芦笋不同部位活性成分的研究

以芦笋烘干样品为试材,研究了芦笋根、嫩茎、母茎、果实等不同部位芦丁、皂甙、钙、铁、锌等活性成分的含量水平。结果表明,芦丁在嫩茎和母茎中的含量分别为20.26 mg/g和20.10 mg/g,约为根系和果实中含量的4倍~5倍;皂甙在根中含量为104.90 mg/g,嫩茎中102.07 mg/g,是母茎和果实中皂甙含量的5倍~10倍;钙、铁均以根系中含量最高,锌以嫩茎中最高,且都显著高于其他部位的含量。从而为芦笋全株的进一步综合开发利用提供了重要依据。     

壳聚糖修饰的L-天门冬酰胺酶脂质体的稳定性

考察壳聚糖修饰的L-天门冬酰胺酶脂质体在体外的稳定性。分别从最适pH、最适温度、储存稳定性、酸碱稳定性、热稳定性,以及抗胰蛋白酶水解的能力等方面,对比游离L-天门冬酰胺酶及壳聚糖修饰的L-天门冬酰胺酶脂质体。结果表明:游离L-天门冬酰胺酶和壳聚糖修饰的L-天门冬酰胺酶脂质体的最适pH分别为7.5和7.0,最适温度分别为60℃和50℃,壳聚糖修饰的L-天门冬酰胺酶脂质体的储存稳定性、酸碱稳定性、热稳定性,以及抗胰蛋白酶水解的能力均优于游离酶。因此,壳聚糖修饰的L-天门冬酰胺酶脂质体能明显提高游离酶的稳定性。     

影响芦笋汁质量的工艺问题

芦笋(Asparagus Officinalis Linn1),又名石刁柏,龙须菜,是百合科天门冬属雌雄异株,多年生草本植物。芦笋富含维生素和非蛋白质含氮物质(游离氨基酸),其中尤以天门冬酰胺,谷氨酸为高。此外还含有数种甾体皂     

芦笋及近缘种重要活性因子与主要功能研究进展

芦笋是重要的富含芦丁、皂甙、植物多糖、有机硒、游离氨基酸和维生素等多种生物活性因子的营养型蔬菜,也是能预防和治疗肿瘤、高血压、高血脂、高血糖和肥胖等多种疾病的功能型药用植物 本文综述了芦笋及近缘种的重要活性因子类型、主要功能及其作用机制的最新研究进展,并展望了芦笋作为功能型药食兼用蔬菜的发展趋势.     

芦笋的贮藏特性及保鲜技术

芦笋是一种营养丰富并具有一定药用价值的名贵蔬菜,特别对癌症的防治有较好的功效,有"蔬菜之王"的美称。但由于芦笋嫩茎含水量较高,呼吸作用强,采收后的芦笋极不耐贮藏,低温是控制芦笋嫩茎采收后生理变化的有效措施。在较低的温度下(2～4)℃,通过调节贮藏温度、湿度、降温速度、贮藏环境的气体成分,及适当的预处理、包装等,可以较好地贮藏芦笋。介绍芦笋的弱光冷藏、速冻贮藏、气调贮藏、气调包装贮藏、惰性气体处理和减压保鲜6种贮藏方法,并简单地讨论了芦笋嫩茎在贮藏期生理和形态变化,对芦笋的保藏工艺的研究有一定的借鉴作用。     

朝鲜蓟的营养与保健功能

朝鲜蓟是药食两用的植物，食用部分为花蕾的总苞和花托，内含有多酚类化合物如菜蓟素、黄酮类化合物、菊粉以及天门冬酰胺等物质，是一种高营养的保健蔬菜。本文主要介绍了朝鲜蓟的营养成分、保健功能及开发前景。     

芦笋保健醋发酵工艺的研究

本研究以芦笋皮、高粱为原料,经复合多菌种发酵生产一种风味独特、品质优良,富含芦丁、槲皮素、山奈素及白藜芦醇等成分的发酵芦笋保健醋,为芦笋废弃物综合利用、提高附加值及延长加工产品产业链提供了一种途径。     

非还原性糖对丙烯酰胺形成的抑制作用

目的建立丙烯酰胺（AcA）生成的水相模型,研究非还原性糖对其形成的抑制作用。方法根据AcA的形成机理用天门冬酰胺和葡萄糖在高温下反应生成高含量的AcA,添加3种还原性糖（果糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖）和5种非还原性糖（木糖醇、甘露醇、海藻糖、蔗糖、山梨醇）研究抑制效果。结果确定了生成AcA的最佳条件为0．1mmol天门冬酰胺（0．015g）、0．1mmol葡萄糖（0、020g）、蒸馏水（10μl）于干燥箱中160℃反应30min。甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇对AcA生成的抑制率分别为43％、16％、6％,海藻糖对AcA的抑制率为60％。结论非还原性糖中除蔗糖外都对AcA的形成有抑制作用,海藻糖和甘露醇是最佳抑制性添加剂。     

速冻白芦笋生产工艺

芦笋（Asparagus Officinalis Linn)又名刁柏，属百合科长年生宿根草本植物，是烹制佳肴的珍稀蔬菜。它原产于东地中海沿岸，已有2000年栽培历史。芦笋质地细腻白嫩、清香可口、营养丰富，维生素和蛋白质的含量超过其它蔬菜。此外，天门冬氨酸、天门冬酰胺、云香甙等成分也相当丰富。芦笋还有一定药用价值，芦笋富含的组织蛋白、叶酸、核酸等，能有效地抑制癌细胞的发展，促进细胞生长正常化。芦笋在国际市场需求量很大。     

绿芦笋木质化过程中细胞壁多糖与酚类物质变化研究

以绿芦笋栽培品种Mary Washington 500为试验材料，采用HPLC分析方法，研究了常温贮藏条件下，绿芦笋细胞壁多糖、酚类物质和木质素含量的变化。结果表明，随贮藏时间延长，绿芦笋细胞壁半纤维素的主要降解物木糖、岩藻糖残基增加了211．2％，纤维素的主要降解物葡萄糖残基增加了329．3％，木质素含量增加了280．3％。木质素合成前体物中，香豆酸含量最高，其次为咖啡酸和阿魏酸，三者的含量变化与木质素合成密切相关。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the