应用于数字近景摄影测量的可配置三维控制场

三维控制场是影响数字近景摄影测量技术现场应用效能的关键因素之一。提出了一种新颖的可用于数字近景摄影测量的三维控制场实现方法;研制了一套可应用于地下工程围岩变形监测的便携式精密三维控制场系统装置,系统可根据被测目标实际情况动态配置控制场各控制点物方坐标,从而实现控制场网型结构优化,具有小型化、便携化、快速化以及原位化等优点;对控制场精度影响因素及对应抑制措施进行了分析;基于该装置构建了数字近景摄影测量系统并进行了相关应用性实验,实验结果证明了该三维控制场完全满足地下工程围岩变形监测的应用需求。     

光学3D坐标测量技术研究

研究了光学坐标测量系统三维精密视觉测量方法,对其核心技术:数字成像器件模型及标定方法、辅助靶标技术以及高精度亚象素图像处理算法进行了深入的讨论,并提出了详细的解决方法.经实验证明,这些方法切实可行,达到了所要求的精度,从而为光学坐标测量系统的设计提供了可靠依据.     

多基线数字近景摄影测量技术在口腔颜面部三维成像和测量中的应用

目的:探讨多基线数字近景摄影测量技术在口腔颜面部三维成像和测量中的应用。方法:应用普通数码相机对口腔颜面部进行拍摄并获得多幅重叠无序的照片,采用多基线数字近景摄影系统对照片进行处理。结果:对颜面部组织长度及宽度测量上与传统手工测量方法相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:多基线数字近景摄影测量技术操作简单、测量准确、对设备要求低,可用于口腔颜面部三维成像的测量中。     

环形闪光灯对数字近景摄影测量的影响测试

为验证环形闪光灯在数字近景摄影测量使用中的效能,直接采用闪光灯光强调节测试法,通过使用多个品牌型号的环形闪光灯分别在被测物不同距离处,调节不同光强输出,对获得的系列数字影像进行成像像素灰度值与测量准确度分析。结果表明:数字近景摄影成像像素灰度值和测量准确度均与摄影距离及闪光灯光强输出大小有密切关系,而且适度调节环形闪光灯光强大小能够使得成像质量与测量准确度达到最优,可以满足大尺寸工业测量的要求,从而为数字近景摄影测量过程中环形闪光灯及光强大小的选择提供数据依据与参考。     

数字近景工业摄影测量关键技术研究与应用

随着工业的快速发展,对数字近景工业摄影测量技术提出了更高的要求。文章首先对数字近景工业测量关键技术进行分析研究,包括单像机三坐标测量的新方法、像机的自标定算法,其次分析数字近景工业摄影测量关键技术的应用。     

计量文摘精粹

1 非正交系坐标测量系统原理及进展作者 :李广云摘要 :非正交系坐标测量系统是近十几年来发展的一类移动、便携式的测量系统 ,一般分为电子经纬仪测量系统、全站仪测量系统、数字近景摄影测量系统、激光跟踪测量系统、激光扫描测量系统和关节式坐标测量机等 6类 ,通过间接测量边长和角度来确定测点的三维坐标值。文章将这 6类测量系统归纳为球坐标测量法、三角测量法、三边测量法和导线测量法 4种测量方法 ,讨论了其测量原理 ,简单介绍了其应用和发展。关键词 :三坐标测量机　非正交系　球坐标测量系统　三角测量系统　三边测量系统　支导线…     

数字近景摄影测量中相机内参数校准

以数字近景摄影测量中相机内参数为研究对象,分析了相机成像模型和镜头畸变模型,使用基于平面标定物的方法对内参数进行了校准。根据数字近景摄影系统的特点和用途,设计和制作了具有多种特征的标定板,给出了相机内参数校准的步骤。对角点检测函数做了算法上的分析,编写了适合标定板的角点检测函数。用该方法对数字近景摄影相机的内参数进行了校准试验,角点检测的平均误差＜0.02 pixel。     

数字近景工业摄影测量系统测量重复性研究

测量重复性是数字近景工业摄影测量系统精度测评的重要指标.本文按照GB/T 34890-2017《数字摄影三坐标测量系统的验收检验和复检检验》的规定,评定了数字近景工业摄影测量系统的测量重复性,并与JJF 1033-2016《计量标准考核规范》的评定方法、计算值进行了比较.通过评定发现:GB/T 34890-2017规定的评定方法所得测量重复性略偏大,但计算方便,计算结果反映了摄影测量系统的稳定性水平.     

