橡胶表面处理与粘接

本文着重介绍橡胶粘接要素;橡胶表面处理方法;未硫化橡胶之间、未硫化橡胶与硫化橡胶、硫化橡胶之间、橡胶与金属间的粘接方法。     

橡胶粘合的表面处理

本论文详细论述了有关用有机氯给予体对硫化橡胶表面进行氯化处理,以及在这些表面之间使用聚酰胺作固化剂的环氧树脂胶粘剂所获得的粘接效果。我们发现,一些工业用的重要橡胶所产生的粘接效果,在长时间海水浸泡期间的强度保持率,比使用原来的表面处理方法好,我们研究了这种方法的实用参数,以制订可靠有效的粘接条件。对氯化处理过的橡胶表面进行了试验,并且对所观察到的变化作了解释。     

预硫化橡胶衬里及其制造方法

由云南阿斯泰克科工贸有限公司申请的专利（公开号CN101073919,公开日期2007年11月21日）“预硫化橡胶衬里及其制造方法”涉及一种预硫化橡胶衬里制造方法。具体工艺如下。（1）用挤出机挤出所需厚度的胶片;（2）在挤出的胶片表面涂布粘合剂,并晾干;（3）将涂有粘合剂的胶片用硫化机进行硫化处理,得预硫化橡胶衬里。将经过硫化处理的预硫化橡胶衬里直接粘贴于金属或管道表面,无需再进行硫化处理,即制得橡胶衬里。     

浇注型聚氨酯弹性体与金属粘接性能的研究

以CPUE(浇注型聚氨酯弹性体)和45#钢为试验对象,探讨了胶粘剂种类、金属表面处理、聚氨酯(PU)硬度、加热时间和保存时间对CPUE/金属胶接件粘接性能的影响。研究结果表明:在5种胶粘剂中,双组分胶粘剂245N的粘接强度相对最高,而胶粘剂240N的耐水性相对最好;聚酯型CPUE/金属胶接件的粘接强度高于聚醚型CPUE/金属胶接件,高硬度CPUE/金属胶接件的粘接强度高于低硬度CPUE/金属胶接件;胶粘剂的粘接强度随加热时间延长而逐渐降低,CPUE/金属胶接件的保存时间为7 d时,粘接强度仍相对较高。     

表面处理对铝合金粘接修理性能的影响

GFRP粘接修复损伤铝板,粘接前对损伤铝合金表面采用不同浓度的硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560进行处理,以未经偶联剂处理的铝板为对照组,通过拉伸试验与湿热试验研究偶联剂处理对修复效果的影响。试验结果表明:两种偶联剂KH550、KH560处理铝合金效果相当,铝板表面经1%~2%浓度的偶联剂溶液处理不仅有较高的初始强度,而且耐湿热性能也得到提高;湿热处理使不同表面处理的修理试样力学性能发生明显下降,同时,湿热环境对铝板-胶层之间粘接界面的渗透破坏要强于其对胶层-GFRP之间的界面破坏,铝板-胶层界面粘接强度的下降是引起试样性能下降的主要原因。     

硫化橡胶之间的粘接

1.前言 橡胶制品在加工制造时所需的粘接技术,即橡胶与金属、塑料,橡胶与纤维,或未硫化橡胶之间的粘合,其应用领域很广,各种文献,介绍了许多实施例子。但对于硫化橡胶之间的粘接,仅停留在传送胶带的连接与修理,防水薄膜的接头,轮胎的修理等几种有限用途上,而且,文献及实例的详细说明,也几乎没有。这次借向日本橡胶协会投稿的机会,对用于传送胶带接头及修理的硫化橡胶间的粘接方法作一介绍。     

氯丁胶粘剂的主要牌号及其性能

氯丁胶粘剂可大致分为两类: 一类是用来把硫化橡胶粘接于金属、玻璃、混凝土等固体表面上; 另一类是用于硫化橡胶相互粘接,以及硫化橡胶与布匹、皮革等的粘接。表1所示为苏联氯丁胶粘剂主要牌号的特性。第1类胶粘剂的烷基酚醛树脂含量很高,用以保证与金属表面的粘接强度,并     

