生物膜污水处理技术和生物膜载体

生物膜废水处理技术是将微生物固定在载体上形成生物膜使废水中的污染物进行降解的技术，所以载体的正确选择对提高废水处理的效果非常重要。有机合成填料等当前主要应用的生物膜载体在生物相容性、稳定性、力学性能、处理效果及再生等多方面或某一方面暴露出很多不足，制约了生物膜法水处理技术的发展，因此研制、选定更优异的生物膜载体材料已成为发展生物膜法水处理最重要的问题一。     

生物脱膜剂在制药废水生物膜处理中的应用

尿蛋白制药废水生物接触氧化工艺中，生物膜肥大化会造成废水处理生化系统有机物分解能力下降，生物膜堵塞结球、发黑发臭，微生物活性低下，影响生物膜系统效率，导致出水COD超标。高效生物脱膜剂的应用可提高微生物的生物活性，使肥大化生物膜分解、脱落，新生物膜附着重新生长，并使其不再发生肥大化现象，促进生物膜处理系统高效稳定运转，提高生化系统有机负荷，提升污水处理能力，降低废水处理成本。     

新型生物膜法废水处理中的固液分离技术

固、液分离技术是新型生物膜法废水处理中的重要组成部分。本文对新型生物膜法废水处理中的混凝原理、混合与絮凝反应以及固、液分离设施进行了探讨。     

由压力波动判断气-固流化床中的流化类型

采用压力波动标准偏差判断散式流化和聚式流化，通过实验得出了聚式流化速度 ｕｈ的经验表达式，发现 ｕｈ／ｕｍ ｆ随颗粒的增大而减小，与［（ρｐ－ ρｇ／ρｇ）（ Ｒｅｐ）ｍ ｆ］０．４８成反比，并提出了产生聚式流化的条件为［（ρｐ－ ρｇ）／ρｇ］（ Ｒｅｐ）ｍ ｆ＞ ２０００     

微细粉体振动流化床的流体力学行为研究

本文利用一种振动流化床装置实现了对Ｇｅｌｄａｒｔ２分类中Ｃ类粉体的正常流化，研究了不同振动参数对床膨胀，最小流化等流化行为的影响，提出了振动条件下最小流化速度的经验关联式。     

不同悬浮填料处理化粪池尾水的差异性及影响分析

为探究不同悬浮填料处理化粪池尾水效果的差异性与影响,选取6种悬浮填料生物膜反应器,对某高校教师公寓化粪池尾水进行处理,检测填料表面的微生物附着情况及填料流化状态,分析COD_(Cr)、NH_3-N、TP的去除效果。结果表明,6种悬浮填料表面附着的微生物膜内均镜检到固着型微生物,生物膜生长良好。虽然所有填料的除磷效果不佳,但它们均能降低有机物浓度及C/N比值,可适应人工湿地后续处理。K型填料的总有效面积、流化程度均大于多面空心球填料、蛇皮丝悬浮球填料,但K1填料流化剧烈,生物膜附着弱,生化处理性能差,COD_(Cr),和NH_3-N的去除率仅为56.79%和30.15%;K3填料和多面空心球Ⅰ填料流化程度较好,COD_(Cr)的去除率分别为69.05%和67.26%,NH_3-N的去除率分别为44.00%和35.66%;其他3种填料流化程度较差,污染物去除效果不佳,COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N的去除率均值为63.56%和26.28%。由结果可知,悬浮填料的处理效果不仅受填料总有效表面积及容积负荷的影响,还受到流化程度的影响,流化程度直接影响了表面膜的更新和微生物的附着生长。     

维纶软性填料生物接触氧化法在处理农药废水上的应用

在废水处理中被广泛采用的生物接触氧化法(即浸没式滤床法)。兼有塔式生物滤池和活性污泥法的特点,是一种好气性生物膜法。生物膜法在塔内所装的填料大都采用硬性填料。如蜂窝、斜波纹和团状塑料填料。这种填料随着生物膜的增长,孔隙率和表面积将逐渐变小,如果负荷和曝气强度不当,很容易发     

