非线性状态空间方法辨识电液伺服控制系统

针对回归神经网络辨识和建立非线性动态系统模型的问题,研究非线性状态空间描述的回归神经网络数学模型。讨论极小均方误差网络训练收敛准则,通过研究Kalman 滤波估计公式中的随机变量,提出一种参数增广的回归神经网络非线性状态方程,无导数的Kalman滤波器用于增广参数估计,人工白噪声强迫网络学习,更新网络权值,避免了扩展Kalman滤波器计算Jacobian信息和基于递度学习算法收敛慢的问题。在电液伺服系统辨识建模的应用中表明,回归神经网络较好地跟踪了液压油缸压力变化,与扩展Kalman滤波估计学习算法相比,新的算法具有较快的收敛和精度。     

基于DPCA-RBF网络的工业流化床乙烯气相聚合过程的软测量研究

工业流化床乙烯气相聚合反应是一个复杂的生产过程,具有高维、非线性、动态性和强噪声特点,质量变量难以直接测量。为解决关键质量变量在线软测量问题,首先采用动态主元分析(DPCA)的方法对过程变量提取主元,消除了过程变量之间的相关性、噪声并体现了建模数据的动态特性;其次对提取出的主元变量采用径向基函数网络(RBF)建模的方法,建立主元变量和质量变量之间的网络结构。对纯函数数据以及工业现场数据分别进行PCA-RBF模型及DPCA-RBF模型的仿真研究,研究结果表明,当建模数据存在非线性、动态性、噪声以及相关性等特性时,DPCA-RBF建模方法比PCA-RBF及单纯的RBF建模方法更优越。因此,DPCA-RBF建模方法较适合运用在工业实时变量的软测量中。     

移动机器人过程神经网络RTK-GPS定位研究

在中国自主研发北斗三号系统已经全面运行,实现全球定位的背景下。为了进一步提高移动机器人地面终端卫星导航定位功能,针对移动机器人数据接收解析的高频振荡随机干扰信号和系统高阶动态非线性对定位导航精度的影响,提出一种利用过程神经网络的时变特性,构建动态自适应RTK-GPS(Real Time Kinematic-Global Position System)定位算法。通过现有的卫星定位终端的输入输出数据构造出神经网络模型,再利用动态误差数据为样本对这个神经网络模型进行训练校正,在卫星信号受到干扰或失锁时利用训练好的过程神经网络预测输出来抑制位置和速度误差发散,从而提高定位和导航精度。实验表明本方法在定位干扰噪声为非定常量的条件下,仍然对定位精度的提高适用有效,能显著降低定位结果误差,尤其在可观察卫星数量变化时表现出较强的鲁棒性。     

基于UKF方法的永磁同步平面电动机位移测量

针对现有永磁同步平面电动机位移测量方法测量自由度少,且安装要求苛刻等缺点,利用少量分散排布,在磁场中相位不重合的霍尔传感器组成的霍尔阵列信号及电动机的磁通密度模型,基于无味卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman filter,UKF)方法导出一种永磁同步平面电动机沿x、y轴平动及绕z轴转动位移的测量方法.仿真及试验结果表明,该方法可以实现电动机平面3自由度位移的测量.在观测值使用次数一定的情况下,随着观测噪声逐渐减小,位移估计值精度便逐渐提高,但当观测噪声小到一定程度时,位移估计值精度稳定在一定水平上,此时由算法造成的计算误差成为影响精度的主要因素.在同样的观测噪声下,多次使用观测值进行反复迭代,可以使位移估计值精度得到进一步提高.在实际工程应用中,应该从精度要求和计算量综合考虑,从而确定最优观测值迭代次数.     

