鳙鱼骨酶解产物的抗氧化活性及相对分子质量分布

采用5种蛋白酶对汽爆预处理过的鳙鱼骨进行酶解,以水解度(DH)为指标,碱性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶为试验用酶,制备不同DH(5%,10%和15%)的鱼骨酶解物,考察不同DH的酶解产物的抗氧化活性及相对分子质量分布。结果表明:酶解产物的抗氧化活性与其浓度呈一定的量效关系。在不同的抗氧化体系中,酶的种类和DH对酶解产物的抗氧化活性影响趋势不同。当DH为10%时,复合蛋白酶酶解产物对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟基自由基的清除率较高,其IC50值分别为2.85,0.99,4.91 mg/mL,酶解产物相对分子质量分布在500 u以下的达75.08%。而DH为15%时,碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的还原能力最强,在波长700 nm处,其吸光度值为0.75。酶解产物相对分子质量随DH的增大逐渐减小。本研究结果为制备具有抗氧化活性的鱼骨酶解物提供基础数据。     

贻贝的可控酶解及其酶解液的抗氧化活性

用Alcalase对贻贝进行酶解能够得到具有抗氧化活性的酶解物。通过控制酶解时间分别得到水解度(hydrolysis degree,DH)为12%、18%、24%和30%的4种酶解物,研究其抗氧化活性。结果表明,酶解物的还原力和羟基自由基清除率均随DH升高而升高,但在DH 24%~30%范围升高极缓;其DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率和脂质过氧化抑制率均随DH升高而呈现先增后降的趋势,最高清除率均出现在DH 24%处。DH为24%的贻贝Alcalase酶解物具有最佳的抗氧化活性。     

大豆蛋白的酶解及其抗氧化活性研究

研究了大豆分离蛋白的酶解条件及其产物的抗氧化活性,分析了酶解过程中蛋白水解度(DH)、TCA-NSI变化.结果表明,碱性蛋白酶用于制备大豆蛋白抗氧化肽具有明显的优势,正交试验优化酶解条件下得到的酶解物羟自由基清除率可达53.43%,清除活性的IC50为1.708 mg/mL,Fe2+螯合率为80.13%,螯合活性的IC50为0.822 mg/mL.酶解物的羟自由基清除活性、Fe2+螯合能力与DH、TCA-NSI之间并不呈线性关系.     

桑叶蛋白活性多肽的酶解制备

该研究旨在探讨蛋白血管紧张素转换酶（angiotensin I-convening enzyme,ACE）抑制肽及抗氧化肽的酶解制备方法。选取3种蛋白酶（碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及芽孢杆菌蛋白酶）酶解制备桑叶功能活性多肽,以ACE抑制活性为主要指标并辅以水解度（degree of hydrolysis,DH）评价ACE抑制活性,以DPPH自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）为指标评价其抗氧化性能。运用单因素逐级优化法对酶解反应的酶解pH值、底物浓度、加酶量、酶解温度和酶解时间进行参数优化。结果表明,3种蛋白酶的酶解产物均具有ACE抑制活性,中性蛋白酶酶解产物效果最佳,酶解工艺条件为底物浓度20 g/L、加酶量7.5%、酶解时间50 min、酶解温度55℃、pH7.0时,酶解产物的ACE抑制活性为81.23%,DH为21.41%。在不同蛋白酶优化条件下测定3种酶解产物的抗氧化能力,中性蛋白酶DPPH自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力均为最高,分别为80.702%和4.717 mmol/g。     

鲢鱼蛋白的酶解及其酶解物功能性质的研究

以鲢鱼肉为原料,以水解度为指标,研究鲢鱼蛋白的酶解及其酶解物的功能性质.用6种不同蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶)酶解鲢鱼肉,结果碱性蛋白酶的水解效果最佳.通过控制碱液用量,用碱性蛋白酶制备鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白(SCMP)在不同水解度(DH4.5%、DH9.0%、DH13.5%、DH18%)下的酶解产物,考察不同酶解产物的功能性质,包括溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性.与原鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白(SCMP)相比,酶解后的SCMP功能性质(除持油性外)均有不同程度的提高.此外,环境pH值也对酶解产物的溶解性和乳化性有一定影响.鲢鱼蛋白酶解产物作为一种潜在的功能性配料,在食品工业中具有一定的应用前景.     