SBBR废水生物处理新工艺的研究发展及应用

介绍了序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）这种新型废水处理工艺技术的基本原理及特点,概括了SBBR在国内外污水处理中的研究现状以及有待发展与完善的问题,同时指出该工艺是一种很有竞争力的污水处理工艺,拥有良好的发展前景。     

生物膜法与活性污泥法组合处理制药废水的研究

主要研究生物膜法与活性污泥法相结合的工艺。通过对移动床悬浮填料(YLXH-25悬浮填料)生物膜组合工艺与固定式填料(辫带式填料)生物膜组合工艺的比较,得出YLXH-25悬浮填料移动床生物膜填料与活性污泥法组合工艺对废水COD的处理效果较好。为进一步掌握生物膜废水处理技术,在小试试验的基础上,将有效容积扩大10倍进行YLXH-25悬浮填料移动床生物膜与活性污泥法组合工艺实验,为废水处理升级改造提供参数。     

新型生物膜法废水处理中的曝气充氧设备

在新型生物膜法废水处理中,曝气器是向废水中供氧的关键设备。本文从理论联系实际出发,对适用于新型生物膜法废水处理中的曝气充氧设备的曝气充氧原理,需氧量与供气量等问题进行了探讨。对适用于生物接触氧化法废水处理的几种新型曝气充氧设备的规格和性能进行了系统的介绍。根据工程实践,提出了曝气充氧设备的安装和使用要点。     

A TYPICAL APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD INWASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH FLUIDIZED BED BIOFILM REACTOR

The effects of a magnetic field on wastewater treatment with a fluidized bed biofilm reactor was investigated. With glucose being the sole carbon source, the activated sludge obtained from a real wastewater treatment plant was used as a seed. Magnetically loaded polystyrene beads at the size of 500-595 μm were used as support materials for biofilm formation in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor. Magnetic field application allowed the operation of the column at high liquid flow rates, thus external diffusion limitations on the biofilm surface were lowered and the efficiency of biodegradation was increased. Denser, thinner, and more active biofilm was obtained with magnetic field application, especially in pulsed form. As expected, the system performance changed with operational parameters, and the increase in substrate removal reached up to 26% with pulsed application of a 17.8 mT DC-magnetic field under optimum conditions.     

新型生物流化床中悬浮相微生物与附着相微生物的共存研究

针对新型好氧内循环三相生物流化床反应器处理污水的特性,对反应器中悬浮生长微生物和附着生长微生物的共存关系进行了研究.结果表明,生物膜厚度随反应器有机负荷的提高而增大;随反应器悬浮状态MLSS的增加而减小,但这些因素对生物膜总量影响不大.生物膜厚度还随反应器循环液速和气含率的增大而减小,这主要是因为水力剪切作用使生物膜厚度减小.总生物量的增加对COD的去除有利,而NH3-N的去除主要依靠悬浮生长的微生物.     

厌氧流化床生物膜形成及稳定性的研究

在自行设计的厌氧流化床反应器上地厌氧流化床生物膜的形成及其稳定性进行了研究，考察了影响反应器内生物滞留量的因素（接种污泥，温度，ｐＨ，基质特性，有机质负荷）和影响生物膜构成的因素（微生物的品种及性质，生物化学反应，载体，水力特性）简述了生物膜的形成机理。     

轻质生物膜陶瓷载体的研制及在废水处理中的应用

选用轻质粘土、硅藻土和蛭石等陶瓷原料,按一定比例进行配方和制作,研制成一种轻质生物膜陶瓷载体,比重仅有1.47g/cm^3,将其用于流化床生物反应器来处理有机废水,在较小的曝气量条件下即可呈现出良好的流态化.本研究重点考察了该载体挂膜特性,并和橡胶材料作对比研究,发现陶瓷载体上的生物膜仅经过一个批次的试验后对COD的去除率就达到80%以上,而橡胶载体上的生物膜却需要5个批次后才达到同样的去除率,同时发现两种载体的表面生成的生物膜群落有差异.经过连续试验发现,陶瓷载体表面的生物膜具有比较好的生物活性.     

