Microstructure and mechanical properties of a compound reinforced Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 alloy with long period stacking ordered phase and W phase

The microstructure evolution of Mg100-2xYxZnx(x=2, 2.5, 3, 3.5) alloys was investigated. Results show that the Mg100-2xYxZnx alloys are composed of α-Mg, long period stacking ordered(LPSO) phase and eutectic structure phase(W phase), and the Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 alloy has the best comprehensive mechanical properties. Subsequently, the microstructure evolution of the optimized alloy Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 during solidification and heat treatment processes was analyzed and discussed by means of OM, SEM, TEM, XRD and DTA. After heat treatment, the lamellar phase 14H-LPSO precipitated in α-Mg and W phase transforms into particle phase(MgYZn2). Due to the compound reinforcement effect of the particle phase and LPSO phase(18R+14H), the mechanical properties of the alloy are enhanced. The tensile strength and elongation of the Mg95Y2.5Zn2.5 alloy is improved by 9.1% and 31.3% to 215 MPa and 10.5%, respectively, after solid-solution treatment.     

含长周期堆垛有序结构Mg94Zn2Y4挤压态合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用SEM和TEM等分析方法研究包含长周期堆垛有序结构的挤压态Mg94Zn2Y4合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明：铸态Mg94Zn2Y4合金由18R-LPSO和α-Mg两相组成。挤压后,长周期相分层,并形成宽度为50~200 nm的α-Mg 薄片。合金经498 K时效处理36 h后达到时效峰值,在其组织中析出β′相,该析出相的出现显著提高了α-Mg基体的显微硬度,从HV108.9增加到HV129.7;而LPSO结构的显微硬度稳定在HV145左右。TEM分析及其电子衍射花样表明,β′相与α-Mg和LPSO结构具有独特的位相关系,其原子最密排面的堆垛方向垂直于α-Mg和LPSO相最密排面的堆垛方向。由于β′相和18R-LPSO相的共同存在,处于时效峰值态的Mg94Zn2Y4合金的抗拉强度达到410.7 MPa。     

Effect of Li on formation of long period stacking ordered phases and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Zn alloy

Alloys with composition of Mg_(96-x)Gd_3Zn_1Li_x(at.%)(x=0, 2, 4, and 6) were prepared by conventional casting. The microstructures of these alloys under as-cast and solid-solution conditions have been observed, and the mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that Li is an effective element to refine the grains and break the eutectic networks in as-cast MgGd_3Zn_1 alloy. During solid solution treatment, these broken eutectic networks are spheroidized and highly dispersed. In addition, plentiful lamellar long period stacking ordered(LPSO) phases are precipitated in an α-Mg matrix when the Li addition is not more than 4%. Solid-solution treated Mg_(92)Gd_3Zn_1Li_4 alloy exhibits an optimal ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of 226 MPa and elongation of 5.8%. The strength of MgGd_3Zn_1 alloy is improved significantly, meanwhile, the toughness is apparently increased.     

Formation of 14H long period stacking ordered structure and profuse stacking faults in Mg–Zn–Gd alloys during isothermal aging at high temperature

This paper proposes a time–temperature-transformation diagram of an Mg–Zn–Gd alloy. An Mg₉₇Zn₁Gd₂ (at.%) alloy shows different precipitation sequences at low, medium and high temperatures. Low-temperature aging at <523 K brings about coherent β′-phase precipitation to a -Mg solid solution, resulting in increase in strength of the alloys. However, aging at medium and high temperatures >623 K led to strengthening of the Mg–Zn–Gd alloy, owing to the formation of profuse stacking faults and 14H long period stacking ordered structure from the supersaturated -Mg matrix, respectively.     

