石泉、安康梯级水电站水库联合优化调度

一、石泉、安康梯级水电站概况 石泉水电站和安康水电站是位于汉江干流陕西境内的已建成和正在修建的两个梯级水电站。石泉水电站在上游,控制流域面积23400平方公里,安康控制流域面积35700平方公里。 两水电站水库是以发电为主,兼有防洪,航运灌溉等综合利用任务。石泉水电站正常蓄水位为410米,正常发电死水位为400米,汛期防洪限制水位为405米,水库为季调节,设计历时保     

汉江安康水电站降水间接指标与太阳黑子活动关系讨论

近几十年来，随着人们对太阳黑子活动现象的广泛观察与深入研究，发现太阳黑子活动与各种自然现象，包括各种自然灾害，有着千丝万缕的联系，通过这种相关研究，有效地预报了各种自然灾害。本文利用汉江安康水电站１９３５～１９９５年逐年平均流量、洪峰流量资料，以及安康县城历史水灾资料，与太阳黑子活动进行了相关性分析，对１９９６～１９９９年安康水电站降水间接指标作了尝试性的预测，对今后制定安康水电站年发电计划，以及防汛工作具有一定的参考意义。     

论水库安全渡汛与汛期限制水位

本文较系统的论述了在保证水库安全渡汛中,采用汛期限制水位的作用,和由此带来的问题,以及改变汛期限制水位所必须的条件,笔者提出将我国水库设计和运行管理中规定的(固定)汛期限制水位,改变为“活”的汛限水位,供研究讨论.本文以褒河石门水库为例,论述将固定汛限水位改变为“活”的汛限水位,所具备的条件、必要性和为石门水电站带来的效益.     

十里铺水电站库岸边坡稳定性分析

针对水库蓄水前后和库水位骤降等均会影响库岸边坡稳定性的问题,以十里铺水电站为例,根据地质资料,选取近库的、规模较大的水草坪滑坡体建立了计算模型,分析了水库蓄水前后和库水位骤降情况下该滑坡体的稳定性。结果表明,水库蓄水前水草坪滑坡体整体基本稳定,坡体上部局部失稳的可能性较大,水库蓄水后滑坡体稳定性下降,库水位骤降时将产生坡脚塌岸现象,并引发坡体上部失稳。     

基于多源数据融合的碧流河水库库区地形更新方法及应用

水库库区水下地形复杂,且伴随着冲刷淤积作用,运行数十年后水库库底地形变化较大,已有的地形资料难以真实地反映库底地形,成为水库管理的难点。在研究碧流河水库多源地形数据构建技术的基础上,对水库现有的声呐探测、历史测量图、人工点测量等多种来源数据进行有效融合,实现了水库库底地形的更新重建。结果表明,经该方法更新后的结果能够更准确地反映实际的库区地形,进而重新推求了碧流河水库的水位—库容关系曲线,分析了碧流河水库的淤积量与淤积分布情况。实例表明该方法能够较好地为水库防洪与环境治理提供技术支撑。     

观音阁水库输水工程调流电站运行方式研究

为分析观音阁水库输水工程调流电站运行方式,结合输水系统水力参数及调流需求,利用水电站厂内经济运行数学准则,详细分析了输水工程中调流机组与调流阀的联合运行方式。拟合机组运行流量限值曲线,并对机组运行方式进行区域划分,给出了基于水库水位、输水流量的运行方式选择方案。研究成果可供同类工程借鉴。     

山仔水库富营养化影响因素分析

通过水质主要指标的时空变化及其与水库流量、水位、水滞留时间等关系分析,研究水动力条件时山仔水库富营养化的影响.研究表明,山仔水库水华的发生与水文因素关系密切.     

云峰水库防洪预报调度研究

针对云峰水库无防洪库容与下游防洪需求之间的矛盾,以防御常规洪水及100年一遇以下设计洪水为目标,基于现有的洪水预报方案,采用分步试算的调洪计算方法,将预报累积净雨、库水位及入库流量作为改变水库出流的判别指标,研究制定了云峰水库预报调度方案。结果表明,采用预报调度方案指导水库防洪调度能有效提高下游防洪能力,水库可在短时间内完成预泄,并有充足的退水余量确保水库回蓄,对水库兴利影响甚小,调度方案合理可行。分步试算的调洪计算方法能适应复杂的调度规则,有效解决了水位出流关系在控制水位处存在跳跃间断点的问题。     