芳纶与橡胶界面粘合技术的研究进展

综述提高芳纶/橡胶界面粘合性能主要技术方法的基本原理和研究进展.芳纶表面活化处理包括物理改性和化学改性.物理改性是通过物理技术对芳纶表面进行刻蚀和清洗,引入活性基团;化学改性是利用化学试剂与芳纶表面发生化学反应,通过化学键合或极性作用提高芳纶与基体之间的粘合强度.间苯二酚-甲醛-胶乳体系浸渍处理通过分别与芳纶表面和橡胶大分子作用,改善两者的界面粘合状态.橡胶的增粘改性处理是通过粘合剂与纤维和橡胶的反应促进两者的粘合,通常与表面活化和浸渍处理配合使用.     

天然橡胶表面处理研究进展

天然橡胶表面是非极性的,为了增加天然橡胶与其他材料之间的粘接强度,需要对橡胶表面进行处理.表面处理技术对于改善橡胶与其他材料的粘接性能至关重要.本文综述了当前国内外天然橡胶表面常用处理方法的原理及研究进展.     

芳纶织物表面处理对其与橡胶粘合性能的影响

采用芳纶表面活化处理、间苯二酚-甲醛-胶乳体系浸渍处理、增粘体系改性三种方法进行工艺优化,研究了芳纶织物表面处理对其与橡胶粘合性能的影响。结果表明,采用表面活化方法可以提高芳纶/橡胶间的界面粘合强度,但会在一定程度上降低芳纶布的本体强度;采用表面浸渍方法可以提高芳纶/橡胶间的界面粘合强度、搭接强度;采用增粘体系改性的方法可以提高芳纶/橡胶间的界面粘合强度,其中丙烯酸树脂(101树脂)效果最佳。     

加成型液体硅橡胶用含环氧基的有机硅增粘剂的制备、表征及性能

以烯丙基缩水甘油醚和四甲基环四硅氧烷为原料,制备加成型液体硅橡胶用含环氧基的有机硅增粘剂。用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,考察了加入量对硅橡胶胶料黏度及硫化胶硬度、介电常数、介质损耗因数、绝缘电阻率、电气强度、粘接性能及封装二极管高温反向漏电流的影响。结果表明:增粘剂能提高硅橡胶的粘接强度;影响其绝缘电阻率和电气强度;降低封装二极管的高温反向漏电流;基本不影响硅橡胶胶料黏度及硫化橡胶的硬度、介电常数、介质损耗因数。     

金属用底胶表面处理的工艺研究

以730胶粘剂为底胶对金属被粘表面进行处理。试验了底胶和处理工艺对金属与丁腈橡胶粘接强度的影响，对产品进行了老化试验和实际应用。结果表明，该工艺金属被粘面的活性期长达21d，且可大幅度提高粘接强度。     

On the role of sulfurization in adhesion of nitrile rubber to brass

The effects of conditions — in which nitrile rubber was vulcanized in contact with metallic substrates (e.g. brass or steel) — on the adhesion strength of rubber-substrate joints were investigated. The adhesion strength was estimated by measuring the peel resistance when the metallic foil was separated from the vulcanizate film. When the raw rubber was vulcanized, the plots of 'adhesion strength-versus-vulcanization parameters' (such as temperature and length of the process) show maxima, the pattern (character) of which depends on the substrate material. For joints with steel, the maximum in adhesion strength results from variations in the mechanical properties of the rubber which undergoes transition from the viscous flow to the highly elastic relaxation state in the course of vulcanization. The authors believe that the strength of adhesional bonding in rubber/brass systems depends on the mechanical properties of the sulfide film formed on the substrate in the course of vulcanization of the rubber. Experimental results which support the cohesive nature of the failure in the sulfide film in rubber/brass joints are presented in this paper.     

