Quantitative subfemtomole analysis of alpha-tocopherol and deuterated isotopomers in plasma using tabletop GC/MS/MS

A rapid, high-selectivity method with subfemtomole sensitivity is reported for quantification of alpha-tocopherol in plasma-based gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) using a tabletop quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Sample workup is rapid, consisting of protein precipitation followed by liquid/liquid extraction and O-trimethylsilyl derivatization of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T-TMS) and an internal standard, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PC-TMS). Rudimentary chromatography was carried out using an 8-m DB-5 capillary column resulting in an analyte retention time of 7.2 min. No interferences from the plasma matrix were observed. The assay has a detection limit of 178 amol (89.6 fg) and a lower limit of quantification of 700 amol (350 fg) of derivatized alpha-tocopherol in diluted plasma; < 30 pL of plasma is estimated to yield sufficient alpha-tocopherol for quantitative analysis at typical concentrations found in humans. A calibration curve constructed from National Institute of Standards and Technology serum standards was linear in the working range of 1.9-1073 ng/mL (0.95-0.54 ng). Within- and between-day precision averaged 5.8% and did not exceed 11.3% for three concentrations of quality control (QC) solutions. The overall accuracy for the QC samples was within 7.2%. Storage studies showed that, alpha-T-TMS and PC-TMS are stable under conditions that might be encountered during analyses. In a test study, plasma kinetic curves for alpha-tocopherol-d6 and alpha-tocopherol-d3 were obtained for a catheterized pregnant ewe and her fetus who were simultaneously given a bolus injection of alpha-tocopherol-d6, to the ewe and alpha-tocopherol-d3 to the fetus. These data show that a tabletop GC ion trap can determine alpha-T-TMS and its isotopomers quantitatively at high selectivity in a complex matrix.     

Confirmation and quantitation of selected sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and sulfonamide herbicides in surface water using electrospray LC/MS

A multianalyte method has been developed for the confirmation and quantitation of 16 selected sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and sulfonamide herbicides in surface water. Samples are acidified, the analytes are extracted using RP-102 extraction cartridges, and the extracts are cleaned-up using an anion-exchange cartridge (SAX) stacked on top of an alumina cartridge. The final extracts are evaporated to dryness, redissolved in 10:90 or 20:80 acetonitrile/water, and analyzed using electrospray LC/MS. Confirmation criteria were defined so that identification of the analytes could be made with a reasonable degree of scientific certainty. Confirmation required that (1) LC/MS retention times of the analytes be within 1% of the retention times of the standards, (2) the molecular ion and two characteristic fragment ions per analyte be present, and (3) ion abundance ratios of the fragment ions relative to the molecular ion be within 20% of the ion ratios obtained for the standards. Each of the analytes in all of the samples used to validate this method met these confirmation criteria. Quantitation of the analytes at 0.1 and 1.0 ppb was demonstrated, with average recoveries between 70% and 114% and relative standard deviations that were less than 13%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for this method is 0.1 ppb (ng/mL) for all analytes. Six water types were used for the validation of this method.     

Sensitive determination of erythromycin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of erythromycin in human plasma (EDTA as anticoagulant) was developed and validated. The concentration ranges were 0.5-50 and 50-5000 ng ml-1. The procedure involved alkalization of 0.5 ml of plasma, one step liquid-liquid extraction, dryness of the extract and reconstitution in 80:20 water:acetonitrile. An Inertsil ODS-2 5 microns, 3.0 x 50 mm column (Metachem) with a C8 guard column and isocratic mobile phase were used for liquid chromatography. The mobile phase consisted of 1:1 acetonitrile:water with 2 mM NH4OAc and 0.1% HOAc. A flow rate of 0.7 ml min-1 was used. The analysis time on LC-MS/MS for one sample was approximately 2 min. A Turbo-Ionspray source was interfaced between the HPLC and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Sciex API III Plus). MS/MS analysis used Multi-Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. The lowest limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.5 ng ml-1 with all Quality Control (QC) sample recoveries varying between 88 and 105%. Nine intraday and interday calibration curves were generated yielding correlation coefficients ranging from 0.995 to 1.000. Average recovery for erythromycin at 1 ng ml-1 was 105% (+/- 4.5%). Average recovery for the internal standard was 83-103%. Short-term and long-term stability in the freezer (-20 degrees C), bench stability, and stability after 3 freeze/thaw cycles at -20 and -80 degrees C were conducted. The samples were found to be stable under all conditions. The method developed and validated proved useful for clinical pharmacokinetic study sample analysis with high throughput due to its high sensitivity and very short analysis time.     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定高温合金中痕量砷