下游支流顶托影响下的银江水电站坝址处水位流量关系

针对水利水电工程规划和设计中受下游支流顶托影响的复杂条件下水位流量关系的拟定和使用困难问题,以金沙江干流银江水电站为例,采用统计分析法揭示了金沙江干流与支流雅砻江洪水组成及遭遇情况,采用典型年洪水组成法研究了设计洪水组成,采用实测资料与一维恒定流模型相结合的方法研究了受下游支流雅砻江顶托影响的银江水电站坝址处的复杂水位流量关系。结果表明,银江水电站坝址水位流量关系成果精度满足设计要求,可作为工程设计依据。     

我国第二大水电站首次冲击600m最高蓄水目标

<正>世界第三大、我国第二大水电站溪洛渡水电站第二阶段蓄水工作已经启动.据中国长江三峡集团介绍,从8月21日起,溪洛渡水电站正式启动600 m蓄水,首次冲击最高目标水位.溪洛渡水电站蓄水的两个阶段性目标分别为540 m与600 m水位.2013年6月23日,溪洛渡水电站的水库水位涨至540 m,     

蜀河泄水建筑物规模的优化计算

在保证安康、蜀河水库安全以及安康水库下游防护对象安全的前提下,考虑安康、蜀河区间洪水,以最大削峰为准则,建立安康水库的优化调度模型,采用动态规划法进行求解。结果分析表明优化调度后,削减了蜀河入库洪水,从而减小了蜀河枢纽泄水建筑物的规模,优化了船闸建筑物的布置,降低了工程成本。     

碛口水库与安康、石泉水库补偿调节效益

碛口水电站与安康、石泉水电站都供电陕西省电网，且入库径流差异很大，存在着补偿调节的可能性。本文根据各水库运用的特点，对三电站的补偿效益进行了初步分析，对于碛口水利枢纽设计时径流调节方法的确定，起到了重要的作用。     

安康水电站库区任家山滑坡成因及防治雏议

汉江安康水电站库区任家山滑坡 ,是人类工程活动上发环境变化 ,破坏岸坡变形临界状 ,导致岸坡变形位移。现依据初步搜集资料 ,对滑破提出粗浅分析与防治意见。     

安康电站对安康城区的防洪作用

据1990-2003年的洪水资料统计,安康城郊菜地被淹5次,有8次洪水被水库拦蓄,城郊菜地避免被淹。安康水库建成后,为下游削峰,对下游城区防洪所产生的防洪社会效益更为显著。     

耦合抽水蓄能的压缩空气储能电站概念研究

目的  储能是发展新能源、实现碳达峰碳中和目标的基础条件,其中抽水蓄能是最主要的储能方式,但是抽水蓄能依赖地理条件,需要占用大量自然资源,优良的厂址资源十分有限。为了缓解抽水蓄能厂址资源需求与自然资源稀缺的矛盾,提出了一种耦合抽水蓄能的压缩空气储能系统,并从研究思路、概念方案和工程可行性进行分析,从而为抽水蓄能产业发展提供创新解决方案。 方法  围绕提高能量密度,以减小水库容量、降低水库高度差为突破点,运用压缩空气排水的方法,将水泵水轮机替换为压缩机和膨胀机,下库改为封闭结构的承压容器。储能时,压缩机将空气压缩至高压充入下库,并推挤下库内的水至上库。释能时,水从上库返回下库,下库内的压缩空气被推挤出,并经膨胀机释放。这可使相同条件下抽水蓄能的能量转换量提高数倍。为了论证耦合抽水蓄能的压缩空气储能电站的储能效果,设置上、下库高度差300 m,按照低性能和高性能两套设备参数,对40 MW/200 MWh的概念方案进行热力学分析和储能效率计算。 结果  结果表明：在低性能参数条件下,储能效率65.68%,在高性能参数条件下,储能效率70.81%;能量密度1.67 kWh/m³。 结论  耦合抽水蓄能的压缩空气储能系统可使水库容量或高度差大幅减小,大大降低厂址要求,并可使发展抽水蓄能受限的地区具备开发条件,且关键设备成熟,单位造价与常规抽水蓄能相近,技术经济上可行。     

太阳能季节性地下水池蓄热供热系统的模拟研究

分析了太阳能季节性地下水池蓄热供热系统的运行原理,建立了蓄热水池的数学模型,以哈尔滨一栋采用该供热模式的别墅建筑为实例,以满足太阳能保证率为目标、地下水池中水温为约束,通过改变集热器面积和地下水池的体积及其他相关参数,模拟计算得到太阳集热器面积和地下水池半径的最佳匹配、系统集热量与热损失量和水温与集热效率的关系.     

