纺织技术在草坪建植中的应用

纺织技术在草坪的培育、固结、无土栽培等领域已有广泛的应用,主要的应用产品有草坪培育垫、植生纱、土工模袋、土壤加固材料等,本文分别对其生产制备及应用进行了阐述,且对国内纺织技术在草坪建植中存在的问题进行了分析。     

体育与娱乐用纺织品的进展(二)

4　运动场地面、草坪与场地遮盖物天然草地的建立与维护非常烦琐 ,劳动强度大 ,且成本较高 ,人们研制出人造运动场地以取代天然草地。与天然草皮相比 ,纺织品制成的草皮的优点是均匀、全天候、性能稳定、不易变坏。纺织品用于运动场地面有下列三种方式。4 1　人造草坪、人造地坪取代天然草坪的纺织品基本上有两类 ,一类是绒头织物地毯即人造草坪 ,另一类是类似毡一样的纺织结构。4 1 1　人造草坪首先得到开发的是地毯型绒头草坪织物。其上面是花式绒头纤维织成的密实垫 ,下面是连接绒头纤维的底布。绒头纤维即带子状纤维 ,它由抗磨的聚酰胺…     

Van de Wiele:制织人造草皮的织机

人造草皮第一次用于1976年蒙特和尔奥运会的曲棍球赛场上。现在越来越多的比赛是在沙子和橡胶填充的合成场地上进行的。国际足联和欧洲足联将会允许一些比赛在人造草皮上进行,因此机织草皮的需要量将会越来越大。从任何距离观察,这些“下一代”草皮（图1）与真正的草皮是无法区别的。随着国际足联和欧洲足联颁布两个关于气候和场她的标准,使得天然草皮的生长和维护变得困难,因此迫切需要使用入工草皮。另外,多用途的体育场采用人工草皮,就可以每天在草皮上举办比赛而不会有任何问题。     

可生物降解的运动场草皮底基材料

据美国发明者称 ,他们发明了一种较易装运和铺置的可生物降解的体育场天然草皮的支持材料。位于俄亥俄州辛辛那提的草皮稳定化技术公司在USP 61 45 2 4 8中叙述了一种用合成纤维制成的草皮底基材料系统。这种底基材料上有许多孔以便于草皮排水并能让草根穿过。这种草皮底基材料至少是部分可生物降解的 ,在降解过程中使空间增大 ,这样就能促进草的生长。草皮有其底基 ,铺置者将全纤草皮底基材料铺置在它的上面。而草皮底基的下面还有一结构层。草皮下底基提供排水以及结构上的支撑作用。草皮底基下面的结构层是用泥土和石块构成的 ,它也能…     

草坪机具现状与发展

草坪机具现状与发展陈秋全内蒙古扎兰屯农牧学校草坪是高度培育的特殊草地，随着草坪面积的扩大，品质的提高，草坪业逐渐由单一的人工作业向半机械化、机械化、自动化过渡，草坪作业的机械化已成为十分重要的课题。１播种机专用的草坪播种机还处于起步阶段，草坪草种子细...     

高弓足矫形鞋垫的研究进展

高足弓是一种脚部疾病，患者通常足弓很高、足背凸起，导致步态异常，引发走路不稳、容易摔倒等问题。高足弓分为先天性、获得性和特发性。重度高足弓者需要手术治疗，而轻度足高弓可以使用高弓足矫形鞋垫，填补脚底与鞋底的接触面积，降低足底根部和前脚掌所受的压力，对不适合手术的病人也能够起到帮助作用。本文从高足弓的特点入手，研究矫形鞋垫的特点及作用，分析了高弓足矫形鞋垫的研究现状，有利于患者和矫形鞋垫厂商了解高弓足矫形鞋垫的原理及其作用，对高弓足矫形鞋垫的研究开展具有积极意义。     

纺织品在人造运动草皮中的应用

<正> 多种室外运动的传统场地都是草坪。因为,水平、茂密、齐整并由于土地水分滋润而略变柔软的草皮是无与伦比的运动场。在足球、曲棍球、板球以及其他一些运动中,运动员从小就开始技能训练,熟悉了球在这种天然地毯上如何反弹和滚     

再生纤维“植生带”草坪的研究与应用

植生带草坪可以在工厂中采用机械化、自动化的方法连续生产,利用植生带铺建草坪,可以不受天时地理的限制,并能节省大量的土地和劳动力,从而在根本上改变了在自然条件下进行人工培育的传统作法。介绍了利用再生纤维加工植生带草坪的生产工艺、设备,研究了植生带的基质、粘合剂以及温度等对草种的影响,叙述了铺设方法和技术要求,分析了植生带草坪的性能、应用范围和经济效益。结果表明,种植植生带草坪成本低(1.70元/m_2),仅为种植草块成本的1/3～1/2,尤其适用于坡地种植。认为该项成果在加速我国草坪建设方面,具有较好的应用前景。     

