Duff反应合成2-羟基-1-萘甲醛的研究

2-羟基-1-萘甲醛是一种重要中间体,在医药、染料、农用杀虫剂、香料等领域有着广泛的用途。以2-萘酚为原料,通过Duff反应得到2-羟基-1-萘甲醛。实验考察了反应温度和乌洛托品用量的不同对收率的影响。最佳工艺条件如下:n(2-萘酚)∶n(乌洛托品)=1∶1.6,反应时间为4h,反应温度为85℃。在此条件下反应收率为69.0%,纯度为99.6%。采用的工艺路线合理,产品收率高。     

(R)-2,2'-二甲基丙烯酰胺-1,1'-联萘的合成

以2-萘酚和80%水合肼为起始原料,经3步反应合成了光学活性的2,2'-二胺-1,1'-联萘。在缚酸剂存在下,将所得光学活性的二胺与甲基丙烯酰氯反应制备得到目标产物(R)-2,2'-二甲基丙烯酰胺-1,1'-联萘。各步产物的结构经核磁分析得到确认。研究了水合肼与2-萘酚的投料比对中间体2-萘肼收率的影响,以及缚酸剂类别、反应温度对目标产物收率的影响,得到了一种适宜的合成工艺路线。     

莱穆尔-梯曼反应合成2-羟基-1-萘甲醛的研究

2-羟基-1-萘甲醛是一种重要中间体,很有开发前景和实用价值。以2-萘酚为原料,通过莱穆尔-梯曼反应得到2-羟基-1-萘甲醛。实验考察了反应温度和氯仿的用量对收率的影响,最佳工艺条件:n(2-萘酚)∶n(氯仿)=1∶2.2,反应时间3h,反应温度为70℃。反应收率为63.0%,纯度99.5%。该工艺路线合理,反应时间短,产品收率高。     

C.I.分散红92合成研究

以1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌、氯磺酸、氯化亚砜、3-乙氧基丙胺为原料及Na2CO3为缚酸剂合成了C.I.分散红92。研究了氯磺酸、氯化亚砜用量及温度对氯磺化的影响,研究了3-乙氧基丙胺用量、pH值及温度对胺化缩合的影响。通过实验得到了较佳的反应条件,原料摩尔比是1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌:氯磺酸:氯化亚砜:3-乙氧基丙胺为1:8:0.6:1;氯磺化温度为30℃～35℃;胺化缩合pH值为7～8,温度为15℃～20℃。并通过HPLC、1H-NMR、IR和MS对目标产品进行了分析。以1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌计,总收率大于91%,目标产品HPLC纯度大于99%,溶剂回收率为95%。     

乙氧萘青霉素钠中间体2-乙氧基-萘醛制备工艺中Vilsmeier反应的绿色改进

以β-萘酚为原料,经醚化和Vilsmeier反应,合成了乙氧萘青霉素钠的侧链合成中间体2-乙氧基-萘醛,总收率90.2%,并对第二步Vilsmeier反应的合成工艺进行了改进,提高了收率,降低了废液的总磷、总氮和总量,提高了反应的环境友好性。     

“一锅法”合成2-羟基-1-萘甲醛技术研究

以2-萘酚和氯仿为原料,甲醇为溶剂,在新的相转移催化剂和碱性条件下应用"一锅法"合成技术合成了2-羟基-1-萘甲醛。研究了原料配比、反应时间、反应温度、相转移催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响,获得的最佳合成条件是:2-萘酚0.028 mol,氯仿0.084 mol,相转移催化剂用量为0.25g,40%NaOH溶液为12 mL,反应温度76℃,反应时间60 min,2-羟基-1-萘甲醛的收率达到58.7%。     

石杉碱甲关键中间体的合成

目的,研究石杉碱甲关键中间体β-酮酯的合成路线及工艺;方法,以7,8-二氢-1-甲氧基萘(1)为起始原料,经羰基化反应、环氧化物异构化、双环环化得β-酮酯,总收率8.5%;结果,合成了目标化合物,其化学结构经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS得以确证;结论,该合成路线及工艺使石杉碱甲关键中间体β-酮酯的收率提高了,并降低了成本.     

