用研究。采用５ｃｍ柱径，板间距２ｃｍ，开孔率２５％，正弦脉冲波。水力学性能研究结果表明，液泛通量高达２．７ｃｍ／ｓ，可采用Ｖ＿ｃ（１－Ｘ）＋Ｖ＿ｄ／ｘ＝Ｖ＿０（１－ｘ＿ｅ）￣（ＫＸ）关联分散相存留分数。其Ｋ值为４．５一６，大于零，为Ⅱ型柱；Ｕ传质结果表明，理论级当量高度为７０ｃｍ，当在振幅ａ＝２ｃｍ，频率ｆ＝１．５ｓ￣（－１）的脉冲条件下操作时，其理论级当量高度将降至５０ｃｍ。同脉冲筛板柱的对比试验结果表明，其传质性能优于脉冲筛板柱。与相同工艺条件下的串级结果对比，在ａ＝２ｃｍ，ｆ＝１．５ｓ￣（－１）条件下，２００ｃｍ的萃取柱可达４个理论级。     

离子注入α－Al_2O_3陶瓷材料的表面改性研究

研究了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶注入Ｎ＋后的力学性能变化。结果表明，注入剂量为１×１０１７Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２时，Ａｌ２Ｏ３的显微硬度提高了９２％；注入剂量为３×１０１７Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２时，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面形成非晶层，导致表面软化，显微硬度只是基体的５０％左右．离子注入在样品表面产生了高达￣１１５０ＭＰａ的压应力，材料的断裂韧性的改善与此有关，实验亦发现Ｎ＋离子注入后Ａｌ２Ｏ３的断裂韧性提高了９５％左右．ＳＥＭ分析同样证明Ｎ＋注入ａ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３后，其表面力学性能确实有所改善。     

电沉积法制备镅、钚和镎的α源

以０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸铵为电沉积液,在铁阳极与不锈钢阴极之间施加约１５Ｖ直流电压,控制电流密度为０．６５Ａ／ｃｍ＾２,沉积４０ｍｉｎ,镅、钚和镎可以定量地沉积在阴极上,其收率均≥９８％。探讨了１８种有代表性的共存物对电沉积率的影响,结果表明,多数阳离子（碱金属、碱土金属除外）影响电沉积率或分辨率;少量ＮＯ＾－３、Ｃｌ＾－、磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）、三烷基氧（ＴＲＰＯ）、煤油或草酸不影响沉积结果。当电解     

^3H—氮酮透皮吸收示踪研究

氮酮是目前应用最好的药物皮肤渗透促渗剂之一。用＾３Ｈ－Ａｚｏｎｅ作示踪剂，研究了透皮吸收后，Ａｚｏｎｅ能迅速透过皮肤进入血液循环，分布到各脏器中。体外法测定表明，它的平衡渗透率为１．００μｇ／ｈ．ｃｍ＾２，在８ｇ内总渗透率为０．７０％。Ａｚｏｎｅ透皮吸收后，在大鼠血液中的浓度先上升，在２ｈ时达最大；然后下降，峰值浓度为２．７０μｇ／ｍｌ，到２４ｈ时仍高达１．６μｇ／ｍｌ。由此证明Ａｚｏｎｅ在皮肤上     

山西广播电视卫星地球站电磁辐射环境影响评价

报道了山西广播电视卫星地球站环境影响的评价工作。电磁辐射环境现状调查结果表明,评价区环境电磁辐射最高值为４．７２５＊１０＾－５μＷ／ｃｍ＾２,属正常环境水平;发射天线对地面环境电磁辐射贡献最大为３．０２＊１０＾－６μＷ／ｃｍ＾２;高功放室对工作岗位电磁辐射贡献最大为３．１６μＷ／ｃｍ＾２;同时,计算了天线前方建筑物的允许建筑高度。     

Oxide Coated Cathode Plasma Source of Linear Magnetized Plasma Device

Plasma source is the most important part of the laboratory plasma platform for fundamental plasma experimental research. Barium oxide coated cathode plasma source is well recognized as an effective technique due to its high electron emission current. An indirectly heated oxide coated cathode plasma source has been constructed on a linear magnetized plasma device. The electron emission current density can reach 2 A/cm 2 to 6 A/cm ² in pulsed mode within pulse length 5–20 ms. A 10 cm diameter, 2 m long plasma column with density 10 ¹⁸ m ⁻³ to 10 ¹⁹ m ³ and electron temperature T_e ≈ 3–7 eV is produced. The spatial uniformity of the emission ability is less than 4% and the discharge reproducibility is better than 97%. With a wide range of the plasma parameters, this kind of plasma source provides great flexibility for many basic plasma investigations. The detail of construction and initial characterization of oxide coated cathode are described in this paper.     

Laser-driven pulsed emission and plasma formation of Cs3Sb photocathodes

The experimental progress of laser-driven Cs₃Sb photocathodes is reported. The cathodes prepared in an UHV system can be used to generate short-pulsed, high-brightness electron beams. Emission properties are tested under a 50–200 ns pulsed Xe⁺ laser illumination. The quantum efficiency in the range of 2–5.6% and current density of 108 A/cm² are obtained. A brightness of 1.85 × 10⁹ A/m² rad² is also measured. Mass analysis and other methods have been used for investigating the plasma formation when laser intensity rises above the “break-down” threshold. The current density increases rapidly during the plasma electron emission, but the pulse width of the emission is enlarged, and the brightness is limited. It is observed that the plasma is just composed of cesium and antimony atoms from the cathode rather than adsorbed residual gases.     

