液质联用快速鉴定减肥类保健食品中4种违禁添加药物

目的建立快速鉴定减肥类保健食品中咖啡因、盐酸麻黄碱、盐酸芬氟拉明和盐酸西布曲明的液质联用方法。方法使用Agilent 1100液相色谱和离子阱质谱联用,ESI源,C18柱梯度洗脱。结果使用本方法对12种市售减肥保健食品中的4种违禁添加药物进行了快速筛查鉴定,其中2种检出西布曲明。结论方法简便快速,专属性好。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定减肥食品中55种非法添加物

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定减肥类食品中55种非法添加物的分析方法。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取后,采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈ RRHD色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正负离子扫描条件下,采用动态多反应监测模式监测。结果 55种非法添加药物在相应的线性范围内均呈现良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.995,平均回收率75.2%～121.6%,相对标准偏差<12%,各化学药物的检测限在0.02～1.25μg/g。应用该方法对50批样品进行了检测,其中有38批次样品检出托拉塞米、大黄素、西布曲明、N-单去甲基西布曲明、N,N-双去甲基西布曲明、比沙可啶、麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、氢氯噻嗪、氟西汀等非法添加物。结论 该方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确、高效,兼具定性定量检测的优点,可用于食品中减肥类化学药物的高通量检测。     

液相色谱-离子阱质谱法同时测定减肥类保健食品中非法添加的12种化学药物

目的 建立减肥类保健食品中12种非法添加化学药物的高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用 分析方法,并对56批抽检样品进行检测。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取后,经SHISEIDO CAPCELL-PAK C18色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）分离,以乙酸铵溶液-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱。采用ESI离子源,正离子扫描模式,对样品中非法添加的12种化合物进行定性检测。结果 该法能够同时完成对保健食品中12种非法添加化学药物的检测,方法检出限为0.1~0.5 ng/mL。采用该法对56批抽检样品进行检验,其中13批检出西布曲明和N-单去甲基西布曲明,4批检出奥利司他,阳性检出率为30%。结论 该法专属性好、灵敏度高、简便快速,可用于减肥类保健食品中非法添加化学药物的快速筛查。     

解吸附电晕束电离质谱法快速检测功能保健食品中违禁添加的降糖类药物

目的 建立解吸附电晕束电离质谱快速检测保健食品中违禁添加的6种降糖类化学合成药物(那格列奈, 二甲双胍, 伏格列波糖, 格列吡嗪, 吡格列酮, 瑞格列奈)的分析方法。方法 通过DCBI-MS直接分析, 对比标准物质一级和二级质谱图, 对检测样品中非法添加的那格列奈、二甲双胍、伏格列波糖、格列吡嗪、吡格列酮、瑞格列奈等6种降糖类化学合成药物进行快速定性和半定量检测。结果 各目标物在一定范围内线性关系良好, 线性相关系数R2均大于0.98, 检测限均在1 mg/L以下, 相对标准偏差为8%~40%。结论 此方法可以完成降糖类违禁药物的快速检测, 定性准确, 专属性高, 同时完成半定量分析, 为进一步准确测定样品提供依据。     

减肥保健食品中非法添加盐酸西布曲明的检测

建立减肥保健食品中非法添加化学成分盐酸西布曲明的定性、定量检测方法.采用薄层色谱法、高幸合嗌?二极管阵列检测法、LC/MS/MS联用技术进行定性鉴别,并采用高效液相色谱法测定其中盐酸西布曲明的含量.结果在抽取的43种市售产品中,有9种检出了盐酸西布曲明.该方法快速、简便、准确、可靠,可用于有效监测保健食品中非法添加的盐酸西布曲明.     

解吸附电晕束电离质谱法快速检测微量雌激素

目的 建立解吸附电晕束电离质谱(DCBI-MS)快速检测微量雌激素的分析方法。方法 通过DCBI-MS 直接分析, 对比标准物质一级和二级质谱图, 对检测样品中非法添加的炔诺酮、黄体酮、甲羟孕酮、左炔诺孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮和枸橼酸氯米芬等 6 种雌激素进行快速定性和半定量检测。结果 各目标化合物均可在 1 min 内被检出。 基于一级分子离子的定量分析, 6 种雌激素的半定量检测结果可信, 线性关系最差的醋 酸甲地孕酮相关系数为 0.9471, 而黄体酮则为 0.9998。最低检出值分别是: 0.0875、0.045、0.1775、0.05、0.15、0.1 mg/L。结论 本方法无需复杂的前处理过程, 简便、快速、灵敏度高, 可用于保健食品和中成药中违禁添加微量雌激素的快速定性及半定量检测。     