具有长周期结构的Mg–Gd–Zn–Zr合金的微结构和摩擦学行为

利用传统的熔铸法制备Mg-14.28Gd-2.44Zn-0.54Zr合金,研究铸态和固溶态合金的微结构。利用销-盘装置研究铸态和固溶态合金的室温润滑滑动摩擦磨损行为研究。在外载荷为40 N,滑动速度为30-300 mm/s以及滑行路程为5000 m情况下,测量磨损率和摩擦因数。研究结果表明：铸态合金主要由α-Mg固溶体、分布在基体内的层片状的14H型长周期结构（LPSO）和β-[（Mg,Zn）3Gd]相组成。经过温度为773 K固溶处理35 h后,大量的β相转变成具有14H型X相LPSO结构。由于固溶处理后大量β相转变为热稳定的韧性X-Mg12Gd Zn长周期结构相,固溶合金呈现较低的抗磨损能力。     

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on LPSO Kinking and Microstructure Evolution of Mg-11Gd-4Y-2Zn-O.5Zr Alloy

Two different kinds of hot compressions,namely normal-compression and can-compression,were performed on the Mg-11Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy,featured with long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase.The kinking behavior of LPSO phase and microstructure evolution was investigated to clarify the effect of levels of imposed hydrostatic pressure.The results suggest that the LPSO phases including both the intragranular 14H-LPSO phase and intergranular 18R-LPSO phase suffer severe kinking behavior under higher hydrostatic pressure induced by can-compression,which is firstly characterized with more kinking times and smaller relative kinking width.The main reason for such enhanced LPSO kinking during cancompression may be mainly ascribed to the higher dislocation density under a higher level of hydrostatic pressure.Meanwhile,a competitive relationship between the kink behaviors of intergranular 18R-LPSO phase and intragranular 14H-LPSO phase was observed.That is,the intergranular 18R-LPSO phase only kinks obviously on the condition that the surrounded intragranular 14H-LPSO phase scarcely kinks.In contrast to the distinctive kinking of LPSO phase,the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism shows less dependence on the hydrostatic pressure.Resultantly,similar DRX fractions and crystallographic texture were attained for two compression processes owing to the similar operation of deformation mode.     

Effects of heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) (WGZ1152) alloy during different heat treatments were investigated. Almost all the Mg₂₄(GdYZn)₅ eutectic phases dissolved into the α-Mg matrix after solution treatment at 535 °C for 20 h. After ageing at 225 °C for 24 h (T6 state), a great amount of fine β′ precipitates formed. Both the 18R-type long period stacking ordered (LPSO) Mg₁₂YZn phase and 6H′-type LPSO phase exhibit good thermal stability during the high-temperature heat treatments process. The 18R-type LPSO Mg₁₂YZn phases are much harder than α-Mg matrix and have a volume fraction of ∼16%. The ultimate tensile strength at the room temperature of the peak-aged alloy (T6 state) is 307 ± 6 MPa and elongation is 1.4 ± 0.3%. The alloy in T6 state shows anomalous positive temperature dependence of the strength from room temperature to 250 °C, and maintains a strength of more than 260 MPa up to 300 °C (0.64T_m). The excellent strength of the WGZ1152 alloy at both room and elevated temperatures is mainly attributed to the solid solution strengthening, β′ precipitates strengthening and LPSO strengthening. Slip line observations suggest a transition from basal to non-basal slip with increasing temperature.     

Zn含量对Mg-6Gd-4Y变形镁合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

研究了Mg-6Gd-4Y(wt.%)合金与添加1％Zn的Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明：Mg-6Gd-4Y合金的铸态组织由?-Mg基体和Mg24(GdY)5两相组成。而含有Zn的Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织则主要由α-Mg,Mg24(GdY)5和具有18R-LPSO结构的Mg12Y1Zn1相组成。挤压后,在含锌合金中发现了14H-LPSO相,分布于条状分布的Mg12Y1Zn1之间。14H-LPSO相的形成机理为沉淀析出,反应可表示为α-Mg′→α-Mg + 14H。Zn含量对β系列沉淀物没有明显的影响。在Mg-6Gd-4Y合金和Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金上进行的时效（T6和T5）处理均引起β"析出相的形成。T6处理后的Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金具有高拉伸强度和良好的延展性,屈服强度（YS）,抗拉强度（UTS）和延伸率分别为309MPa,438MPa和6.8％。这是18R-LPSO相与细小弥散分布的14H-LPSO相和β"沉淀相共同作用的结果。     

The structure of long period stacking/order Mg-Zn-RE phases with extended non-stoichiometry ranges