Plasma characteristics in the discharge region of a 20A emission current hollow cathode

Numerical calculation and fluid simulation methods were used to obtain the plasma characteristics in the discharge region of the LIPS-300 ion thruster’s 20 A emission current hollow cathode and to verify the structural design of the emitter.The results of the two methods indicated that the highest plasma density and electron temperature,which improved significantly in the orifice region,were located in the discharge region of the hollow cathode.The magnitude of plasma density was about 10~(21)m~(-3)in the emitter and orifice regions,as obtained by numerical calculations,but decreased exponentially in the plume region with the distance from the orifice exit.Meanwhile,compared to the emitter region,the electron temperature and current improved by about 36%in the orifice region.The hollow cathode performance test results were in good agreement with the numerical calculation results,which proved that that the structural design of the emitter and the orifice met the requirements of a 20 A emission current.The numerical calculation method can be used to estimate plasma characteristics in the preliminary design stage of hollow cathodes.     

An experimental study on the degradation of the C12A7 hollow cathode

Emitter overheating is by far the greatest problem limiting the performance of novel C12A7 hollow cathodes. To explore the failure operating point and degradation mechanism of the C12A7 hollow cathode, microscopic analyses of a degraded electride emitter after 10 h of thermal electron emission are presented in this paper. The morphology and composition variation of overheated electride emitters by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate the melting and decomposition of electride of the surface layer. The monitored temperature of the electride emitter during the C12A7 hollow cathode operation shows that to avoid overheating the electride emitter, the average current density allowed should be about 64 mA mm−2 for the C12A7 hollow cathode in its current configuration. Experimental results of the heaterless C12A7 hollow cathode demonstrate that xenon (Xe) ion bombardment can remove the insulating layer and restore the thermionic emission capability for less degraded emitters. Based on experimental results and microscopic characterization, the depletion and degradation mechanisms of electride emitters during the hollow cathode operation are discussed.     

90Y电沉积的实验研究

研究了用电沉积方法从90Sr母液中分离医用90Y的工艺条件。以0.1 mol/L pH 2.5的(NH4)2SO4溶液为电沉积底液，以铂为阳极，铂或不锈钢为阴极，控制阴极电流密度0.5A/cm2，电沉积50min，90Y在阴极沉积率大于95%。阴极上的90Y用0.1~0.5mol/L的热硝酸洗脱后再次电沉积。二次电沉积后90Y/Sr90的分离系数大于8×105，洗脱收率大于70%。铂丝阴极上的90Y可用200~400μL 0.1~0.5mol/L的热硝酸洗脱，制成用于标记药物的90Y溶液；沉积有90Y的不锈钢阴极经热处理后，制成心血管放射性支架或医用敷帖片，其90Y的日浸出率分别小于1%和0.1%。残液中的90Sr经放置一段时间（20天）后，可用来再次分离90Y。     

Reduction of ?-Particle Sensitivity in Dynamic Semiconductor Memories (16K d-RAMs) by Neutron Irradiation

Trace radioactive impurities found in all semiconductor devices induce soft errors in semiconductor memories by ?-particle emission. Data taken on 16K d-RAMs which have been fast neutron irradiated to fluences from 1013 to 1016 n/cm2 show that soft errors in these devices can be significantly reduced while maintaining acceptable device operation. Reduction in soft error rate by factors as high as 80 are observed following irradiation and thermal annealing. The effect on device parameters is discussed as well as the defects responsible for this beneficial radiation processing. Estimates of the soft error rate improvement to be expected on higher density memory devices (64K and 256K d-RAMs) will also be presented.     

Quantitative Determination of Density of Ground State Atomic Oxygen from Both TALIF and Emission Spectroscopy in Hot Air Plasma Generated by Microwave Resonant Cavity

Two experimental techniques have been used to quantify the atomic oxygen density in the case of hot air plasma generated by a microwave (MW) resonant cavity. The latter operates at a frequency of 2.45 GHz inside a cell of gas conditioning at a pressure of 600 mbar, an injected air flow of 12 L/min and an input MW power of 1 kW. The first technique is based on the standard two photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) using xenon for calibration but applied for the first time in the present post discharge hot air plasma column having a temperature of about 4500 K near the axis of the nozzle. The second diagnostic technique is an actinometry method based on optical emission spectroscopy (OES). In this case, we compared the spectra intensities of a specific atomic oxygen line (844 nm) and the closest wavelength xenon line (823 nm). The two lines need to be collected under absolutely the same spectroscopic parameters. The xenon emission is due to the addition of a small proportion of xenon (1% Xe) of this chemically inert gas inside the air while a further small quantity of H₂ (2%) is also added in the mixture in order to collect OH(A¬X) and NH(A-X) spectra without noise. The latter molecular spectra are required to estimate gas and excitation temperatures. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements, at for instance the position z=12 mm on the axis plasma column that leads to a gas measured temperature equal to 3500 K, an excitation temperature of about 9500 K and an atomic oxygen density 2.09×1017± 0.2×10¹⁷ cm ⁻³ . This is in very good agreement with the TALIF measurement, which is equal to 2.0×10¹⁷ cm ⁻³ .     

准单畴YBCO超导体工艺性能研究和微观分析

采用熔融织构生长法（MTG）结合顶部籽晶工艺（TSP）制备了不同Y-211粒子含量的准单畴熔融织构的YBCO块材,样品致密度高,机械强度好。VSM测量结果表明样品在30K、0.6T下,临界电流密度J