减肥保健食品中西布曲明及其活性代谢物总量的测定

目的：建立液相色谱和液相色谱- 质谱法测定减肥保健食品中西布曲明及其活性代谢物总量的检测方法。方法：在冰水浴中,样品与甲基化试剂甲醛和硼氢化钾作用,样品中西布曲明活性代谢物定量转化成西布曲明,以液相色谱和液相色谱- 质谱法检测样品中西布曲明的总量。结果：本方法线性范围为10～200mg/L,回归方程为y=89.59847x － 1.05361,相关系数r=0.99993,最低检出限为1mg/kg,相对标准偏差为4.5%,回收率为83%。结论：该方法简单、准确、快速,灵敏度高、选择性好,适用于减肥保健食品中西布曲明及其活性代谢物总量的测定。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定保健品中11种非法添加药物

建立了一种同时检测改善睡眠类、辅助降压类和减肥类保健品中11种非法添加药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经50%甲醇-水溶液提取,BEH C18色谱柱分离,用0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用多反应监测模式对11种非法添加药物的定量离子和定性离子进行监测。在10 min内完成了阿替洛尔、卡托普利、佐匹克隆、哌唑嗪、褪黑素、文拉法辛、氯美扎酮、酚酞、阿普唑仑、N-单去甲基西布曲明和利血平11种非法添加药物的分离分析。11种非法添加药物在3个添加水平的回收率为78.3%~105%,相对标准偏差小于9.6%(n=6),方法定量限均小于15μg/kg。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,适合改善睡眠类、辅助降压类和减肥类保健品中11种非法添加药物的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定保健食品中78种非法添加化学药物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速筛查减肥、抗疲劳和增强免疫力类保健食品中非法添加78种化学药物的方法。保健食品样品经甲醇溶剂提取、QuEChERS净化,试样以C18柱分离,多反应监测（MRM）模式进行定量与定性分析,采用外标法定量。采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3柱（2.1×100 mm,1.7 μm）进行分离,以乙腈和乙酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用正离子和负离子同时扫描分析。在优化的色谱、质谱条件下,78种化学药物能够得到较好分离,在线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9991,检出限（LOQ）为0.5 μg/kg~420 μg/kg。各组分在三个不同加标水平下平均回收率为59.9%~120.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.3%~16.2%。运用本方法对57批次保健食品进行快速筛查,检出41批次样品含有一种或多种非法添加药物,被检出的药物为西布曲明、苄基西布曲明、氯代西布曲明、酚酞、伪麻黄碱、麻黄碱、二甲双胍、咖啡因、茶碱、番泻苷A、番泻苷B、呋塞米、大黄素和西地那非。本方法样品处理过程简单,分析时间短,准确可靠,灵敏度高,适用于保健食品中非法添加化学药物的定性与定量检测及快速筛查。     

减肥类中成药、保健食品、食品中非法添加酚酞、西布曲明等化学成分的快筛检测方法研究

目的建立快筛检测减肥类中成药、保健食品和食品中非法添加酚酞、西布曲明等化学成分的方法。方法用快筛试管法和薄层色谱法检测产品所含的酚酞、西布曲明等化学成分,并通过HPLC-DAD/HPLC-MS确认。结果 103批次产品中42批次检出酚酞,61批次检出西布曲明,其他相关化学成分目前均未检出。结论此方法专属性强、灵敏度高、重现性好,是一种简便快捷、经济实用、准确判断减肥类产品是否非法添加酚酞、西布曲明等化学成分的快筛检测方法,适用于快速鉴别筛查基层大批量产品。     

Determination of synthetic drugs used to adulterate botanical dietary supplements using QTRAP LC-MS/MS

Adulteration of botanical dietary supplements with prohibited synthetic drugs has become a serious problem. In this paper, a method for testing synthetic drugs used to adulterate botanical dietary supplements was developed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) coupled with a linearity ion-trap system in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) plus enhanced product ion (EPI) mode. Twenty-three drugs exhibiting various pharmacological effects, comprising blood pressure and lipid-lowering agents, sedative drugs, anti-diabetic drugs, weight-reducing agents and aphrodisiac compounds, were studied. For all drugs, a single transition was monitored using protonated molecules as precursor ions. EPI spectra were stored in a library and recognized by library searching. Several undeclared drugs were identified in herbal remedies, e.g., glibenclamide, sibutramine hydrochloride and sildenafil. Overall, 35 positive samples were found out of a total of 105 botanical dietary supplements tested. The method was selective, sensitive, rapid, high-throughput and reliable.     