On the ocean heat budget and ocean thermal energy conversion

Ocean water covers a vast portion of the Earth's surface and is also the world's largest solar energy collector. It plays an important role in maintaining the global energy balance as well as in preventing the Earth's surface from continually heating up because of solar radiation. The ocean also plays an important role in driving the atmospheric processes. The heat exchange processes across the ocean surface are represented in an ocean thermal energy budget, which is important because the ocean stores and releases thermal energy. The solar energy absorbed by the ocean heats up the surface water, despite the loss of heat energy from the surface due to back‐radiation, evaporation, conduction, and convection, and the seasonal change in the surface water temperature is less in the tropics. The cold water from the higher latitudes is carried by ocean currents along the ocean bottom from the poles towards the equator, displacing the lower‐density water above and creating a thermal structure with a large reservoir of warm water at the ocean surface and a large reservoir of cold water at the bottom, with a temperature difference of 22°C to 25°C between them. The available thermal energy, which is the almost constant temperature water at the beginning and end of the thermocline, in some areas of the oceans, is suitable to drive ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) plants. These plants are basically heat engines that use the temperature difference between the surface and deep ocean water to drive turbines to generate electricity. A detailed heat energy budget of the ocean is presented in the paper taking into consideration all the major heat inputs and outputs. The basic OTEC systems are also presented and analyzed in this paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design and analysis of a new wave energy converter based on a point absorber and a hydraulic system harvesting energy from waves near the shore in calm seas

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the design of a new wave energy converter, composed of a point absorber and a hydraulic system (power take off) and sized for recovering energy in calm seas from waves near the shore. The point absorber is consisting of a rectangular shaped buoy integrating a piston pump. The set buoy‐pump oscillates under the waves action and moves natural water in a closed circuit hydraulic system (power take off) composed of a piping connecting the piston pump itself, a pressurized reservoir, a hydraulic turbine and a discharge tank. The methodology adopted for designing the main constituents involves a 1D mathematical model, settled for understanding the motion of the buoy under the hypothesis of regular waves and fully developed sea, and a sizing procedure applied for the design of all the components of the hydraulic system. The project related to the Calabrian site of Cetraro (Mediterranean Sea—south Italy) led to designing a system with a 4 m large buoy, associated with a small 13 cm diameter micro Pelton turbine, so that more than 22 000 kWh could be recovered in a year.     

Autonomous WPP/HPP power system operating modes study

Today, there are centralized and decentralized energy supply areas world-wide. Centralized energy supply is provided by united energy grids which cover most habitable areas; they incorporate several types of power sources with centralized control system. Decentralized energy supply areas cover territories disconnected from power grid, and they incorporate only one type of power source.Autonomous diesel power plants (DPP) are nowadays used mainly to power decentralized consumers and consumer groups. DPP basic disadvantages are power production high cost, diesel fuel nonregenerability, greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution. The possibility of power supply by autonomous power systems combining wind power plants (WPP) and hydro power plants (HPP) as alternative to diesel generation due to hydraulic energy storage advantages has been considered.Autonomous WPP/HPP power system is a combination of WPP, HPP with water-storage reservoir, automatic control system and switchgear, combined by power, infrastructural and data connections. Hydrogen energy storage is considered to be the second energy storage.HPP water-storage reservoir parametrization procedure considering operating specificity of HPP and WPP as a part of power system with hydraulic and hydrogen energy storage has been suggested. Mathematical models for operating modes of WPP, HPP and storage reservoir have been developed, which consider resources, technical and technological features of their performance in decentralized power supply system. Technique for determining storage reservoir backup volume with allowance for wind conditions parameters, WPP features and storage reservoir configuration have been suggested. Method of day-ahead WPP power calculation in solving problem of operational planning of power system operating modes has been suggested. Simulation of WPP/HPP power system operating modes with seasonal-storage reservoir and hydrogen energy storage have been carried out.The suggested techniques could be used for solving design problems to substantiate decentralized power supply system parameters in remote and isolated areas, as well as for evaluating energy efficiency of replacing the existent decentralized power supply systems on the basis of DPP using imported diesel fuel by environmentally safe systems on the basis of local energy resource – wind energy and hydraulic energy. The suggested techniques are also focused on solving problem of power system operating modes for operational planning.     

行波波长及波速对获能特性的影响

在一定的运动参数条件下,行波运动可以从流水或风中吸取能量。以NACA0012翼型作为行波运动鱼体二维简化模型的原始翼型,采用数值模拟的方法研究波长及波速对行波运动获能特性的影响。结果表明：当波长不变时,随着无量纲波速的增大,行波运动从流水中吸收的能量（无量纲侧向功率）和能量利用率先增大后减小,并存在一个最佳波速使得无量...