We propose structural models of the unique long period stacking/order (LPSO) phases formed in Mg-Zn-RE alloys, based on Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy observations and first principles calculations. The LPSO structures are long period stacking derivatives of the hcp Mg structure, and the Zn/RE distributions are restricted at the four close-packed atomic layers forming local fcc stacking (i.e. a local ABCA stacking). Chemical order is well developed for the LPSO phases formed in Mg₉₇Zn₁Er₂ (14H type) and Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉ (18R type) alloys with pronounced superlattice reflections, and the relevant Zn/RE distributions clearly emerge in the Z-contrast atomic images. Initial ternary ordered models were constructed by placing all the atoms at the ideal honeycomb sites, leading to plausible space groups of P6₃/mcm for the 14H type and C2/m, P3₁12 or P3₂12 for the 18R type. The characteristic ordered features are well represented by local Zn₆RE₈ clusters, which are embedded in the fcc stacking layers in accordance with the L1₂ type short-range order. Energy favored structural relaxations of the initial model cause significant displacement of the Zn/RE positions, implying that strong Zn-RE interactions may play a critical role in phase stability. The LPSO phases seem to tolerate a considerable degree of disorder at the Zn and RE sites with statistical co-occupations by Mg, extending the non-stoichiometric phase region bounded along the Zn/RE equiatomic line from ∼Mg_94.0Zn_2.0Y_4.0 to ∼Mg_83.3Zn_8.3Y_8.3.     

Mg97Y2Zn1合金中18R型长周期有序相的微观结构（英文）

通过第一性原理计算研究Mg97Y2Zn1合金中18R型长周期有序相(LPSO)的微观结构,从理论上确定Zn和Y原子在LPSO相中的排列。结果表明:添加原子首先分布在18R型LPSO相两端的层错层,然后向内部的层错层延伸。计算结果与实验现象非常吻合。同时,也揭示了18R与其他LPSO相之间的微观结构关系;结合能和形成焓表明了18R型LPSO相的稳定性与Y和Zn原子含量之间的关系。计算得到的电子结构揭示了18R型LPSO相微观结构和稳定性潜在的机理。     

固溶处理对压铸GZ142合金显微组织的影响

借助XRD、SEM、EDX和TEM检测手段,对比了固溶处理前后压铸GZ142合金的显微组织。结果表明,固溶处理前压铸GZ142合金由α-Mg基体和(Mg, Zn)₃Gd共晶次生相组成,在400 ℃下固溶处理1 h后,晶内生成了大量层状14H型的长周期堆垛有序结构（LPSO）,同时,部分(Mg, Zn)₃Gd共晶次生相转变成同样具有长周期堆垛有序结构的X相。     

热处理对挤压态Mg-6Gd-5Y-1Zn合金组织与性能的影响

通过对Mg-6Gd-5Y-1Zn(质量分数,%)合金在固溶和时效处理状态下显微组织和力学性能的研究发现,α-Mg基体、沿挤压方向分布的条状18R-LPSO相、少量的Mg₂₄(GdYZn)₅ 相以及细层片状的14H-LPSO相构成了挤压态合金的组成相。挤压态合金经固溶(T4)处理后,一部分18R-LPSO相溶入基体,并且基体中的14H-LPSO相伸长同时粗化。挤压态合金经过固溶加时效(T6)处理后,大量β′相从α-Mg基体中析出。T6态合金的室温力学性能最好,其屈服强度、抗拉强度及伸长率分别为272 MPa、406 MPa和6.1%。β′相沉淀也发生在挤压态合金的直接人工时效(T5)处理过程,但相比于T6处理,14H-LPSO相和β′相在基体中的体积分数均偏低。     

挤压比及不同Mn含量对Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-xMn镁合金组织性能的影响

通过模铸法制备了Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-xMn (x=0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, wt.%)系列镁合金,研究了挤压比及Mn含量对Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-xMn镁合金显微组织及室温力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：铸态Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.6Zn-xMn合金经热挤压后,合金中的长周期堆垛有序(LPSO)结构由亚稳的18R结构转变为稳定的14H结构。大挤压比能够显著提高合金的室温力学性能,当Mn含量为0.8%时,未时效态抗拉强度达到386MPa,断后延伸率约为10%。     

Comparative Study on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y and Mg-Zn-Gd Alloys

