三维编织复合材料的弯曲和压缩性能探讨研究

对四步法三维编织结构增强树脂复合材料的弯曲,压缩性能进行了实验研究,获得了该材料的主要力学性能参数及变形,破坏规律,结果表明,三维编织复合材料具有良好的力学性能,编织结构及复合材料性能有较大的影响,这些结果为进一步研究编织复合材料的强度失效问题奠定了试验基础。     

三维编织复合材料面内刚度和强度性能研究

以修正的经典层合板理论为基础, 分析三维编织复合材料的力学性能。在单胞的长度方向积分和平均, 预测编织结构复合材料的有效弹性模量; 采用蔡-胡多项式失效准则, 得到三维编织复合材料的强度性能。另外, 进行编织结构复合材料的力学性能实验, 探讨纺织工艺参数, 如纤维编织角、横向编织角、轴向纱数与编织纱数之比、纤维体积含量等对力学性能的影响, 理论预报和试验结果进行对比, 发现该力学模型能较好地预报三维编织复合材料的刚度和强度性能。      

三维编织复合材料理论研究进展

有关三维编织复合材料的理论分析研究归纳为:基于细观结构几何模型的物理性能研究和力学性能研究两部分.纤维体积分数是物理性能研究的最主要参数,力学分析以复合材料的弹性性能为主.合理的几何模型决定了力学性能分析与试验结果的一致性.建立在代表性体积单元尺度的几何模型应用最为广泛,得到了力学性能的试验验证.三维编织复合材料的力学性能的数值仿真主要以有限元方法为主,然而仅仅依赖于对其弹性性能的研究结果还远远不能满足三维编织复合材料作为关键结构部件的使用要求,建立完善的断裂准则是编织复合材料大量使用的理论依据.特殊形状的一次性编织复合材料的力学性能研究有待进一步深入.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/有机玻璃复合材料力学及摩擦磨损性能研究

用真空浸渍法制备出了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维／有机玻璃(即UHMWPE／PMMA)复合材料，并研究了其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。实验证明，UHMWPE／PMMA复合材料具有优良的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。纤维表面处理可以改善复合材料的力学性能。三维编织纤维增强的复合材料的磨损量远小于长纤维增强的复合材料的，但其摩擦系数没有显著变化。     

三维四向编织复合材料压缩力学性能实验研究

通过对三维四向编织复合材料薄板试件的宏观压缩实验,研究了三维四向编织复合材料的抗压力学性能.实验结果表明:材料的编织角对其压缩力学性能的影响很大,随编织角的变化,编织复合材料的压缩破坏机制发生了变化.编织角度较小时,材料表现为脆性特征;当编织角度大于某个临界角度时,材料的应力-应变曲线趋于非线性,更多地表现为塑性破坏.     

碳纤维三维编织复合材料的结构对拉伸和弯曲性能的影响

研究了碳纤维四步法三维四向、三维五向编织结构复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能,以及结构参数-编织角的变化对其拉伸和弯曲性能的影响,并与层合复合材料作了对比性研究.结果表明,三维编织复合材料具有良好的力学性能,其拉伸强度可达810MPa、拉伸模量可达95.6GPa,弯曲强度可达829.03MPa、弯曲模量可达67.5GPa.同时,编织角和编织结构对复合材料性能有较大的影响.随着编织角的增大,复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度和模量均减小;三维五向结构的拉伸、弯曲强度和模量均高于四向结构;在纤维体积含量相近的情况下,通过对编织角的设计,可以设计三维编织复合材料的性能.     

三维多向编织复合材料温度效应综述:热传导、热膨胀性质和力学响应

三维编织复合材料因其结构整体性好、综合性能优异,已成为航天、航空、国防领域部分主承力构件和高功能制件的首选材料。然而,三维编织复合材料结构件在服役过程中不可避免地处于高温、低温或温度急剧变化等恶劣环境,由于三维编织复合材料增强体和基体热物理性能的巨大差异将严重威胁结构尺寸的稳定性及结构使用寿命。本文主要从实验、理论和数值仿真研究三方面,综述了近年来国内外对三维多向编织复合材料热物理性能和温度效应影响下力学性能的研究成果及研究进展。首先分析了现有研究中编织工艺、编织参数、环境温度、界面、缺陷等因素对三维多向编织复合材料热传导性能和热膨胀性能的影响规律。其次以细观结构、全尺寸、多尺度模型为主分析了不同结构几何模型的区别与联系。最后探讨了高、低温环境温度和不同载荷形式对三维多向编织复合材料组分材料损伤、失效形态及热力耦合行为的影响机制,并同时总结了现有研究工作中的重点与发展方向。      