4-甲基咪唑合成工艺研究

研究了以丙酮醛、甲醛、氨水及草酸铵等为原料合成药物中间体4-甲基咪唑的工艺路线,分析了反应机理,考察了pH值等因素对反应收率的影响,并用DSC、IR、GC等方法对产物进行了分析。     

6-羟基-2-氟-N-取代芳基苄胺类化合物的合成

6-羟基-2-氟-N-取代芳基苄胺类化合物是合成含氟嘧啶氧苄胺类除草剂的关键中间体,本文以2,6-二氟苯醛为起始原料,合成6-羟基-2-氟苯甲醛,再与芳胺缩合成Schiff 碱,最后经硼氢化钠还原,合成了5个化合物,其结构经1HNMR和MS表征.     

(R)-1,1'-联萘-2,2'-二甲酸的合成

研究了(R)-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-二甲酸的合成方法,设计了一条合适的合成路线并进行了优化。以(R)-联二萘酚为起始原料,依次经过羟基的三氟甲基磺酸化反应、甲基化反应、溴代反应、水解反应,最后氧化成(R)-1,1’-联萘-2,2’-二甲酸。在相关文献和专利的基础上,进行了创新,合成路线简单易行,具有应用价值。     

Characterisation of separated melamine—formaldehyde adducts (methylolmelamines) and adduct mixtures by h.p.l.c. and by n.m.r. and u.v. spectroscopy

Most of the individual methylolmelamines that occur in melamine–formaldehyde adduct mixtures have been separated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) and recovered in amounts sufficient to allow their characterisation by high-field ¹H- and ¹³C-n.m.r. Particular attention has been paid to the chemical shifts of the aromatic azine carbons of the melamine nuclei. These carbon shifts are shown broadly to be in agreement with some values previously published, but additional assignments have been made. It is shown that a satisfactory quantitative analysis of the methylolmelamines in a melamine–formaldehyde adduct mixture can be carried out either by h.p.l.c. or by ¹³C-n.m.r.     

In-situ monitoring of the stabilization with hydrogen of free radicals thermally induced from coal using high pressure e.s.r., d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment

High temperature, high pressure e.s.r. measurements of the hydrogenation reaction of Taiheiyo coal in the presence of catalysts were carried out to understand the stabilization of thermally and/or catalytically induced free radicals. A decrease in free radical concentration with increasing temperature was observed for ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts at 10MPa under hydrogen gas. High pressure modified single-cell d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment augmented the uniquely designed high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. cell. The hydrogenation reaction was monitored under the same experimental conditions as for e.s.r. From the results of the combination of high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. with high pressure d.t.a. and p.d.a., it was established that H₂ molecules can react efficiently with free radicals from coal molecules created by the presence of ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts.     

球形壳聚糖固定化糖化酶的研究

研究了以球形壳聚糖作载体固定化糖化酶的方法，探讨了戊二醛用量，酶量，温度，pH值对固定化效果的影响。     

Two-dimensional n.m.r. characterization of cycloaliphatic epoxy resins

The cycloaliphatic epoxy resins were studied by various two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D n.m.r.) spectroscopies. The ¹³C n.m.r. spectra of the epoxy resins were assigned by using DEPT and 2D INADEQUATE techniques and the ¹H n.m.r. spectra were assigned by using 2D ¹H---¹H and ¹H---¹³C COSY techniques. Complete characterization of the samples synthesized by the oxidation of cyclohexene derivatives not only revealed the existence of the stereochemical isomers resulting from the structural difference of the oxide rings in the samples but also provided the composition ratio of the isomers.     