高温合金中Co含量较高,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定高温合金中As时,⁵⁹Co¹⁶O⁺会严重干扰As的分析,这一直是ICP-MS测定高温合金中痕量As的研究难点。在串联四极杆(MS/MS)模式下向碰撞/反应池内通入O₂,设置一级质量过滤器(Q1)m/z=75,⁷⁵As⁺可以与O₂反应生成⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺,而干扰离子不能与O₂发生反应,将二级质量过滤器(Q2)设置为m/z=91,仅⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺通过并被检测器检测,从而避免了⁵⁹Co¹⁶O⁺的质谱干扰。据此,建立了电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法(ICP-MS/MS)测定高温合金中痕量As的方法。采用As质量浓度为1.000 ng/mL、Co质量浓度为1.000~1 000 μg/mL的系列标准溶液考察了单四极杆和MS/MS两种模式下Co对As测定的质谱干扰。结果表明,在MS/MS模式下,As的回收率均在100%左右,这说明在MS/MS质量转移模式下,采用O₂为反应气,通过两次质量选择,可以成功消除Co基体带来的严重干扰。对O₂流速进行了优化,选择O₂流速为0.375 mL/min。方法线性范围为1.00~100 ng/mL,线性相关系数为1.000 0,检出限为0.006 7 μg/g,定量限为0.023 μg/g。选择纯钴标准样品为测定对象,按照实验方法对其中As进行测定,并进行加标回收试验,回收率在96%~102%之间。采用所建立的方法对镍基高温合金标准物质和高温合金样品中As进行测定,测定结果分别与认定值或原子荧光光谱法测定值基本一致,实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.6%～2.8%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定稀土系贮氢合金中镉和铅

采用硝酸低温溶解试样,以2%(V/V)硝酸为测定介质,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀土系贮氢合金中镉和铅的方法。以~(111) Cd和~(208)Pb作为测定同位素,消除了同量异位素和多原子离子的质谱干扰;以10.0ng/mL的~(133) Cs为内标校正了基体效应和仪器信号漂移。镉和铅元素的校准曲线相关系数均大于0.999 8,线性关系良好,方法检出限分别为0.03ng/mL和0.04ng/mL,方法测定下限分别为0.10ng/mL和0.13ng/mL。采用在稀土系贮氢合金试样中加入镉和铅标准溶液的方法配制稀土系贮氢合金合成试样,按实验方法进行处理并测定,测得结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定结果基本一致。采用实验方法对稀土系贮氢合金中铅进行测定,相对标准偏差(n=11)为4.2%,镉和铅的加标回收率分别为96%~104%和95%~102%。     

Abbott propoxyphene assay: evaluation and comparison of TDx FPIA and GC/MS methods

This study evaluated the capability of the Abbott TDx assay to test for propoxyphene in urine and various biological samples, including tissues obtained from three fatal overdoses, by comparison to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). First, within-run and between-run precision were determined using three control samples (200, 400, and 900 ng/mL) tested over a two-week period. Within-run coefficients of variation (CV) for the three controls were 1.4, 2.2, and 2.5%, respectively; the between-run CVs were 2.5, 3.1, and 4.0%, respectively. The cross-reactivity with norpropoxyphene, the major metabolite of propoxyphene, was concentration dependent and in the range of 29.3 to 92.6%. Propoxyphene and its metabolite were assayed in biological samples the same day using the Abbott TDx and GC/MS. Tissue preparations were analyzed by TDx without specimen pretreatment other than homogenization and dilution with saline. The TDx results were in accordance with the results obtained by GC/MS.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定磷灰石中稀土元素分量和总量