基于面阵CCD的大视场在线检测系统研究

设计了一套非接触在线检测系统,该系统基于近景摄影测量原理,与传统测量方法相比,它可以对大视场内多目标同时进行检测.对CCD像机进行精密标定,利用光线束平差原理求解空间坐标,采用亚像素技术处理图像以及同名像点匹配等技术的运用,大大提高了检测精度.系统单幅拍摄线视场为141 mm,最终可以检测500mm× 500mm范围内的目标,空间坐标检测精度优于0.03mm.该系统可应用于工业现场检测等众多相关领域.     

为什么放映机低温下工作也会报警

正您可能知道数字放映机不宜在高温下工作,但不一定知道它也不宜在低温下工作,那为什么呢?实际上这主要是数字放映机光引擎里成像器件DMD芯片的工作要求。因为DMD是个极为精密的、高集成度的数字微镜器件,是由极高精度受控的微镜阵列组成,每个像素都是一粒带精密连接的小镜子单元,工作时不断翻转,来反射光线从而形成影像。那到底为什么不宜在太低的温度下工作呢?     

High Precision Contouring with Moiré and Related Methods: A Review

Abstract: Optical methods of contouring that utilise image recordings by cameras are based on a fundamental discipline, projective geometry. The 3‐D world is projected in 2‐D utilising a camera modelled in the technical literature by the pinhole camera. To get back 3‐D information, the fundamental property measured is parallax. Parallax is a vector resulting from the difference of the projective coordinates of a point in space when projected onto a plane from two different points. The oldest method used for measuring parallax is photogrammetry. It is assumed to be the most precise technique, with the capability of obtaining 10^?5 of the largest dimension of the measured object. This study summarises the state‐of‐the‐art methods based on projecting a spatial carrier. Starting with the concept of moiré as a form of photogrammetry, the different optical techniques for parallax determination are discussed. Although the moiré method has reached 1 μm accuracy in laboratory work, a question remains: can moiré become a standardised contouring technique yielding 10^?6 m accuracy? This study is devoted to the analysis of high accuracy contour measurements, through both theoretical derivations and experimental verifications.     

Parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holography

We propose a parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holography technique capable of instantaneous measurement of three-dimensional objects, with a view toward measurement of dynamically moving objects. The technique is based on phase-shifting interferometry. The proposed technique carries out the two-step phase-shifting method at one time and can be optically implemented by using a phase-shifting array device located in the reference beam. The array device has a periodic two-step phase distribution, and its configuration is simplified compared with that required for three-step and four-step parallel phase-shifting digital holographies. Therefore the optical system of the proposed technique is more suitable for the realization of a parallel phase-shifting digital holography system. We conduct both a numerical simulation and a preliminary experiment in the proposed technique. The results of the simulation and the experiment agree well with those of sequential phase-shifting digital holography, and results are superior to those obtained by conventional digital holography using the Fresnel transform alone. Thus the effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified.     

微腔光频梳的应用研究进展

微腔光频梳作为一种频率的测量工具,具有高准确度、可集成化的优势,将在深空探测、精密计量等领域发挥巨大作用。本文系统全面地介绍了微腔光频梳在非线性激发产生和器件研制方面的技术现状,阐述了微腔光频梳在光钟、测距成像、光谱分析、频率合成器、低信噪微波源和相干通信等方面的研究进展,对光频梳未来的技术研究热点和应用前景进行了预测,为微腔光频梳在计量、测试、通信等领域的应用发展起到推动作用。     

Acoustic grating fringe projector for high-speed and high-precision three-dimensional shape measurements

A new acoustic grating fringe projector (AGFP) was developed for high-speed and high-precision 3D measurement. A new acoustic grating fringe projection theory is also proposed to describe the optical system. The AGFP instrument can adjust the spatial phase and period of fringes with unprecedented speed and accuracy. Using rf power proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and CCD synchronous control, we obtain fringes with fine sinusoidal characteristics and realize high-speed acquisition of image data. Using the device, we obtained a precise phase map for a 3D profile. In addition, the AGFP can work in running fringe mode, which could be applied in other measurement fields.     