鳄鱼皮酶解产物功能特性及抗氧化活性

为了解鳄鱼皮酶解产物功能特性和抗氧化活性,采用2种商业蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶)在各自最适反应条件下分别酶解鳄鱼皮,研究水解度(DH)、酶种类及pH值对酶解产物功能特性及抗氧化活性的影响.结果显示:随着酶解时间延长,鳄鱼皮水解度逐渐增加,鳄鱼皮在碱性蛋白酶酶解作用下水解度较高,水解4h时可达12％;木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物与碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的溶解性差异不显著(P＞0.05).相同水解度下,碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的热稳定性在pH4时优于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物.酶解时间在1h之内,木瓜蛋白酶酶解物亚铁离子螯合力明显增强;随着时间延长,酶解产物亚铁离子螯合能力变化不显著(P＞0.05).酶解3h后碱性蛋白酶酶解产物亚铁离子螯合能力高于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物,但木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基能力.综上表明,碱性蛋白酶水解作用的鳄鱼皮水解度较高,其酶解产物乳化活性和热稳定性优于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物;鳄鱼皮酶解产物抗氧化能力较强,有较高的开发利用价值.     

贻贝中ACE抑制活性肽的酶解制备及表征

以贻贝为原料,制备具有血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶(ACE)抑制作用的活性肽.采用水解度DH、蛋白质回收率及ACE抑制活性为指标,筛选水解贻贝粗蛋白的最适酶种;通过响应面分析(RSM)对水解贻贝粗蛋白的工艺条件进行优化;探讨水解度(DH)与ACE抑制活性的关系;利用HPLC方法分析活性肤的相对分子质量分布.试验结果表明碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4 L是水解贻贝粗蛋白的最适酶种;碱性蛋白酶在[E]/[S]1.64、pH 9.12、温度57 ℃水解条件下,酶解物的ACE抑制作用最强,其DH26.41%,IC50 34.64g/mL.就贻贝粗蛋白的水解而言,控制水解度为25%～30%为宜.碱性蛋白酶水解贻贝粗蛋白所得活性肤,主要是以相对分子质量较小的短肽组成,其中,相对分子质量在1 000 Da以内的占90.42%.本研究结果表明以贻贝为原料,可以开发具有显著ACE抑制活性的降血压肤.     

丝胶蛋白酶解产物抗氧化活性的研究

本实验采用六种蛋白酶对丝胶蛋白进行酶解,并分析其酶解产物清除二苯代苦味酰基 (DPPH) 自由基能力.通过脂质过氧化体系、还原力、金属螯合能力评价其酶解4h酶解产物的抗氧化活性.结果表明:各种酶解产物都呈现一定的清除DPPH自由基的能力,其中以碱性蛋白酶最强 (p＜0.05);各种酶解产物都存在抑制脂质过氧化活性,与其他蛋白酶相比碱性蛋白酶的抑制活性显著的高于其他酶 (p＜0.05);各种蛋白酶解产物具有一定的还原力和金属螯合能力.这些结果表明:六种酶解产物都具有显著的抗氧化活性.     