Rapid screening of illicit additives in weight loss dietary supplements with desorption corona beam ionisation (DCBI) mass spectrometry

Desorption corona beam ionisation (DCBI), the relatively novel ambient mass spectrometry (MS) technique, was utilised to screen for illicit additives in weight-loss food. The five usually abused chemicals - fenfluramine, N-di-desmethyl sibutramine, N-mono-desmethyl sibutramine, sibutramine and phenolphthalein - were detected with the proposed DCBI-MS method. Fast single-sample and high-throughput analysis was demonstrated. Semi-quantification was accomplished based on peak areas in the ion chromatograms. Four illicit additives were identified and semi-quantified in commercial samples. As there was no tedious sample pre-treatment compared with conventional HPLC methods, high-throughput analysis was achieved with DCBI. The results proved that DCBI-MS is a powerful tool for the rapid screening of illicit additives in weight-loss dietary supplements.     

Rapid screening of illicit additives in weight loss dietary supplements with desorption corona beam ionisation (DCBI) mass spectrometry

Desorption corona beam ionisation (DCBI), the relatively novel ambient mass spectrometry (MS) technique, was utilised to screen for illicit additives in weight-loss food. The five usually abused chemicals – fenfluramine, N-di-desmethyl sibutramine, N-mono-desmethyl sibutramine, sibutramine and phenolphthalein – were detected with the proposed DCBI-MS method. Fast single-sample and high-throughput analysis was demonstrated. Semi-quantification was accomplished based on peak areas in the ion chromatograms. Four illicit additives were identified and semi-quantified in commercial samples. As there was no tedious sample pre-treatment compared with conventional HPLC methods, high-throughput analysis was achieved with DCBI. The results proved that DCBI-MS is a powerful tool for the rapid screening of illicit additives in weight-loss dietary supplements.     

Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for screening methandienone in dietary supplements

Methandienone is a synthetic exogenous steroid which, like other anabolic steroids, is strictly regulated in many countries. In recent years, increasing numbers have been detected of illegal additions into dietary supplements of methandienone and other anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). In this work, a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been constructed for the detection of methandienone using an antiserum against methandienone. Under optimal experimental conditions, the ELISA achieved a limit of detection of 0.04 ± 0.01 µg.g^?1. The obtained intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 8%. The developed ELISA was applied in the analysis of real dietary supplement samples. To minimise the effect of the sample matrix, the sample extracts were simply diluted before addition into the immunoassay. The achieved recovery values were around 100%. Results obtained from the ELISA correlated well, both in terms of accuracy and precision, with those obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS (reference method). The presented ELISA could be successfully applied for the simple screening of dietary supplements.     

降血糖类保健食品中非法添加的8 种药物检测及实例分析

目的：建立检测降血糖类保健食品中非法添加8 种药物的方法并用于实际检测。方法：采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,以ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm）色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相A,甲醇为流动相B,梯度洗脱。通过分子离子峰、二级碎片、色谱保留时间等信息,对宣称辅助降血糖类保健食品非法添加8 种化学药物进行鉴别和定量测定。结果：8 种药物实现了同时分离与专属鉴定,检出限为5.5～76 ng/g,精密度为0.22%～1.19%,回收率为74.0%～111.9%;本法适用于硬胶囊样品;利用本法,从15 批样品中检测出9 批含非法添加化学药物。结论：本方法专属性强、灵敏度高,结果准确可靠,可作为宣称辅助降血糖类保健食品中检测非法添加化学药物的方法参考。     

Determination of PDE-5 inhibitors and appetite suppressants in adulterated dietary supplements using LC/PDA and LC/MS

There have been a number of reports of dietary supplements contaminated with illegal adulterants that threaten consumers’ health because of their adverse pharmacological effects. In the present study, a convenient and economic method was developed to detect illegal pharmaceutics, such as PDE-5 inhibitor and appetite suppressants, using liquid chromatography (LC)/photodiode array (PDA) for screening and LC/mass spectrometry (MS) for successive confirmation. Target peaks were identified by comparison of their chromatographic retention times and PDA spectra with those of synthetic standards and finally confirmed by LC/MS. As a result, tadalafil, a PDE-5 inhibitor, and N-desmethylsibutramine, a derivative of sibutramine, were detected in various dietary supplements at concentrations of 13.5–21.9?mg and 3.0?mg per single dose, respectively. The present study will contribute to the development of an analytical method enabling rapid screening of a variety of health foods, and the result suggests that consumers should be aware of serious health risks related to these illegal compounds.     

