固定化少根根霉吸附~(241)Am的研究

以海藻酸钙为载体包埋固定少根根霉，进行了^241Am(Ⅲ）的吸附研究。结果表明：固定化少根根霉在pH＝1－7范围内，对^241Am具有明显的吸附能力，吸附率在94％以上；连续重复使用8次，吸附率基本不变，达97％以上，且仍未达到饱和吸附（吸附量为88.6kBq/g)；静态接触2h，吸附基本达到平衡；在15－45℃范围内，温度对固定化少根根霉的吸附行为无显著影响；EDTA（乙二胺四乙酸）饱和溶液和2mol/L HNO3均可将吸附在少根根霉上的^241Am解吸下来，解吸率分别为95％和98％。     

假丝酵母吸附241Am的研究

研究了假丝酵母吸附^241Am的行为及各种实验条件对吸附的影响。结果表明：假丝酵母吸附”Am的最适酸度为pH=2，吸附反应在4h左右达到平衡，反应温度在15-45℃之间对吸附影响不大。溶液中1500倍的Au^3 和4500倍的Ag^ 存在对假丝酵母吸附^241Am无明显影响。在^241Am起始体积活度C0为5．6—111MBq/L(质量浓度44．3—877．2μg/L)的溶液中，加入干假丝酵母0．82g/L，对^241Am的吸附率可达97．8％，吸附量w可达63．5MBq／g(501．8μg/g)，表明假丝酵母处理^241Am放射性废液是可行的，其生物吸附过程可由Langmuir吸附等温式来描述。     

微生物吸附241Am行为的模拟研究

研究了黑曲霉、少根根霉、假丝酵母对2 4 1Am的吸附行为以及实验条件对吸附的影响。结果表明 :用黑曲霉、少根根霉、假丝酵母处理2 4 1Am ,起始浓度C(2 4 1Am)在 5 6～ 1 1 1MBq/L范围内 ,它们的吸附量W分别为 6 2～ 1 2 4 4、4 2～ 79 4、6 6～ 63 4MBq/g ,表明用黑曲霉、少根根霉、假丝酵母处理2 4 1Am是可行的。吸附反应约经 2h达到平衡 ,反应温度在 1 5～ 45℃内对吸附影响不大 ,黑曲霉在 pH =1～ 3、少根根霉在pH =0 .3～ 3、假丝酵母在 pH =2时 ,吸附明显。2 4 1Am液相浓度与黑曲霉、少根根霉的吸附量间的关系符合Freundlich经验公式 ,假丝酵母则符合Langmuir经验公式。 2 0 0 0多倍Au3 和Ag 的存在对黑曲霉、少根根霉、假丝酵母吸附2 4 1Am无明显影响     

包气带土壤对EU(Ⅲ)的吸附

为了解废物填埋坑包气带土壤对^241Am等放射性核素的吸附,以Eu代替化学性质相似的Am,研究了吸附时间、液固比、pH、温度、Eu（Ⅲ）浓度、土壤量以及腐殖酸等对包气带土壤吸附Eu（Ⅲ）的影响。实验结果表明,在室温下,当Eu（Ⅲ）的初始质量浓度为100mg／L,液固比为30：1（V／m）,pH为7～8,吸附时间5h,土壤量为500mg时,土壤对Eu（Ⅲ）的吸附率在99％以上;Eu（Ⅲ）浓度与吸附量之间的关系符合Langmuir经验公式;腐殖酸的存在,使土壤对Eu（Ⅲ）的吸附率增加,而C2O4^2-和柠檬酸根离子使吸附率显著降低,PO4^3-和SO4^2-对吸附影响不大。     

痕量镅在玻璃上的吸附

用玻璃微球模拟玻璃器壁,研究了水溶液中痕量镅在玻璃表面上的吸附动力学特征和pH对吸附的影响。研究结果表明,在pH=2．04水溶液中,^241Am（Ⅲ）在玻璃-水溶液界面上的吸附过程由液膜扩散所控制,并且服从hagergren一级动力学方程;pH变化对吸附的影响明显,当pH=2～6时,吸附率随pH增大而迅速递增,并且出现最大值;pH=6～9时,吸附率有所降低;pH值继续增大时,吸附率随之增大。     