三维六向编织复合材料力学性能的实验研究

通过拉伸 ( 含开孔拉伸 ) 、压缩 ( 含开孔压缩 ) 、面内剪切及冲击后压缩实验,获得了三维六向编织复合材料的主要力学性能参数。基于宏观实验,探讨了材料在拉伸、压缩及剪切载荷作用下的破坏模式和失效机理,分析了开孔类型 ( 机械孔、编织孔 ) 对材料拉、压性能的影响并研究了冲击对材料压缩性能的影响。所获结果为进一步研究三维六向编织复合材料的刚度、强度预报奠定了基础。     

复合材料三维编织结构的单元体模型

复合材料三维编织结构技术是国外八十年代发展起来的高新纺织技术。三维编织结构复合材料是一种新型结构形式的复合材料,它具有优良的抗冲击损伤性能、力学性能和耐烧蚀性能。本文讨论了三维编织结构的单元体模型,推导出有关参数之间的数学关系。     

立体多向编织结构对复合材料性能的影响

本文采用1×1,1×2和1×3三种不同的编织结构对轴向增强和非增强三维多向编织复合材料的性能进行了研究。对编织复合材料的拉伸强度、刚度和弯曲强度、刚度进行了实验分析。结果表明;三维编织复合材料具有良好的性能。编织结构对复合材料性能有较大的影响。纤维表面编织角和纤维体积比是影响复合材料性能的重要结构参数。通过轴向加入非编织增强纤维,使编织复合材料的拉伸强度和模量,弯曲强度和模量有了较大改善。      

Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Properties of 3D Four-directional Rectangular Braided Composites—Part 2: Validation of the 3D Finite Element Model

In the first part of the work, we have established a new parameterized three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) which precisely simulated the spatial configuration of the braiding yarns and considered the cross-section deformation as well as the surface contact relationship between the yarns. This paper presents a prediction of the effective elastic properties and the meso-scale mechanical response of 3D braided composites to verify the validation of the FEM. The effects of the braiding parameters on the mechanical properties are investigated in detail. By analyzing the deformation and stress nephogram of the model, a reasonable overall stress field is provided and the results well support the strength prediction. The results indicate it is convenient to predict all the elastic constants of 3D braided composites with different parameters simultaneously using the FEM. Moreover, the FEM can successfully predict the meso-scale mechanical response of 3D braided composites containing periodical structures.     

三维四向编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在热环境中的拉压力学性能实验

针对不同编织角度的三维四向编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,进行了热环境下的轴向拉伸和压缩力学性能实验研究,讨论了温度对三维四向编织复合材料的轴向拉伸和压缩力学性能的影响,并根据宏观断裂形貌和SEM图像分析了材料的破坏和断裂机制。结果表明,随着测试温度的升高,三维四向编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的纵向拉伸强度有小幅提高,而纵向压缩强度显著降低。在室温条件下,编织角对材料的纵向拉伸破坏特征没有影响,而对材料的纵向压缩破坏特征有较大影响。随着测试温度的升高,不同编织角度复合材料的纵向拉伸和压缩的损伤破坏形态均与室温条件下明显不同。      

Microstructural Modeling and Second-Order Two-Scale Computation for Mechanical Properties of 3D 4-Directional Braided Composites

This study is concerned with the microstructural modeling and mechanical properties computation of three-dimensional (3D) 4-directional braided composites. Microstructure of the braided composite determines its mechanical properties and a precise geometry modeling of the composite is essential to predict the material properties. On the basis of microscopic observation, a new parameterized microstructural unit cell model is established in this paper. And this model truly simulates the microstructure of the braided composites. Furthermore, the mathematical relationships among the structural parameters, including the braiding angle, fiber volume fraction and braiding bitch, are derived. By using the unit cell model, the second-order two-scale (SOTS) method is applied to predict the mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional braided composites, including stiffness parameters and strength parameters. Besides, the effects of the braiding angle and fiber volume fraction on the elastic constants are investigated in detail. Numerical results show that the predictive stiffness and strength parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental data, which demonstrate that the established unit cell model is applicable and the second-order two-scale method is valid to predict the mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional braided composites.     