基于电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)在稀土元素分析方面的优势,以HCl、HNO₃、HF和HClO₄溶解样品,控制He气流量为4.70 mL/min,实现了动能歧视碰撞池(KED)-ICP-MS对磷灰石样品中稀土元素分量和总量的测定。通过选择合适的同位素避免了质谱干扰;通过稀释基体质量浓度不大于0.25 mg/mL和选择45 ng/mL¹⁸⁵Re为内标进行校正相结合的方法消除了非质谱干扰。实验表明,在选定的实验条件下,各稀土元素在0～100 ng/mL范围内与其对应的质谱强度呈良好的线性关系,校准曲线相关系数r为0.999 0～0.999 9,方法检出限为0.000 1～0.019 2 ng/mL。将实验方法应用于磷灰石实际样品中稀土元素分量和总量的测定,所得结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.1%～4.7%,加标回收率为96%～109%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定低合金钢中镧铈镨钕

采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定低合金钢中镧、铈、镨、钕的含量。根据丰度高和无干扰的原则来选择¹³⁹La(99.911)、
¹⁴⁰Ce(88.48)、¹⁴¹Pr(100)、¹⁴⁶Nd(17.62)为测量同位素;对仪器工作条件进行了优化,确定功率为1200W,载气流量为0.84L/min;讨论了测定条件对结果的影响,确定测定介质为2%硝酸;考察了基体质量浓度对待测元素信号强度的影响,确定基体质量浓度在0.5g/L以下;以铑、铟、铯和铊为内标元素对仪器信号漂移和基体效应进行校正试验,选择10ng/mL铯为内标。基体浓度小于0.5mg/mL。方法检出限为0.00072~0.0017ng/mL,方法测定下限为0.0024~0.0057ng/mL。采用实验方法对低合金钢实际样品进行测定,测定结果与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在1.2%~4.0%之间。     

二乙基三胺五乙酸浸取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定石灰性土壤中有效态铜锌铁锰

采用二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)浸提石灰性土壤样品中有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn后,样品溶液基体盐分较大,此时若直接采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行测定,极易使仪器的采样锥和截取锥发生堵塞,雾室和炬管积盐,进而影响测定准确性。据此,实验用DTPA浸提样品后,采用对样品溶液稀释10~30倍和在标准溶液系列中加入DTPA溶液进行基体匹配的方法以消除基体干扰,利用氦碰撞模式进行测定以消除多原子离子⁴⁰Ar¹⁶O对⁵⁶Fe的质谱干扰,最终实现了ICP-MS对石灰性土壤中有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的测定。对氦气流量进行了优化,并确定氦气流量为4.5mL/min。在优化的实验条件下,Cu、Zn的质量浓度为5~200ng/mL、Fe的质量浓度为100~3000ng/mL、Mn的质量浓度为30~1000ng/mL时,各元素质量浓度分别与其计数值呈线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.9998。方法检出限为0.003~0.01mg/kg。按照实验方法测定土壤有效态成分分析标准物质中的有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn,测定值与认定值一致,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~3.1%。采用实验方法和标准方法HJ 804—2016(电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法)进行方法对照试验,二者测定值基本一致。     

Rapid and Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Glycyrrhetic Acid in Human Plasma

A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) for the determination of glycyrrhetic acid in human plasma with ginsenoside Rh2 as internal standard was developed and validated. The plasma samples were prepared via liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Venusil MP-C18(50 mm×2.1 mm, 5μm i.d.) column at 25℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate(10:90, volume ratio) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Negative electrospray ionization was utilized as the ionization source. Glycyrrhetic acid and internal standard were determined via the mutiple reaction monitoring of precursor→production ion transitions at m/z 469→425, 409 and m/z 621→161,respectively. Each sample was chromatographed within 2.5 min. The lower limit of uantification was 0.50 ng/mL for 200 μL of plasma sample and the linear range was from 0.50 ng/mL to 800 ng/mL. The intra-and inter-day precisions were less than 8.76% in terms of relative standard deviation(RSD), and the accuracy was within a range of -3.25%-1.32% in terms of relative error(RE). The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of glycyrrhetic acid in healthy male Chinese volunteers after a single oral administration of 75 mg of glycyrrhizin.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硫化矿中金

选取60 mL逆王水和60 mL王水溶解5～10 g样品,在基体浓度不大于5.0 mg/mL时,以1%王水做为测定介质、Rh为内标,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定硫化矿中金的方法。试样中基体共存元素和试样分解所引入的酸以及载气等形成的复合离子对测定无干扰。方法检出限为0.007 5 ng/mL,测定下限为0.025 ng/mL,回收率为98%~104%。方法应用于硫化矿实际样品分析,测得结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)在0.78%~3.2%之间。     