基于Sage窗的自适应Kalman滤波用于钟差预报研究

钟差预报是时间保持工作中的一项关键技术。Kalman算法作为一种最优预报算法,具有实时性的特点,在时间保持工作中得到了广泛的应用。但是由于经典Kalman算法需要准确确定模型随机误差和测量误差,否则状态估计会引入一定的误差,在原子时算法中表现为原子钟噪声和钟差测量噪声。原子钟的噪声参数值通常是通过Allan方差估计,若估计不够准确,Kalman预报将会出现误差。通过研究基于Sage窗的自适应Kalman预报算法,实时修正状态模型误差。利用自适应因子调整状态预测协方差阵有效降低了模型误差,提高了预报精度,最后通过两台氢原子钟和两台铯原子钟的实测数据验证了算法的有效性。     

基于HP滤波与非线性维纳过程的退化建模与失效分布研究

针对退化建模中广泛采用的非线性维纳过程难以得到失效时间分布精确表达式的问题,提出了一种新的非线性维纳过程退化建模与失效分析方法。首先,运用HP(Hodrick-Prescott)滤波提取退化数据的长期趋势;其次,从理论上说明对数变换消除非线性异方差的可行性;然后,提出非线性维纳过程二步估计方法,利用最小二乘法进行确定性漂移趋势的参数估计,利用极大似然估计法进行扩散参数估计,在此基础上给出首达时意义下非线性维纳过程失效时间分布的精确表达式;最后,以焊点为研究对象进行退化建模与失效分析,实测实验数据分析结果表明,非线性维纳过程退化建模方法能够给出焊点失效时间分布,且精度优于线性维纳过程,更优于回归模型。     

动态数据的系统处理 第三讲 建模

建模就是对所获得的观测数据拟出适用的数学模型,以揭示观测数据内部的规律性和产生观测数据系统的动态特性。建模方法的特点,就是将观测数据作为一个线性系统对白噪声输入的响应,以建立描叙此系统的随机差分方程。此即,从对数据的观测,采样间隔与样本长度的确定,系统模型形式的选取,模型阶数的考虑与参数的估计,模型适用性的检验以及建模有关问题,都不应只计及模型的数学可能性,而且还应考虑系统的物理特性。同回归分析或相关分析相比,如第一讲所述。这种建模     

基于人工神经网络的过程动态特性建模——火电厂烟气含氧量的软测量

利用神经网络进行火电厂烟气含氧量的测量进行建模和研究,通过对数据的收集与整理,得到了模型训练与结果分析,有效解决了工业过程中普遍存在的一类难以在线测量变量估计问题,从而大大提高企业的经济效益,降低了能源损耗。     

基于自适应Kalman滤波的SAW测温数据纠错方法

在无源无线SAW测温系统实际应用中,阅读器接收到的信号往往受到其所处环境电磁波的干扰。这些干扰将会使阅读器得到错误的测量数据。温度变化趋势和测量噪声时变的特点也给系统建模以及噪声估计带来了困难。针对实际应用中存在的问题,在Kalman滤波的基础之上,提出了一种新的自适应算法。该算法采用多项式预测的方法建立温度测量的时变系统模型,根据当前及历史测量值,自行调整预测模型参数,避免因模型不准确造成Kalman滤波效果严重下降的问题;通过对测量数据小波变换的方法,实时估计测量数据噪声方差,克服未知观测噪声的条件下精度下降的问题;当测量数据受到干扰时,测量值与纠错值之间的差值不满足高斯分布,通过对差值统计特性的分析,对测量数据进行错误数据判别与剔除,有效地抑制干扰对温度测量的影响。将这种自适应Kalman滤波算法应用到无源无线SAW测温系统中,无源无线SAW温度传感器测温实验的结果验证了该算法能有效地纠正粗大误差,提高测量系统的精度。     

基于神经网络观测器的机械臂力/位置控制

针对机械臂末端运动受约束的力/位置控制中无法精确建模、模型具有外界干扰和关节角速度不可测等问题，设计一种基于神经网络观测器的补偿控制系统。首先，通过解耦力和位置控制，得到降阶动态模型。然后，利用神经网络速度观测器对关节速度在线估计，并用神经网络对降阶动力学模型中的不确定项进行逼近补偿滑模控制器。最后，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明系统稳定性，并对二连杆机械臂进行仿真。仿真结果表明所设计的控制系统的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.