酰胺荚醚对Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的萃取行为研究Ⅱ.萃取热力学和萃合物光谱研究

以40 %辛醇/煤油为稀释剂,研究了3种荚醚:N,N,N',N'-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺(TBOPDA)、N,N,N',N'-四异丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺(TiBOPDA)和N,N,N',N'-四丁基-3,6-二氧-辛二酰胺(TBDOODA)在硝酸介质中对Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的萃取热力学.TBOPDA、TiBOPDA和TBDOODA萃取镅的反应焓变分别为:-80.54、-81.99和-75.88 kJ/mol;求出了萃取反应自由能和熵值的变化;观测了不同平衡酸度下萃入有机相中金属离子的可见吸收光谱.研究结果表明,水相酸度在一定范围内变化时,有机相中金属离子的吸收峰位置和形状没有改变,说明萃取机理在一定酸度内不变.萃合物红外光谱的测量结果表明,萃取金属离子后,3种荚醚的羰基吸收峰均发生了显著位移,TBOPDA和TBDOODA的醚氧键位移分别为6 cm-1和3 cm-1.     

N,N,N′,N′-四异丁基-3-氧戊二酰胺对钼(Ⅵ)的萃取

研究了N，N，N′，N′－四异丁基－3－氧戊二酰胺（TiBOPDA)-40%正辛醇／煤油溶液从HNO3溶液中萃取Mo(Ⅵ）的行为。实验结果表明，温度对Mo(Ⅵ）的萃取分配比影响很小，萃取过程无明显热效应。在HNO3浓度为1mol/L时，Mo(Ⅵ）以MoO2^2 形式被萃取，MoO2(NO3)2与TiBOPDA形成配位比为1：2的配合物，TiBOPDA萃取Mo(Ⅵ）为中性配合萃取。文章给出了萃取平衡方程式。     

荚醚N,N,N'',N''-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺 (TBOPDA)气相辐解产物的研究

研究了荚醚N，N，N′，N′－四丁基－3－氧－戊二酰胺（TBOPDA）的辐照气体产物（氢气、烷烃及烯烃气体），并将其产额与TBP的辐解气体产物产额对照。结果发现，其气体辐解产物产额明显低于TBP的气体辐解产物产额，并对其氢气生成机理进行了探讨。     

Me-TODGA与TODGA萃取锶性能对比

以N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-2-甲基-3-氧戊二酰胺(Me-TODGA)或N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺(TODGA)为萃取剂、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为相改良剂、煤油为稀释剂,对比研究了水相酸度、萃取剂浓度、锶浓度、温度对Me-TODGA-TBP体系和TODGA-TBP体系萃取Sr~(2+)的影响,并采用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成。结果表明,2种酰胺荚醚萃取Sr~(2+)的分配比(D_(Sr))随HNO_3浓度(c(HNO_3)=0.1～2.7 mol/L)、萃取剂浓度(c(萃取剂)=0.05～0.3 mol/L)的增加而增大,随Sr~(2+)浓度的升高略有下降,随温度的升高而下降。2种萃取剂的萃合物组成分别为Sr(NO_3)_2·3Me-TODGA和Sr(NO_3)_2·2TODGA。萃取反应的ΔH分别为-69.46 kJ/mol和-51.39 kJ/mol,ΔS分别为-190.5 J/(mol·K)和-128.4 J/(mol·K),ΔG分别为-12.68 kJ/mol和-13.12 kJ/mol。相比之下,Me-TODGA萃取Sr~(2+)的分配比不到TODGA的1/5。     

酰胺类萃取剂从模拟高放废液中分离锕系和镧系元素的研究

研究了酰胺荚醚N,N,N′,N′-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺（TBOPDA）和N-503（N,N′-二乙基庚酰胺）以及TBOPDA与N-503的组合萃取剂在硝酸介质中对U（Ⅵ）、Pu(Ⅳ)、Am(Ⅲ)、Eu(Ⅲ)和其他一些金属离子的萃取行为,稀释剂为40％正辛醇-煤油。用0.075mol/LTBOPDA+0.5mol/LN-503/40%辛醇-煤油为萃取剂,从模拟高放废液中分离U（Ⅵ）、Pu(Ⅳ)、Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)的微型混合澄清槽实验结果表明在A槽,大于99.99％的U（Ⅵ）、Pu(Ⅳ)、Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ)被萃入有机相;在R1槽,U（Ⅵ）被定量反萃,83％的Pu(Ⅳ)和36％的Am(Ⅲ)被反萃入水相;在R2槽中残留的Pu(Ⅳ)、Am(Ⅲ)和Eu(Ⅲ)可被定量反萃下来。该流程可有效提取高放废液中的锕系元素,并可对其进行组分离。     