Potentiation of paclitaxel cytotoxicity by inostamycin in human small cell lung carcinoma, Ms-1 cells

A robust new analytical method has been developed for the determination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human plasma samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The method is based on a liquid-liquid extraction procedure, precolumn derivatization, reversed-phase HPLC separation, and detection using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and selected reaction monitoring. The derivatization agent used was 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin. The internal standard for the assay procedure was a stable isotope labeled analog of 5-FU. The lower limit of quantitation was 1.0 ng/mL using 500 microL aliquots of plasma. Sample throughput on the mass spectrometer was approximately 17 samples/h (3.5 min/sample). The method was fully validated. The recovery of 5-FU averaged 76.1%. The accuracy of the assay, assessed from quality control samples, ranged from 99.1% to 104.3% (% theoretical). The overall interassay precision (% RSD) was 2.7%, and the intraassay precision (% RSD) ranged from 1.5% to 3.9%. The derivatized samples were found to be stable under sample analysis conditions and during refrigerator storage. The method was specific for the determination of 5-FU.     

动能歧视碰撞池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定光卤石中溴

采用热水浸取的方法溶解光卤石样品中溴元素,以动能歧视碰撞池(KED)为测量模式消除了多原子分子离子的干扰,以50.0ng/mL ¹⁸⁷Re为内标进行校正,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定光卤石中溴含量的方法。对热水浸取的时间和氦气流量进行了优化,确定浸取时间为10min,氦气流量为4.7mL/min。对基体效应进行了考察,结果表明,通过控制测定溶液的基体质量浓度不大于0.50mg/mL,可有效克服基体效应。在优化的实验条件下测定溴标准溶液系列,结果表明,溴质量浓度在0.100~400ng/mL范围内与其质谱强度呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9996。方法检出限为0.424μg/g,方法测定下限为1.41μg/g。采用实验方法分别对5个不同溴含量水平的光卤石样品中溴进行测定,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)在1.7%~4.7%之间;并进行加标回收试验和方法对比试验,加标回收率在98%~108%之间,测定值和品红分光光度法基本一致。     

耐氢氟酸系统进样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铀铌铅多金属矿中铌

准确测定铀铌铅多金属矿中的铌对铌的选矿研究、回收利用有重要作用。利用氢氟酸微波消解铀铌铅多金属矿样品,采用耐氢氟酸进样系统避免了氢氟酸对标配进样系统的腐蚀,选择⁹³Nb为分析同位素并以200 ng/mL ¹⁸⁵Re为内标,建立了耐氢氟酸系统进样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铀铌铅多金属矿中铌的新方法。试验发现,耐氢氟酸进样系统的质谱强度相对标配进样系统偏低,这会使得测定灵敏度降低,因此对仪器参数进行了优化,最终选择蠕动泵转速为40 r/min,等离子体功率为1 590 W。在优化的仪器条件下,五氧化二铌的质谱强度与其质量浓度在0.01~500 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 3,方法检出限为0.228 ng/mL,定量限为0.758 ng/mL。按照实验方法对铀铌铅多金属矿样品中的五氧化二铌进行测定,测试结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=9)在2.4～5.8%之间。根据实验方法进行加标回收试验,回收率介于95%～104%之间,满足国家地质矿产行业标准DZ/T 0130—2006的要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铀铌铅矿重选流程样品中铀

采用HCl、HNO_3、HF和HClO_4溶解铀铌铅矿,以电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICPMS)测定了铀铌铅矿重选流程样品(原矿、精矿、中矿和尾矿)中铀(U)。通过选择合适的同位素238 U避免了质谱干扰,通过稀释基体质量浓度不大于0.30mg/mL和选择45ng/mL185 Re为内标相结合的方法消除了非质谱干扰。实验表明,在选定的实验条件下,U质谱强度与ρ(U)在5~60ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,校准曲线相关系数r为0.999 2,方法检出限为0.000 4ng/mL。将实验方法应用于铀铌铅矿重选流程中的原矿、精矿、中矿和尾矿实际样品中U的测定,所得结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.80%~3.9%,加标回收率为102%~106%。采用实验方法对铀铌铅矿重选流程样品(原矿、精矿、中矿和尾矿)中任意3个流程样品中的U含量进行测定,将其测定值代入质量守恒定律计算得到第4个流程样品中U含量的计算值,由实验方法对第4个流程样品中U含量的测定值与其计算值相比可计算得到第4个流程样品中U的回算率,实验表明,U的回算率为98%~106%。     