Two-dimensional single-shot tomography using a virtually imaged phased array and a spatial phase modulator

A virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) installed optical interferometer has been expanded to the two-dimensional (2D) tomography from the previous one-dimensional single-shot imaging technique with keeping the resolution and the measurement range. A single-shot measurement has been realized by a spatial phase modulator installed in the optical interferometer and tracing the delay time to pixel numbers on a 2D charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor. The flexibility of the sample position was experimentally confirmed to be >25 mm, in relation to the VIPA coherency, for which the number of the interference order was confirmed to be 35. As a demonstration, a surface profile of stacked gauge blocks was observed. The repeatability of the surface position was 5?μm for the surface profilometry. In addition, a multilayer structure was observed using a glass plate. The experimental resolution was 53?μm when the amplified spontaneous emission light generated by the optical fiber amplifier was used for the light source. The single-shot measurement was confirmed by the 2D-CCD at a frame rate of 30 frames per second (FPS), and it provided evidence that the 2D scanless profilometry was successfully achieved using the VIPA optical device.     

A time-resolved optical system for spatial characterization of thecarrier distribution in a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO)

The measurement of two-dimensional (2-D) excess-carrier distribution in a gate GTO by a time-resolved infrared-absorption technique is discussed. The optical scanning system employs a wide memory digital oscilloscope for data acquisition and a computer system for control, data processing, and display. Maps of the carrier distribution in the active GTO device are produced under steady-state conditions as well as during turn-on and turn-off operation. The maps are presented as three-dimensional (3-D) views produced from 2-D measurements     

Mirau干涉型微纳台阶高度测量系统的研究

为了实现纳米量级到微米量级的微观三维台阶样板高度的快速测量,在普通光学显微镜的基础上改造完成了一台微纳台阶高度测量装置,设计了整体硬件结构,编写了测量控制软件和数据处理软件,并结合Hilbert变换和小波变换实现三维表面形貌测量。使用不同高度的台阶样品进行测试,测试结果表明:系统测量准确度较高,测量重复性较好,垂直测量范围大于50 μm。     

Parallel three-step phase-shifting digital holography

We propose parallel three-step phase-shifting digital holography as a technique capable of noiseless instantaneous measurement of three-dimensional objects based on phase-shifting interferometry. The proposed digital holography carries out three-step phase shifting at the same time by using a phase-shifting array device located in the reference beam. The array device has a periodic three-step phase distribution, and its configuration is simplified compared with that required for conventional parallel phase-shifting digital holography. Therefore the optical system of the proposed parallel phase-shifting digital holography is more suitable for the realization of the proposed holography. We conduct both a numerical simulation and a preliminary experiment. The results of the simulation and experiment agree well with those of the conventional phase-shifting method and are superior to the results obtained by conventional digital holography by using the Fresnel transform alone. Thus the effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified.     

Vakuummessung im Wandel der Zeit

Vacuum Measurement over the Course of Time — From Torricelli to bakeable digital wide‐range sensors for measurement from 10³ to 10^‐12 mbar Since the first vacuum measurement in the middle of the 17th century, various methods have been developed to measure total vacuum pressures. After establishing the kinetic theory of gases in the late 19th century, the development of different indirect measurement methods started. Hereby, the lower detection limit — located in the fine vacuum range for direct methods such as mercury tubes — has been continuously shifted down to the ultrahigh vacuum range. The combination of different measuring principles in wide‐range sensors soon allowed the measurement over extended pressure ranges — with just one device. Latest developments have yielded to the creation of a new generation of vacuum measurement: passive bakeable wide‐range sensors. Consisting of optimized ionization‐sensors and a novel integration of a digital Pirani principle, they are the first vacuum sensors for precise total pressure measurement over 15 decades — from atmosphere down to the ultra‐high vacuum (10⁺³ to 10^‐12 mbar).