Screening and determination of sibutramine in adulterated herbal slimming supplements by HPTLC-UV densitometry

The adulteration of herbal supplements is of growing importance, especially when they contain undeclared compounds like sibutramine that are unsafe drugs. Sibutramine was withdrawn from US and European markets in 2010. In this study, an HPTLC-UV densitometric method was developed for the quantification of sibutramine in herbal diet foods. Sample extracts were directly applied onto HPTLC silica gel plates and separated with a mobile phase made of a toluene–methanol mixture. Sibutramine was quantified at 225 nm and its unequivocal identification was confirmed by MS using a TLC-MS interface. During two surveys, 52 weight loss supplements obtained via the Internet were screened. Half of those were adulterated with sibutramine at amounts reaching up to 35 mg per capsule. The results of this validated HPTLC method were compared with those obtained by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS. The results were not significantly different with the three methods.     

Determination of non-opioid analgesics in adulterated food and dietary supplements by LC-MS/MS

Commercially available non-opioid analgesics such as acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used to adulterate some foods and dietary supplements. Considering the rapid growth of the dietary supplement market, it is essential to analyse various analgesics used for adulteration over a time period. Acetaminophen and 16 NSAIDs used to adulterate food and dietary supplements were simultaneously determined by LC-MS/MS. The method was validated by determining the coefficient of determinations, limit of quantification and recovery, and samples were analysed for the determination of analgesics. Consequently, acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, naproxen and piroxicam were detected in 53 samples (n = 214). Ibuprofen was the most commonly used adulterant, which was detected in a wide concentration range (1.06–233.40 mg g^–1) and was present in about one-third of the adulterated samples. Various types of samples, in particular pills and capsules (73.6% of the total positive samples), were found to be adulterated with non-opioid analgesics. Samples containing high concentrations of analgesics can have a deleterious effect on human health, and thus the continued monitoring of adulterated food and dietary supplements is essential to maintain a healthy life.     

Adulteration of Dietary Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Drugs: A Review

In the last few years, the consumption of dietary supplements, especially those having plants as ingredients, has been increasing due to the common idea that they are natural products posing no risks to human health. In the European Union and the United States, dietary supplements are legally considered as foods/special category of foods, thus are not being submitted to any safety assessment prior to their commercialization. Among the issues that can affect safety, adulteration by the illegal addition of pharmaceutical substances or their analogs is of major concern since unscrupulous producers can falsify these products to provide for quick effects and to increase sales. This review discusses the various classes of synthetic drugs most frequently described as being illegally added to dietary supplements marketed for weight loss, muscle building/sport performance and sexual performance enhancement. Information regarding regulation and consumption is also presented. Finally, several conventional and advanced analytical techniques used to detect and identify different adulterants in dietary supplements and therefore also in foods, with particular emphasis on plant food supplements, are critically described. This review demonstrates that dietary supplement adulteration is an emerging food safety problem and that an effective control by food regulatory authorities is needed to safeguard consumers.     

Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of 28 specific narcotic adulterants used in dietary supplements

The purpose of this study was to develop a method to analyse the concentration of multiple illegal narcotics present in dietary supplements. To this end, we established and optimised a procedure using LC-MS/MS simultaneously to analyse 28 narcotic compounds in various forms of dietary supplements, including powders, tablets, liquids and capsules. In addition, candy and cookies that have also had detected cases of adulteration were also analysed. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), stability and recovery for these methods were validated accordingly. The LOD and LOQ of the LC-MS/MS ranged from 0.01–50.0 to 0.03–100 ng g^?1, respectively. The linearity of these results was good (r² > 0.99), with intra- and inter-day precision values of 0.2–5.2% and 0.2–4.8%, respectively. Further, the intra- and inter-day accuracies of this method were 97.0–103.4% and 94.6–103.1%, respectively. The stability RSD was less than 7.8%. The mean recovery for this LC-MS/MS procedure was 81.1–117.4%, with an RSD less than 9.8%. Following the validation of our method, we analysed 47 commercially available dietary supplements obtained in Korea. Whilst none of these samples had detectable amounts of the 28 specified narcotic adulterants, our novel LC-MS/MS procedure can be utilised comprehensively and continually to monitor illegal drug adulteration in various forms of dietary supplements.