Chlorination of vulcanized SBR rubber by immersion or brushing in TCI solutions

The effectiveness of the chlorination treatment of synthetic vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubbers is determined by several experimental variables. In this study, trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCI) solutions in butanone have been used as chlorinating agents for a difficult-to-bond vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber (R2). The influence of the TCI concentration (0.5 and 2 wt% TCI/MEK) was studied and a comparison between the immersion and brushing procedures to apply the chlorinating agent has been carried out. Characterization of the chlorinated surfaces was carried out using contact angle measurements (water, 25°C), ATR-IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). T-peel tests on similarly treated R2 rubber/polyurethane adhesive joints were carried out to quantify adhesion. The chlorination by immersion of R2 rubber with TCI/MEK solutions was less effective than using a brush. The effects of the chlorination were similar using both procedures (creation of roughness, improved wettability, C Cl moieties formation and deposition of TCI particles), but the extent of the modifications was more marked when using a brush. The higher concentration of chlorinating agent allows a higher degree of chlorination. Peel strength values were lower for brush-chlorinated R2 rubber because the migration of wax (which created a weak layer on the rubber surface) from the bulk to the R2 rubber surface was favoured. However, the presence of waxes on the R2 rubber surface still allowed a reasonable level of adhesion due to the predominance of polar moieties.     

增塑剂对硅橡胶硫化胶性能的影响

在确定硅橡胶基本配方的前提下，分析了增塑荆对硅橡胶硫化胶性能的影响。研究结果表明，试验中选用的酯类增塑剂和醇类增塑荆均能明显降低硅橡胶硫化胶的模量，但采用自制的环氧改性胶粘荆进行硅橡胶硫化胶与金属粘接时，含酯类增塑荆的硫化胶粘接效果较好。试样破坏形式为橡胶内聚破坏；而采用醇类增塑剂的硫化胶。粘接质量较差。试样破坏形式均为粘接面破坏。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

抗静电氧化锌晶须对热硫化硅橡胶性能的影响

研究了抗静电用氧化锌晶须对热硫化硅橡胶的硫化特性、力学性能及电性能的影响。结果表明：在硅橡胶硫化初期氧化锌晶须能加速硫化反应、在硫化后期延迟硫化反应，可提高其最低扭矩和最高扭矩；硫化胶的硬度增加，拉伸强度、扯断伸长率有所降低，表面电阻率和体积电阻率降低。     

Weak boundary layers on vulcanized styrene–butadiene rubber treated with sulfuric acid

A synthetic vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber (R2) was used in this study. The presence of paraffin wax and zinc stearate in the rubber composition prevented the adhesion of R2 rubber to solvent-based polyester-urethane adhesive. To increase the adhesion properties of R2 rubber, a surface treatment with sulfuric acid (cyclization) was applied, and the length of the immersion in sulfuric acid and the time between the immersion time and the neutralization were varied. The treated R2 rubber surfaces were characterized using ATR-IR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements (water, ethanediol), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the treated rubber were obtained from stress-strain experiments. The joint strength was obtained from the T-peel test on treated R2 rubber/polyurethane adhesive joints. Due to the penetration of the sulfuric acid into the R2 rubber bulk, the mechanical properties decreased. The treatment with sulfuric acid produced several chemical modifications on the rubber surface: sulfonation of the butadiene and the creation of C C and C O bonds. Furthermore, the surface treatment of the R2 rubber with sulfuric acid removes paraffin wax from the rubber surface, which had a beneficial effect on adhesion to the polyurethane adhesive. To remove the wax layer, the surface was wiped with petroleum ether solvent after treating the R2 rubber with sulfuric acid. However, in some experiments a progressive migration of wax from the R2 rubber bulk to the surface with time happened. The migration of wax was prevented by increasing the immersion time in H₂SO₄ by more than 5 min.     

白炭黑原位填充的改性室温硫化硅橡胶胶黏剂

采用原位填充白炭黑与甲基丙烯酸(酯)改性相结合的方法制备了室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶胶黏剂,用红外光谱与凝胶渗透色谱表征了RTV硅橡胶的结构及其胶黏剂的相对分子质量,用扫描电子显微镜分析了白炭黑的分散性,并考察了胶黏剂对金属铝黏接性能的影响因素。结果表明,RTV硅橡胶、甲基丙烯酸(酯)与白炭黑形成了共聚物;随着白炭黑含量的增加,胶黏剂的相对分子质量分布变宽;当偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷/正钛酸四丁酯(质量比3)质量分数为1.5%,白炭黑质量分数为1.5%,交联剂原硅酸四乙酯及催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡的质量分数分别为1.0%,0.1%时,胶黏剂粘接铝的最大剪切强度可达到5.64MPa。