Quench solvent evaluation: An e.s.r. study

An in-situ radical-quenching experiment was performed in an e.s.r. microwave cavity by using a solution flow system. Diphenylmethyl radicals produced from pyrolysis of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane were quenched by several H-donor solvents. Among the solvents used, indan was the fastest in quenching, followed by hydrophenanthrene, tetralin, mesitylene and cumene in decreasing order of quenching rate.     

Evaluation of a delayed coking process by H and C n.m.r. spectroscopy: 2. Detailed interpretation of liquid n.m.r. spectra

The ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectra of a delayed coking feedstock and products, presented in a previous paper, are analysed here in detail by matching results from inspection of both nuclei. The conventional spectra of whole samples are used in combination with elemental analysis data, and substantial agreement is obtained. Differences are explored to yield valuable information. Interpretation of some band assignments is modified to account for new results. This approach results in a detailed quantitative estimation of a few key structures that contain the main functional groups that characterize these petroleum fractions.     

E.s.r. spectra of eastern oil shales

E.s.r. spectra of several oil shales from eastern and western USA have been measured at 9 and 25 GHz. The spectra of the western shales were similar to previously reported spectra and consist of a Mn²⁺ signal and a featureless organic signal. The eastern spectra consist of a V⁴⁺ signal and a complex and unusual organic signal consisting of at least four component signals. The organic signal has been characterized in terms of g factor, line-width and saturation characteristics. The effect of oxygen on the signal has also been examined. Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) signals have been obtained from the organic signals of the eastern oil shales.     

活性染料SEFR值与中性固色工艺研究

根据活性染料染色特征值S．E．F．R．选择适用于中性固色工艺的活性染料，结果表明，S值高和低的活性染料对碱的浓度和温度敏感，对固色率的影响较为杂乱，但在温度为80℃时，这类染料的固色率均达到峰值：染色特征值在50-60范围内的活性染料适用于中性固色、以甲酸钠为中性固色剂对活性染料进行中性固色实验，其固色率均可达到60%左右．各项牢度均达到标准。最佳工艺条件为：甲酸钠：15g／L；尿素：20g／L；双氰胺10g／L，固色温度85℃：浴比：1：20。     

An h.p.l.e. and m.s. analysis of distillate fractions of neutral oil from hydrogenated Akabira coal to elucidate chemical structures

Akabira coal-derived neutral oil was separated into 25 narrow boiling range fractions covering 183–423 °C, and subsequently separated into compound class fractions : alkanes, monoaromatics, naphthalene-type diaromatics, fluorene-type diaromatics and tri- and/or tetraaromatics, by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). The compound type analyses of the distillate/h.p.l.c. fractions were performed using electron impact mass spectroscopy (e.i.m.s.) or field ionization mass spectroscopy (f.i.m.s.). Aromatic/hydroaromatic compound types and the alkyl side-chain carbon distribution of the distillate/h.p.l.c. fractions were clarified, based on the separation behaviour of h.p.l.c. and the type analyses according to Z value by m.s. By the distillation/h.p.l.c./m.s. method, coal-derived oil was characterized in terms of the distribution of the numbers of aromatic rings, naphthenic rings and carbons of alkyl groups attached to these rings. The variations in chemical structure in a compound class with distillation temperature are discussed in terms of these chemical structural factors.     

Structural characterization of Saudi Arabian heavy crude oil by n.m.r. spectroscopy

Saudi Arabian heavy crude oil was separated into six fractions, including five distillate fractions (<93, 93–204, 204–260, 260–343 and 343–454 °C) and a >454 °C distillation residue. Each fraction was analysed by ¹H and ¹³C n.m.r. spectroscopy, and combined gained information from these analyses provided reliable average structural parameters. These included estimation of aliphatic and aromatic content, average paraffinic chain length, and estimation of hydrogen, methyl and alkyl bearing aromatic carbons for each of the six fractions. The extent of branching in paraffinic chains and amount of aromatic bridgehead carbons were also calculated.