三维编织复合材料热物理性能实验

针对不同编织工艺参数的三维四向编织复合材料,进行了热环境下的热物理性能实验研究,获得了热环境下三维四向编织复合材料的热物理性能变化规律及其分布特征,分析了环境温度和编织角对材料的热膨胀系数(CTE)、热传导系数(CTC)、比热(SH)以及热扩散率(TD)的影响,得到了一些重要结论。这些结果为三维编织复合材料的热物理性能数值分析以及进一步研究材料的热力耦合行为奠定了实验基础。     

三维六向编织复合材料弹性性能理论预测

在三维六向编织物纱线运动规律的基础上, 建立了单胞模型, 推导了编织参数之间的数学关系。基于该模型, 采用改进的刚度平均化方法, 导出了三维六向编织复合材料的工程弹性常数, 分析了编织角和纤维体积含量对弹性性能的影响。结果表明, 三维六向编织复合材料具有良好的力学性能, 由于面内纬纱的加入, 使面内的力学性能得到了提高。      

Multi-Scale Modeling of an Integrated 3D Braided Composite with Applications to Helicopter Arm

A study is conducted with the aim of developing multi-scale analytical method for designing the composite helicopter arm with three-dimensional (3D) five-directional braided structure. Based on the analysis of 3D braided microstructure, the multi-scale finite element modeling is developed. Finite element analysis on the load capacity of 3D five-directional braided composites helicopter arm is carried out using the software ABAQUS/Standard. The influences of the braiding angle and loading condition on the stress and strain distribution of the helicopter arm are simulated. The results show that the proposed multi-scale method is capable of accurately predicting the mechanical properties of 3D braided composites, validated by the comparison the stress-strain curves of meso-scale RVCs. Furthermore, it is found that the braiding angle is an important factor affecting the mechanical properties of 3D five-directional braided composite helicopter arm. Based on the optimized structure parameters, the nearly net-shaped composite helicopter arm is fabricated using a novel resin transfer mould (RTM) process.     

三维七向编织结构细观分析

根据三维编织的主要工艺, 系统地分析了三维七向编织物纱线的面内和空间运动规律。在此基础上,建立了能反映其基本结构的几何单胞模型, 并推导了编织参数之间的数学关系, 为进一步分析三维七向编织复合材料的力学性能奠定了基础。      

Finite Element Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Properties of 3D Braided Composites

This paper presents a modified finite element model (FEM) to investigate the thermo-mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) braided composite. The effective coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and the meso-scale mechanical response of 3D braided composites are predicted. The effects of the braiding angle and fiber volume fraction on the effective CTE are evaluated. The results are compared to the experimental data available in the literature to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the present method. The tensile stress distributions of the representative volume element (RVE) are also outlined. It is found that the stress of the braiding yarn has a significant increase with temperature rise; on the other hand, the temperature change has an insignificant effect on the stress of the matrix. In addition, a rapid decrease in the tensile strength of 3D braided composites is observed with the increase in temperature. It is revealed that the thermal conditions have a significant effect on the strength of 3D braided composites. The present method provides an effective tool to predict the stresses of 3D braided composites under thermo-mechanical loading.     

三维四向大编织角复合材料的细观强度分析

编织角是影响三维编织复合材料力学性能的最重要因素.实验数据表明:大编织角复合材料在单向拉伸作用下的破坏形式较为复杂,其应力-应变曲线呈现非线性特性.本文建立了细观应力场的均匀化列式和有限元求解方法,运用该方法对三维大编织角复合材料的细观应力分布进行了数值模拟,结合相关的强度理论对材料进行失效分析,并进一步对材料的拉伸强度进行预测.强度计算结果与实验结果较为吻合.