经编人造草皮制备及其性能研究

为比较不同织造工艺制备的人造草皮的性能,选用聚乙烯人造草丝和1 166 dtex/384 f半光涤纶DTY作为原料,通过针织工艺,在双针床经编机上织造成经编人造草皮,同时从市场上购买机织人造草皮作为对照,对经编人造草皮和机织人造草皮的渗水性能、阻燃性能、拉伸性能和撕裂性能进行测试和分析。结果表明:2种人造草皮都具有优良的阻燃性能,经编人造草皮具有更好的渗水性能和拉伸性能,尽管其撕裂强力略低,但其综合性能仍更佳。     

EMPA／TiscaTiara：用于人造草坪的新型PA／PE双组分纤维

瑞士EMPA公司和瑞士地毯厂商TiscaTiara公司的一个研究小组开发出一种新的双组分纤维，这种纤维含有两种不同的聚合物。聚酰胺芯具有优良的弹性回复性，所以纤维能够反复回到垂直的位置；表皮聚乙烯的低摩擦性能帮助选手摔倒后不致受伤。这种草坪已铺设在瑞士的两个足球场上。它能满足一些基本要求，并在视觉上很接近模仿的天然草皮...     

合成纤维和玻璃纤维制成的Ashrae过滤介质的性能比较

对常用的超细玻璃纤维制成的Ashrae袋式过滤介质、标准驻极熔喷聚丙烯Ashrae袋式过滤介质和一种新型的熔喷聚丙烯细纤维Ashrae袋式过滤介质进行了比较。标准玻璃纤维毡所用的纤维非常微细,密实性(固体体积分数)很低,导致α值(品质因子)较高,但该材料不能吸附静电荷。标准熔喷聚丙烯过滤介质所用的纤维比玻璃纤维粗得多,密实性也更高,因能吸附很多静电荷,其初始α值比玻璃纤维毡要大得多,但放电后的α值却比玻璃纤维毡低得多。新型的熔喷聚丙烯细纤维过滤介质可完全驻极,其初始α值和标准熔喷聚丙烯过滤介质一样高,但由于更加细微的纤维结构,在放电后所保持的α值更高。     

不同甜菜品种根际钾吸收特性的研究

采用微型盆钵和根际土壤薄层切片法对甜菜不同品种的钾吸收特性进行了研究。结果表明甜菜能强烈地吸收根近区土壤中的钾素，形成一明显的根近区的土壤钾素的耗竭剖面，其剖面变化特征因品种，培养时间和土壤肥力条件而变化。在品种相同时根际各相关的Ｋ吸收能力参数随培养时间延长和土壤肥力的提高而增加，在培养时间和土壤肥力条件相同条件下，品种Ｅｌａｎ根际的吸钾能力明显高于Ｃｏｉｌｂｒｉ，其根际土壤的钾素耗竭范围，单位根     

Oxygen isotopes unravel the role of microorganisms in phosphate cycling in soils

Phosphorus (P) is considered the ultimate limiting nutrient for plants in most natural systems and changes in the distribution of inorganic and organic P forms during soil development have been well documented. In particular, microbial activity has been shown to be an important control on P cycling but its contribution in building up the pool of plant-available P during soil development is still poorly quantified. To determine the importance of different biological processes on P cycling, we analyzed the isotopic composition of oxygen in phosphate (δ(18)O-Pi) from the parent material, soil microorganisms, the available P pool, and from the vegetation along a 150-year soil chronosequence of a glacier forefield. Our results show that at all sites, δ(18)O-Pi of microbial Pi is within the range expected for the temperature-dependent equilibrium between phosphate and water. In addition, the isotopic signature of available Pi is close to the signature of microbial Pi, independently of the contribution of parent material Pi, vegetation Pi or Pi released from organic matter mineralization. Thus, we show that phosphate is cycled through soil microorganisms before being released to the available pool. This isotopic approach demonstrates for the first time in the field and over long time scales, and not only through controlled experiments, the role of the microbial activity in cycling of P in soils.     

Preparation and characterization of EPDM ultrafine fibers by electrospinning

Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) ultrafine fibers have been prepared by electrospinning method, with an average diameter of micron grade and fibrous structural morphology. The effects of experimental parameters, including the solution concentration, applied voltage, collection distance, and flow rate, were investigated carefully. It shows that the morphology and fiber diameter of electrospun EPDM fibers are greatly influenced by the process parameters. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry apparatuses were used to analyze the structural and thermal properties of the electrospun fiber mat, with EPDM cast film as a comparison. The results reveal that the electrospun fiber mat has a lower degree of crystallinity than its cast film.     