Determination and confirmation of identities of flumequine and nalidixic, oxolinic, and piromidic acids in salmon and shrimp

A previously published liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining residues of flumequine (FLU) and nalidixic (NAL), oxolinic (OXO), and piromidic (PIR) acids in catfish tissue was applied to salmon and shrimp muscle. Identities of all 4 residues in salmon and shrimp were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The tissue is homogenized with acetone, the acetone extract is defatted with hexane, and the quinolones are extracted into chloroform. The extract is further purified by first partitioning into base and then back-extracting from a solution acidified to pH 6.0. Analytes are determined by LC with simultaneous UV and fluorescence detection. Muscle tissue was fortified with each quinolone at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng/g. Average recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) for salmon, which represent an average of the 5 levels for each analyte, ranged from 75.9 to 90.8% and from 2.25 to 6.40%, respectively. Average recoveries and RSDs for shrimp ranged from 81.3 to 91.2% and from 7.34 to 10.7%, respectively. Identities of OXO, FLU, NAL, and PIR were confirmed in extracts of salmon and shrimp tissue fortified at 10 ng/g by determination of decarboxylated quinolones by GC/MS. Four diagnostic ions were monitored for OXO, FLU, and PIR, and 5 ions were monitored for NAL. All ion relative abundances were within 10% of those calculated for standard decarboxylated quinolones. Optimum conditions for decarboxylation and GC/MS confirmation are given.     

Electrospray analysis of biological samples for trace amounts of trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and monochloroacetic acid

Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been identified as a widespread groundwater contaminant. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) are toxicologically relevant metabolites of TCE that produce tumors in B6C3F1 mice. A sensitive method for measuring these metabolites in plasma has been developed to obtain pharmacokinetic data from TCE exposure. This is particularly important because DCA is more potent at producing hepatoproliferative lesions than TCA. At present, it is unclear whether DCA is produced by humans. Existing gas chromatographic methods cannot detect DCA at low nanogram-per-milliliter levels. A Finnigan TSQ 700 mass spectrometer (MS) with electrospray ionization was used to measure TCA, DCA, and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in plasma. The MS was operated in negative ion tandem MS mode. The limit of detection for TCA and DCA was 4 ng/ml, and the limit of detection for MCA was 25 ng/mL. Plasma samples from human subjects exposed to 100 ppm TCE for 4 h contained TCA at concentrations as high as 10 micrograms/mL. DCA concentrations were less than 5 ng/mL, and MCA was not detected (less than 25 ng/mL).     

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锰矿石中钛钒锶

采用高压密闭消解系统,以6 mL HNO₃-1 mL HF-3 mLHCl酸体系消解锰矿石,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定锰矿石中钛、钒、锶3种金属元素的方法。选择⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V和⁸⁸Sr为待测同位素,以钪(⁴⁵Sc)和铟(¹¹⁵In)为内标校正了基体效应与信号漂移。钛、钒和锶校准曲线的线性相关系数均为0.999 9,检出限分别为0.12、0.003 0和0.014 ng/mL。将方法用于锰矿石实际样品分析,结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=11)不大于2.0%,加标回收率在99%~102%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定高纯钼中痕量镉

高纯钼中痕量镉因受到钼氧、钼氮等多原子离子的严重干扰,即使采用高分辨质谱仪也无法准确分析。为了有效消除干扰,采用串联质谱的反应池技术,选取¹¹¹Cd为分析同位素,分别在H₂和NH₃模式下讨论了1000μg/mL Mo标准溶液和1000μg/mL Mo-1.000ng/mL Cd混合标准溶液的信号强度以及背景等效浓度(BEC)的变化趋势,并优化了气体流速;最终选择0.4mL/min的NH₃做反应气,此时1000μg/mL Mo标准溶液中Cd的背景等效浓度约为0.8ng/L,表明钼氧、钼氮等多原子离子对Cd的干扰可被有效地消除。在选定的仪器测试条件下,校准曲线的线性相关系数大于0.9999,方法检出限为2.7ng/g,加标回收率为93%~105%。采用所建立的电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)测定高纯钼中痕量镉的方法分析高纯钼样品,测得结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.50%~4.2%。