虾夷扇贝生殖腺酶解物-核糖美拉德反应产物抗氧化特性研究

本文选用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶及木瓜蛋白酶制备虾夷扇贝雌性生殖腺酶解物,再与核糖进行美拉德反应获得虾夷扇贝雌性生殖腺酶解物-核糖美拉德反应产物。采用DPPH自由基和亚油酸过氧化体系,评价美拉德产物的抗氧化能力。结果显示,碱性蛋白酶酶解效果较好,在酶解3 h时其水解度及TCA可溶性寡肽得率最高,分别达24.16%和20.79%。以DPPH自由基清除活性及亚油酸过氧化抑制活性为指标,确定了pH7条件下制备的虾夷扇贝雌性生殖腺酶解物-核糖美拉德产物抗氧化能力相对较强。通过比较半抑制浓度(IC50),美拉德产物的抗氧化能力较酶解物及核糖本身均显著提高(p0.05),但弱于抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)。以上研究结果说明,虾夷扇贝生殖腺酶解物-核糖美拉德反应产物具有一定的抗氧化能力,具有潜在的开发价值。     

银鲳酶解物抗氧化活性研究

选用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对银鲳蛋白进行酶解以制备蛋白酶解物,以羟基自由基清除活性为指标确定银鲳最佳水解酶。结果显示,碱性蛋白酶的水解物抗氧化活性最强。实验对碱性蛋白酶水解银鲳的酶解条件(时间、温度、pH、酶添加量和固液比)进行正交实验设计,并对最佳水解条件下所获得的酶解物进行抗氧化活性测试。结果表明,银鲳蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基具有清除作用,其自由基清除效果呈现剂量依赖性,而且银鲳蛋白水解物还具有明显还原能力。所有这些体外抗氧化数据说明,银鲳蛋白水解物有明显的抗氧化效力。     

Biochemical properties and antioxidant activity of myofibrillar protein hydrolysates obtained from patin (Pangasius sutchi)

Antioxidant activities of myofibrillar protein hydrolysates (MPH) prepared from patin (Pangasius sutchi) using papain and Alcalase^® 2.4 L with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) were investigated. With a DH of 65.83%, the hydrolysate prepared with papain exhibited the maximum of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity (71.14%) with a reducing power of 0.310. At a concentration of 1 mg mL^?1, the papain‐MPH exhibited a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 70.50 ± 1.22 μmol g^?1 protein. With a DH of 83.6%, the Alcalase‐MPH had the highest metal‐chelating activity. Low molecular weight peptides showed higher antioxidant activities than high molecular weight peptides. Both papain‐MPH and Alcalase‐MPH contained high amounts of the essential amino acids (48.71% and 48.10%, respectively) with glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine as the dominant amino acids. These results suggest that the protein hydrolysates derived from patin may be used as an antioxidative ingredient in both functional food and nutraceutical applications.     

Effect of defatting and enzyme type on antioxidative activity of shrimp processing byproducts hydrolysate

Shrimp processing byproducts (SPB) was digested by 6 proteases (trypsin, pepsin, neutrase, Protamex, Flavourzyme, and Alcalase) to produce antioxidative peptides. Both degree of hydrolysis (DH) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (DSA) of the Alcalase hydrolysate were the highest of all. The effect of defatting on DH and DSA of the Alcalase hydrolysate was significant. The DH decreased while the DSA increased after defatting of the byproducts. The antioxidative activity of Alcalase hydrolysate was also investigated using several in vitro assays, including DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging assays (ASA), reducing power assay, and chelating activity. The antioxidative activity of the hydrolysate was obviously concentration dependent. The SPB Alcalase hydrolysate exhibited notable DSA and ASA with the IC50 values of 500 and 7.4 μg/mL, respectively. And the hydrolysate showed 38.9% chelating activity at 120 μg/mL level. The SPB Alcalase hydrolysate was a potential source of natural antioxidants.     

