监理实施细则的作用、要点与主要内容

监理实施细则作为指导开展具体监理工作的实施性文件，对工程项目建设监理工作具有重要的意义和作用。一份完善的细则是监理工作成功的基础，是保证监理工作顺利进行的必备条件。因此，在监理工作开始之前，编写监理实施细则是一项必不可少的工作内容。     

监理实施细则的作用与编写特点分析

监理实施细则是具体指导监理人员开展监理实务作业的文件,通过监理实施细则作用分析,探讨细则编写的方法和内容。     

浅议监理实施细则的编写

监理实施细则是具体指导监理人员开展监理业务的文件,该文通过监理实施细则作用的分析,探讨细则编写的方法和内容。     

万福闸加固工程监理工作的实践探讨

万福闸加固工程在建设中重视监理工作,根据加固工作内容和施工特点,明确安全监理责任,制定切实可行的安全管理目标,编写监理规划和安全监理实施细则,切实做好加固工程的安全监理工作,规避了安全责任风险,保障了监理单位和监理工程的合法权益,确保了工程安全生产和建设质量。     

水利工程建设监理的认识

简要介绍了建设监理发展情况，水利工程建设监理的基本原则和基本模式。阐述了社会监理的基本准则，社会监理单位的资质等级所考虑的主要因素。介绍了水利工程建设监理单位的业务．监理工程师应具备的条件和申请监理工程师必须遵循的程序．最后，介绍了建设监理的实施，重点阐述了监理规划和监理实施细则的编写内容。     

天生桥一级水电站堆石坝坝体填筑质量监理

天生桥一级水电站堆石坝工程建设监理根据承建合同文件和技术规程规范编制了一套监理工作规程及分专业分项目的监理实施细则，采用主动控制为主，被动控制为辅，两种手段相结合的动态控制方式实施工程建设监理。     

如何做好监理日记的记录工作

监理资料的编写、整理是监理工作的重要环节，是监理服务工作量和价值的体现。监理日记是监理资料中的重要组成部分，是全面、充分体现参建各方合同的履行程度和工程实施过程中最真实的工作证据。     

现场监理工程师工作考核实践与探讨

1　现场监理工作考核的依据(1)国家颁布实施的有关工程建设的法律、法规、标准、条例。(2)省、市下发的关于监理单位考核评定的有关文件。(3)本公司制定实施的各项规章制度。(4)工程项目监理规划及监理实施细则。(5)来自业主、承包商及其它方面反馈的有关信息。2　现场监理工作     

浅谈锦屏二级水电站拦河闸坝标试验监理工作实践

开展试验监理工作应以合同、规范和试验规程、试验监理实施细则等为依据,以原材料的质量检测控制为基础,质量过程控制为核心;以现场的旁站监理、平行试验和对试验资料的审核为主要工作方法,以确保工程质量处于受控状态。介绍了试验监理工程师在试验工作方面的一般程序、主要工作方法及工作中的重点和难点。     

解读《水利工程施工监理规范》(SL288-2014)

《水利工程建设项目施工监理规范》(SL288-2003)发布实施以来,对规范水利工程监理单位和人员的监理活动,保证监理工作质量,提高项目管理水平起到了重要作用。随着工程建设有关法律、法规和规章的颁布,以及与水利工程建设相关规范性文件和技术标准的修订,《水利工程建设项目施工监理规范》(SL288-2003)已不能满足监理工作需要。《水利工程施工监理规范》(SL288-2014)的发布实施进一步规范水利工程施工监理工作,扩大了适用范围,修改了监理职责与权限及监理工作内容,并对相关表格进行了修改和补充。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。