用气相色谱法测定N,N,N’,N’-四丁基-3-氧戊二酰胺在HNO_3中的溶解度

研究了用气相色谱法测定0.2 mol/LN,N,N’,N’-四丁基-3-氧戊二酰胺(TBOPDA)/40%辛醇-煤油中的TBOPDA在不同浓度HNO3中的溶解度的分析方法。首先取过量的0.2 mol/L TBOPDA/40%辛醇-煤油和不同浓度HNO3振荡40 min后,用甲苯萃取水相中的TBOPDA后进行气相色谱测量。采用选择性检测器氢火焰离子化检测器进行测定,0.2 mol/L TBOPDA/40%辛醇-煤油中的TBOPDA在1、2、3 mol/L HNO3中的溶解度分别为0.702、0.723、0.735 g/L。     

Me-TODGA与TODGA萃取锶性能对比

以N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-2-甲基-3-氧戊二酰胺(Me-TODGA)或N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺(TODGA)为萃取剂、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为相改良剂、煤油为稀释剂,对比研究了水相酸度、萃取剂浓度、锶浓度、温度对Me-TODGA-TBP体系和TODGA-TBP体系萃取Sr²⁺的影响,并采用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成。结果表明,2种酰胺荚醚萃取Sr²⁺的分配比(D_Sr)随HNO₃浓度(c(HNO₃)=0.1～2.7 mol/L)、萃取剂浓度(c(萃取剂)=0.05～0.3 mol/L)的增加而增大,随Sr²⁺浓度的升高略有下降,随温度的升高而下降。2种萃取剂的萃合物组成分别为Sr(NO₃)2•3Me-TODGA和Sr(NO₃)2•2TODGA。萃取反应的ΔH分别为-69.46 kJ/mol和-51.39 kJ/mol,ΔS分别为-190.5 J/(mol•K)和-128.4 J/(mol•K),ΔG分别为-12.68 kJ/mol和-13.12 kJ/mol。相比之下,Me-TODGA萃取Sr²⁺的分配比不到TODGA的1/5。     

N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二正辛基-3-氧杂-戊二酰胺对锕系元素的萃取研究

正为了核能的可持续发展,世界各国科学家开发了一系列用于从乏燃料的硝酸溶液中选择性分离所有锕系元素的萃取剂。其中,四烷基取代的双酰胺荚醚类萃取剂(如N,N,N′,N′-四正辛基-3-氧杂-戊二酰胺(TODGA)和N,N,N′,N′-四异丁基-3-氧杂-戊二酰胺(TiBDGA))有较好的应用前景。     

γ辐照对N，N，N’，N’-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺萃取性能的影响

N，N，N’，N’-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺(TBOPDA)对锕系和镧系元素具有较好的萃取性能和较高的辐照稳定性。本文主要研究了辐照对纯TBOPDA和稀释后的TBOPDA萃取性能的影响。研究结果表明，该萃取剂具有较强的辐照稳定性。纯萃取剂在辐照剂量达到1000kGy时，对铀的萃取分配比才有明显下降；达到100kGy时对铕的萃取分配比有明显下降。稀释剂的加入会使萃取剂辐照稳定性有所下降。     

γ辐照对N,N,N′,N′-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺萃取性能的影响

N,N,N′,N′-四丁基-3-氧-戊二酰胺(TBOPDA)对锕系和镧系元素具有较好的萃取性能和较高的辐照稳定性。本文主要研究了辐照对纯TBOPDA和稀释后的TBOPDA萃取性能的影响。研究结果表明,该萃取剂具有较强的辐照稳定性。纯萃取剂在辐照剂量达到1000kGy时,对铀的萃取分配比才有明显下降;;达到100kGy时对铕的萃取分配比有明显下降。稀释剂的加入会使萃取剂辐照稳定性有所下降。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.