Experimental study of the inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor

A new apparatus, the inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor, is described. Introduction of the so called inverse fluidized bed, in which low density particles covered by a biofilm are fluidized by downflow of the liquid, allows control of the biofilm thickness and provides a high oxygen concentration in the reacting liquid. Characteristics of the reactor were studied by carrying out two important biotechnological processes: aerobic wastewater treatment by a mixed bacterial culture, and ferrous iron oxidation by the bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The bioreaction rates per unit volume of the reactor were up to 14 times higher than those in the equivalent airlift bioreactor. The structure of the liquid flow was determined by a tracer method.     

A typical application of magnetic field inwastewater treatment with fluidized bed biofilm reactor

The effects of a magnetic field on wastewater treatment with a fluidized bed biofilm reactor was investigated. With glucose being the sole carbon source, the activated sludge obtained from a real wastewater treatment plant was used as a seed. Magnetically loaded polystyrene beads at the size of 500-595 w m were used as support materials for biofilm formation in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor. Magnetic field application allowed the operation of the column at high liquid flow rates, thus external diffusion limitations on the biofilm surface were lowered and the efficiency of biodegradation was increased. Denser, thinner, and more active biofilm was obtained with magnetic field application, especially in pulsed form. As expected, the system performance changed with operational parameters, and the increase in substrate removal reached up to 26% with pulsed application of a 17.8 mT DC-magnetic field under optimum conditions.     

生物流化床处理造纸中段废水生物膜性质的研究

采用生物流化床处理造纸中段废水。试验中观测到,生物膜的生长过程是由局部扩散到整个载体表面,生物膜中起骨架作用的是累枝虫和丝状物。中段废水中含有有机氯化物对生物膜活性有一定抑制作用,但当中段废水的比例增加到80%时,生物膜的比耗氧速率(SOUR)仍在80mg犤O犦·L/(g犤MLSS犦·h)以上。实验还得出最佳生物膜厚度为45μm。     

Comparative study of nitrification performances of immobilized cell fluidized bed reactor and contact oxidation biofilm reactor in treating high strength ammonia wastewater

BACKGROUND: The immobilized cell fluidized bed reactor and contact oxidation biofilm reactor are two common choices for high strength ammonia wastewater treatment, however, comparative study of the nitrification performance of the two reactors has not been thoroughly studied. The nitrification performance of the two bioreactors when treating strong synthetic ammonia wastewater was investigated and compared. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that the immobilized cell fluidized bed reactor had a shorter acclimation period, and possessed several advantages over the contact oxidation biofilm reactor, in the form of complete oxidation of 150–360 mg L^?1 ammonia wastewater in a shorter time, higher ammonia removal rates (from 9.6 to 4.32 × 10² mgN L^?1 d^?1) over the temperature range 8 to 32 °C, irrespective of organic load. In contrast, a large reduction in ammonia removal was found in the contact oxidation biofilm reactor with chemical oxygen demand (COD) load. The immobilized cell fluidized bed reactor exhibited stable and high rates of nitrification in the long term. CONCLUSION: These facts demonstrated that the immobilized cell fluidized bed reactor is a suitable selection for high strength ammonia wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

厌氧流化床处理红霉素废水的快速启动研究

从生物膜的形成过程,对厌氧流化床反应器的快速启动进行了深入的研究,反应器R1采用在厌氧条件下直接挂膜的方式启动;反应器R2采用先在好氧条件下生成丝状菌,然后在厌氧条件下进行挂膜.结果发现,丝状菌作为生物膜的骨架加速了生物膜的形成,缩短了反应器的启动时间,35 d就可以完成启动,而且形成的生物膜具有较好的机械性能和抗冲击负荷能力.     

Dynamics of a draft tube gas—liquid—solid fluidized bed bioreactor for phenol degradation

The transient response of a draft tube gas—liquid—solid fluidized bed biofilm reactor (DTFB) to a step increase in influent phenol concentration was experimentally investigated. A mathematical model, which considers the external mass transfer resistance, the simultaneous diffusion, reaction, and adsorption of phenol and oxygen inside the bioparticles, the dynamics of biofilm growth, and the time delay of microbial growth during the transient period, is proposed. The biofilm properties such as thickness and density are allowed to vary in the model with biofilm growth to simulate the real biofilm system. Simulation results predicted from the proposed model show reasonable agreement with the experimental data.