DNA sequence of the mat2,3 region of Schizosaccharomyces kambucha shares high homology with the corresponding sequence from Sz. pombe

To define conserved sequences for mat1 imprinting and silencing of the mat2,3 region of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we determined the DNA sequence of the cognate region (mat2,3 region) of another fission yeast, Sz. kambucha, a yeast species isolated from Kambucha tea mix. The entire mat2,3 region shows more than 98% identity between the two species. Sequence similarity is even higher (99.3%) for mating-type cassettes; deduced amino acid sequences of three of the four Mat peptides (Pi, Pc and Mi) are identical between the two species, while the fourth (Mc) has a single amino acid polymorphism. Comparison of the sequence motif of the imprint site essential for mat1 switching shows that mat-P of Sz. kambucha has a sequence identical to the conserved motif present in Sz. pombe. However, this sequence motif of nine bases differs by one base for mat-M of Sz. kambucha. The sequence of the K region shows about 98% identity between the two species, with the cenH region showing 98.3% homology. Thus, the arrangement of the mat2,3 region in both yeasts is conserved and shows 1-2% nucleotide sequence variation throughout the region. The DNA sequence of the mat2,3 region from Sz. kambucha has been submitted to GenBank under Accession No. AY271822.     

中国古代坐具的演变与时代的发展

中国古代坐具的发展经历了漫长的发展历程,人们的起居生活也实现了由＂席地而坐＂到＂垂足而坐＂的转变。不同的时代背景造就了不同的生活方式,中古古代坐具的发展与演变也反映了各个时代的要求。     

离散系统最优极点配置问题的研究

提出了一种以极点移动为基础的离散系统最优极点配置的新方法，得到了加权矩阵和最优闭环系统在频域内的关系；讨论了指定闭环极点的选择问题，并举例说明了该方法的有效性和简便性。这种方法的主要优点是保证了加权矩阵的正定性以及不需要求解复杂的矩阵代数Ｒｉｃｃａｔｉ方程也可确定满足指定闭环极点配置要求的状态反馈增益矩阵。     

Horizontal gas pressure and temperature distribution responses to OSB flake alignment during hot-pressing

This study examines the effect of different flake alignments and densities on horizontal heat and gas flow from the mat centre to the edges. Robot-formed 660×660 mm single layer oriented-strandboard (OSB) mats, with various flake alignment distributions, were hot-pressed at 180°C to 10 mm thickness. Fine gauge thermocouple wire and steel capillary tubes were built into the mat to monitor core temperatures and gas pressures at ten locations across the board-plane. Results confirm the existence of lateral temperature and gas pressure gradients across the mat, with its edges having lower temperatures and pressures than its interior. Flake alignment was seen to skew the lateral gradients in the alignment directions, the extent being strongly influenced by interactions with mat density and the proximity to the edge. In highly aligned mats, lower temperatures and pressures were measured along the alignment direction than perpendicular to it, thus indicating greater heat and mass transfer along the flake alignment axis. These horizontal temperature and pressure distributions have practical implications on panel uniformity and quality as mat consolidation is dependent on internal conditions during hot-pressing.     

湿纸幅成形过程中的阻力测定

通过对水以不同速度经过滤网时流动阻力的测定，确定了滤网阻力与流水速度之间的对应关系，利用这种关系，试验测定了一种白纸板的成形阻力。这种方法可用于纸浆滤水性和过滤特性的研究。 对试验数据的分析发现达西定律对薄页纸成形的适用性值得怀疑，对研究所用的试验设备也做了详细介绍。     

Experimental Investigation of Load Settlement Behavior of Coir Mat and Coir Fiber Reinforced Sand

An experimental study in terms of model footing test were performed to comparatively assess the effect of form of reinforcement, viz., mat and fiber, on the load intensity response of reinforced sand. Coir reinforcement was used in this present investigation to assess comparative performance of coir mat and coir fiber reinforced sand, as it is highly durable among all other natural materials. Model footing test were conducted by placing coir mat and coir fiber at different u/B ratios. Load deformation behavior was compared with the help of peak strain, bearing capacity ratio and settlement reduction factor. The experimental and calculated theoretical values of peak stress of coir mat reinforced sand were compared and found that both the values were in good agreement with predicted values. The results of the present experimental investigation indicated that the form of reinforcement viz., mat/grid and fibers has significant influence on load deformation behavior of reinforced sand. Coir mat when located within the failure zone intercepting the shear zone below the loaded footing is most beneficial in terms of load carrying capacity of reinforced sand, in consistent with earlier investigations. However maximum increase in bearing capacity of coir fiber reinforced sand does indicate an optimum u/B ratio of 1.0. Maximum SRF for coir mat reinforced sand corresponds to u/B = 0.6 where for coir fiber reinforced sand it corresponds to u/B = 1.0.