Antioxidant activity and functional properties of porcine plasma protein hydrolysate as influenced by the degree of hydrolysis

Antioxidant activity and functional properties of porcine blood plasma protein hydrolysates (PPH) prepared with Alcalase at 6.2%, 12.7% and 17.6% of degree of hydrolysis (DH) were investigated. The PPH showed stronger radical-scavenging ability and possessed stronger Cu²⁺-chelation ability and a reducing power compared to non-hydrolysed plasma protein (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity of PPH, indicated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values in a liposome-oxidising system, increased with increasing DH (P < 0.05). The Alcalase hydrolysis increased protein solubility from its original 68.46–81.79% (non-hydrolysed) to 82.95–94.94% (hydrolysed) over a broad pH range (3.0–8.0). However, hydrolysis decreased surface hydrophobicity and suppressed emulsifying and foaming capacity of the plasma protein. To identify antioxidant peptide, PPH was subjected to ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and the amino acid sequences of isolated peptides were determined by liquid chromatography/tendem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The peptide with the strongest antioxidant activity had the amino acid sequence of His-Asn-Gly-Asn. The results indicated that PPH could be used as a novel antioxidant but may be of limited utility as an emulsifying or foaming agent.     

Proteolysis characteristics of sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar, and stromal proteins separated from grass carp and antioxidant properties of their hydrolysates

Proteolysis of grass carp sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar, and stromal proteins by 5 commercial proteases were studied. Sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein could be well hydrolyzed by Alcalase 2.4 L to reach high protein recoveries (PR) (71.86±2.46 and 80.77±3.05%, respectively), while the maximum PR for stromal protein was only 42.83±2.84%. However, stromal hydrolysates, containing mostly 6–10 kDa fraction, exhibited higher ·OH scavenging activities due to its high content of antioxidant-assisting amino acids. Alcalase 2.4 L and pancreatin 6.0, which produced hydrolysates with relative high degree of hydrolysis (DH), were used for further hydrolysis of whole grass carp protein with the assistance of response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that serine proteases (Alcalase 2.4 L and pancreatin 6.0) could produce sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar, or stromal hydrolysates with relatively high PR, DH, and strong ·OH scavenging activity, which may be used to prepare antioxidant hydrolysates from grass carp.     

大豆生理活性肽的研究(Ⅱ)--抗氧化性和ACE抑制活性的初步研究

采用AS1.398和Alcalase两种蛋白酶,制备了水解度为10%～24%的大豆多肽,对其抗氧化性、ACE抑制活性和相对分子质量的分布进行了研究,结果表明采用AS1.398酶水解的DH为12%的产品抗氧化活性最高,添加量为6 mg/mL时使亚油酸的氧化诱导期延长2.92倍,其相对分子质量分布在1 000以上的组分较多;采用Alcalase酶水解的DH为14%的大豆多肽产品,ACE抑制活性最高,IC50为0.144 mg/mL,其相对分子质量分布大多在200～600之间.     

酶法制备汉麻籽蛋白抗氧化肽

采用不同蛋白酶酶解汉麻籽蛋白,确定Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶是酶解汉麻籽蛋白制备抗氧化肽的优良酶源。通过单因素和响应面回归分析,得到Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶酶解汉麻籽蛋白的优化条件为:底物浓度50 mg/mL、水解时间2 h、温度50℃、加酶量2.2%、pH 9.4。优化酶解条件下,水解度约为20%,10 mg/ mL酶解产物的DPPH自由基清除率为82.65%,显示出较好的抗氧化活性。     

Antioxidative and functional properties of protein hydrolysate from defatted skipjack (Katsuwonous pelamis) roe