几种有机物对AlSUB>2/SUB>OSU

采用静态法研究了几种有机物存在时,pH对Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ)在Al2O3上吸附的影响。实验结果表明,在Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的浓度较低(1~10 nmol/L)、液固比为100 mL/g及离子强度为0.05 mol/kg KNO3等实验条件下,与不加入任何有机物相比,当pH=3.5~5.0时,加入水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二酚后,Al2O3对这2种离子的吸附率随pH增加而增加;当pH<3.5或pH>5.0时,pH对这2种离子的吸附率几乎没有影响。加入富里酸后,当pH<4.5时,2种离子的吸附率随pH增加而增加,且与加入其它有机物相比,富里酸能明显提高这2种离子的吸附率;而当pH>5.0时,2种离子的吸附率随pH增加而下降。     

Am(Ⅲ)在Al2O3和石英上的吸附行为

研究了Am(Ⅲ)在Al2O3和石英上的吸附行为,探讨了水相pH值、总CO2-3和SO2-4浓度(1.0×10-3～2.0×10-1 mol/L)、腐殖酸和Am(Ⅲ)浓度等因素对吸附的影响,并对可能的吸附机理进行了分析,同时以1.0 mol/L HCl做为解吸剂,对吸附平衡后的固相进行了解吸实验.结果表明,随着水相pH值的升高,Am(Ⅲ) 在Al2O3和石英上的吸附分配比增大,水相的化学组分及其相应浓度增大对Am(Ⅲ)在石英上的吸附影响较明显;Am(Ⅲ)在Al2O3和石英上以界面配合物的形式吸附,且可用Freundlich吸附等温式描述;水相中腐殖酸浓度增大,Am(Ⅲ)在Al2O3和石英上的吸附降低.     

絮凝沉淀处理含241Am废水时絮凝体粒径分布的影响因素初探

实验研究了利用FeSO4絮凝沉淀处理含^241Am废水时,在各种絮凝条件下絮凝体的粒径分布情况。结果显示。在絮凝剂中Fe^3＋浓度为40mg/L,废水的pH值为8．5～10,曝气速率在0．10L／min～0.14L／min之间时,絮凝体颗粒粒径较大而且分布比较集中,优势粒径范围为7500～20000nm,该粒径范围的絮凝颗粒占总体份额大于82％。在此条件下,经絮凝沉淀结合中空纤维膜微滤工艺处理含^241Am废水的去污效率达到99．9％,对废水浓缩系数可达180。     

Pu在铁及铁氧化物上的吸附行为研究

为了解放射性核素在可能作为高放废物固化体包装容器材料及其腐蚀产物上的吸附行为,研究了包装容器材料的主要组分铁及铁的腐蚀产物FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4对Pu的吸附行为,探讨了水相pH值（1．0～10．0）,CO3^2-离子浓度（4．0 mmol/L～0．1mol/L）等因素对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,Pu在铁及其氧化物上的吸附能力随水相pH值增大而增大;实验环境中氧浓度变化对Pu在铁及其氧化物上的吸附影响较小;CO3^2-浓度增大不利于Pu的吸附。     

^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）—EDTMP在体外骨模型上的吸附——Ⅰ．在羟基磷灰石上的吸附

研究了^117Sn^m及^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP在体外骨模型羟基磷灰石（HA）上的吸附及解吸特性，探讨了其骨吸附机理。吸附研究表明：^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）及^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP在HA上都有明显的吸附，其对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）的吸附量大于对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的吸附量；pH对吸附有明显影响，酸性条件最有利于吸附，弱碱性条件最不利于吸附；温度对吸附几乎没有影响。解吸研究表明：生理盐水和EDTMP对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的解吸量大于对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）的解吸量。对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的吸附机理研究初步表明：当吸附量小于60μmol/g时，络合物以整个配位络合物吸附为主；当吸附量大于60μmol/g时，配位络合物整体吸附与^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）从配体到HA的转移络合同时存在。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.