Rare earth (RE) elements have large solid solubility in magnesium and are widely used to regulate the microstructure and property of advanced magnesium alloys. However, different kinds of RE elements have different effects on microstructure and property of the alloy. In this study, a Mg-Zn-Y alloy and a Mg-Zn-Gd alloy with alloying elements of the same atomic percentage were designed to clarify the effect of yttrium (Y) and gadolinium (Gd) on the corrosion behavior of as-cast MgZn₂Y_2.66 and MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloys. The results show that the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase and long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, while MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase and (Mg, Gd)₃Zn phase (W phase). Generally speaking, the corrosion phenomena of the two alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution are similar. In the early stages of exposure, the alloys underwent uniform corrosion at a relatively low corrosion rate. With prolonged exposure, localized corrosion became dominated and the corrosion rate was greatly increased. However, the corrosion rate of the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy, in terms of the corrosion current density, is about one order of magnitude lower than that of the MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloy. The high corrosion resistance of the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy is mainly attributed to the presence of LPSO phase in form of continuous networks and the relatively high corrosion resistance of the corrosion product layer on the alloy.     

Effects of phase composition on the mechanical properties and damping capacities of as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys

The present work mainly investigated the microstructures, mechanical properties, and damping capacities of as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys with varied phase composition. Alloys of MgZn₂, W-phases (Mg₃Y₂Zn₃), I-phases (Mg₃YZn₆), and X-phases (Mg₁₂YZn) were obtained by adjusting the Zn/Y ratio (in wt%). The crystallographic structure of the X-phase [long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase] and the crystallographic relationship between the W-phase and the Mg matrix were determined. The strengthening effects of the phase composition on the alloys exhibited the following trend: W + LPSO > LPSO>W + I > MgZn₂. Variations in the phase composition resulted in almost consistent variations in the damping capacities of the alloys compared with their mechanical properties. The LPSO structural phase could enhance the mechanical properties and simultaneously maintain the good damping capacity of the alloys.     

Double-peak ageing behavior of Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn alloy

Ageing behavior of Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn alloy was investigated during isothermal ageing at 180 °C. Two significant ageing peaks were observed at 36 h and 80 h, respectively. Examination of microstructure evolution during ageing revealed that 14H long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase forms in the α-Mg matrix and its volume fraction increases, (Mg, Zn)_xDy particle phases precipitate and their size, distribution and amount vary, as ageing time increases. The LPSO strengthening and the precipitation strengthening are two main mechanisms responsible for the double-peak ageing behavior observed for the Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn alloy. The first ageing peak is mainly attributed to the precipitation strengthening of a large amount of the fine (Mg, Zn)_xDy particle phases. The second ageing peak arises mainly from the LPSO strengthening of a high volume fraction of the 14H LPSO phase.     

不同尺寸Mg−Gd−Y−Zn−Ag镁合金零件冷却后的腐蚀行为

研究不同尺寸的Mg?6Gd?3Y?1Zn?0.3Ag(质量分数,％)镁合金零件冷却后的腐蚀行为.小型零件冷却较快,其显微组织由镁基体和粗大的长周期堆垛有序结构(LPSO)相组成.大型零件冷却较慢,其显微组织除镁基体和粗大的LPSO相外,晶粒内部有薄片状LPSO相析出.析氢测试结果表明,大型零件的腐蚀速度高于小型零件.交...     

激光熔覆FeCrNiCoMnBx高熵合金涂层的组织结构与性能

采用激光熔覆技术制备FeCrNiCoMnB_x高熵合金涂层,研究了硼含量对激光熔覆FeCrNiCoMnB_x高熵合金涂层的组织结构、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,以及硼化物中层错形成机制。结果表明:涂层均由简单fcc结构固溶体和硼化物两相组成。当硼含量x≤0.75时,生成的硼化物以(Cr,Fe)_2B相为主;而当硼含量x=1时,生成大量的(Fe,Cr)_2B相。随着硼含量的增加,涂层中的硼化物含量增加,硬度增大,耐磨性能增强。硼化物(Fe,Cr)_2B相在(110)面存在大量堆垛层错。硼化物中的层错是(Fe,Cr)_2B相通过(110)面的层错(滑移距离为1/4[111])方式而向(Cr,Fe)_2B相转变而产生。