Antioxidative and functional properties of protein hydrolysate from defatted skipjack (Katsuwonous pelamis) roe, hydrolysed by Alcalase 2.4 L (RPH) with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) at various concentrations were examined. As DH increased, the reduction of DPPH, ABTS radicals scavenging activities and reducing power were noticeable (p < 0.05). The increases in metal chelating activity and superoxide scavenging activity were attained with increasing DH (p < 0.05). However, chelating activity gradually decreased at DH above 30%. All activities except superoxide anion radical scavenging activity increased as the concentration of hydrolysate increased (p < 0.05). Hydrolysis using Alcalase could increase protein solubility to above 80% over a wide pH range (2–10). The highest emulsion ability index (EAI) and foam stability (FS) of hydrolysates were observed at low DH (5%) (p < 0.05). Concentrations of hydrolysates determined interfacial properties differently, depending on DH. The molecular weight distribution of RPH with 5%DH (RPH5) was determined using Sephadex G-75 column. Two major peaks with the molecular weight of 57.8 and 5.5 kDa were obtained. Fraction with MW of 5.5 had the strongest metal chelating activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The results reveal that protein hydrolysates from defatted skipjack roe could be used as food additives possessing both antioxidant activity and functional properties.     

Antioxidant activities and functional properties of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) protein hydrolysates

BACKGROUND: Grass carp, with an annual production exceeding 4 × 10⁶ t in China in 2009, has not been developed into a high‐value product. In this study the antioxidant activities and functional properties of grass carp protein hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase 2.4L (HA) and papain (HP) were investigated. The hydrolysate with strongest radical‐scavenging activity and reducing power was assessed further for changes in its antioxidant activity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. RESULTS: As the degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased, the metal‐chelating activity of both HA and HP increased while their reducing power and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH^?)‐scavenging activity decreased (P < 0.05). At the same DH, HP possessed higher DPPH^?‐scavenging activity and reducing power than HA (P < 0.05). The metal‐chelating activity of HP with 10% DH was significantly increased after in vitro gastrointestinal metabolism (P < 0.05). Regarding their functional properties, all hydrolysates were more than 81% soluble over a wide range of pH (3–8). At the same DH, HP showed higher emulsion activity index but lower solubility and foaming capacity than HA. CONCLUSION: Grass carp protein hydrolysates showed high solubility over a wide pH range and could be used as natural antioxidants in food systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

酶法制备不同水解度高温豆粕水解产物的理化特性研究

采用Alcalase酶和木瓜蛋白酶分别对高温大豆粕进行酶解,通过控制酶解反应得到水解度为5%、10%和15%的6种水解产物,研究两种酶对不同水解度的水解产物理化特性的影响。结果表明,Alcalase酶和木瓜蛋白酶均可产生6种不同分子量范围的水解产物,但各部分比例具有显著差异(P0.5),其平均分子量随水解度的增加逐渐减少,Alcalase酶的水解产物中小于2562 Da小分子量肽所占比例更高。豆粕蛋白的疏水基团在酶解反应中发生暴露与断裂的数量差,导致其表面疏水性随水解度增加呈现先下降再上升的变化,即水解度为10%的表面疏水性最低。zeta电势的绝对值随水解度不断上升,分子间的斥力增大,相同水解度下两种酶对zeta电势的影响并不显著。此外,在pH值为3、5、7和9时,水解产物的溶解性随着水解度的增加而逐渐增高,乳化活性和乳化稳定性则逐渐降低。     

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF WHEY PROTEINS BY TWO DIFFERENT PROTEASES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF RESULTING PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES

Whey protein concentrate (WPC 80) was hydrolyzed by Alcalase 2.4 L and Protamex to 5, 10, 15 and 20% degree of hydrolysis (DH). WPC 80 and its hydrolysates were analyzed, compared and used for measuring some functional properties. All hydrolysates were different from WPC 80 in protein, moisture and ash content. Free amino groups and protein solubility increased with increasing DH. The peptides produced by hydrolysis had smaller molecular sizes, and their average molecular weight decreased as the DH increased. Except hydrolysates generated by Alcalase 2.4 L at 5% DH, all others showed poor emulsifying and foaming properties compared with unhydrolyzed WPC 80. Gelation properties of WPC 80 and its hydrolysates were different. The global amino acid compositions did not differ significantly between the different hydrolysates, and they were very close among WPC 80 and its hydrolysates except for Methionine, Glycine, Histidine and Valine.