水性自抛光防污涂料的制备及评价

制备了特殊的水性丙烯酸锌自抛光树脂并进行了表征,对水性丙烯酸锌自抛光防污涂料的配方及防污性能进行了研究工作。试验结果表明该自抛光防污涂料防污性能良好,并且具有低VOC含量、对海洋环境友好、施工简单方便、易于维护等特点。由于基体树脂具有自抛光性能,使得防污剂在海水中的溶出速率得到控制,这样可以延长防污期效,满足防污需求。     

430不锈钢表面氟代硅烷自组装膜的缓蚀性能

为了提高430不锈钢耐氯离子腐蚀性能,以浸泡法在其表面制备了氟代硅烷自组装膜。采用动电位扫描、接触角测试、$EM研究了430不锈钢表面自组装膜固化前后的吸附行为和缓蚀作用。结果表明：吸附氟代硅烷分子后不锈钢表面由亲水性转为疏水性,自组装时间为2h的不锈钢耐蚀性能较好,固化处理能够进一步增强自组装膜的缓蚀性能。     

一种聚合物基自修复复合材料的制备与表征

针对聚合物基自修复复合材料研究中存在的问题并结合硅氢化反应及其催化剂的特点,基于埋植式自修复体系的最新进展,提出了一种新的自修复体系。该体系由分散于基体中的包覆有修复单体的微胶囊和负载有催化剂的增强粒子或纤维填料构成。体系中的催化剂选用能在常温常压下快速高效催化硅氢化反应的负载型铂基催化剂。修复剂选用兼有多个硅氢键(Siv—H)和硅乙烯键(Si—Vi)的低聚有机硅氧烷。研究了所制备的自修复单体Ⅰ和Ⅱ在Karstedt催化剂和GF—Pt催化下的聚合反应,结果表明自修复单体能顺利聚合。用SEM研究了用修复单体Ⅱ处理负载有催化剂的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的断面前后的形貌变化,结果表明修复反应可以在复合材料内部发生,修复反应发生后对界面结合有利。     

自修复涂层材料研究进展

综述了自修复涂层材料研究进展。重点介绍了几种外援型自修复涂层包括微/纳米胶囊填充型自修复涂层、微/纳米容器填充型自修复涂层以及形状记忆纤维丝/聚合物自修复涂层;同时介绍了几种本征型自修复涂层,包括紫外光引发自修复涂层、热可逆交联自修复涂层以及层层组装自修复聚合物膜涂层。对其自修复机理、涂层的制备、性能及研究进展进行了阐述;最后对自修复涂层的前景进行了展望。     

有机膦酸对镍钯金电路板封孔剂缓蚀性能的影响

为了提高镍钯金电路板(PCB-ENEPIG)表面的耐腐蚀性能,选用有机膦酸缓蚀剂羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)与氨基三亚甲基膦酸(ATMP)进行复配,以浸泡法在其表面形成自组装膜。通过电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、量子化学研究了该有机保护膜的耐腐蚀性能和缓蚀过程机理。结果表明:该复合型有机膦酸封孔剂对PCB-ENEPIG具有较好的缓蚀作用,膦酸通过P原子与金属Pd的互相作用而吸附于金属表面形成自组装膜;当HEDP浓度1.0 g/L,HEDP与ATMP质量比为2∶1复配时所配制的封孔剂耐腐蚀性能最优。     

鱼鳞胶原蛋白复合抗菌膜对罗非鱼肉的保鲜效果

目的制备具有抗菌性能的鱼鳞胶原蛋白复合膜,并研究其对鱼肉的保鲜效果。方法利用鱼鳞提取胶原蛋白,与马铃薯淀粉混合制备可食性复合膜,在膜中加入高良姜精油天然抗菌剂,考察精油对膜的成膜特性。结果精油降低了膜的抗张强度和透明度,增加了膜的断裂伸长率和水溶性,并且抗菌膜对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和黑霉菌都有较好的抑菌作用。采用含高良姜精油质量分数为1%的抗菌复合膜对罗非鱼肉进行冷藏保鲜,抗菌膜包覆的鱼肉在第8天的TVB-N值为146.7mg/kg,为二级鲜度可食用,而包覆的对照组在第6天时TVB-N值为267.8 mg/kg,已不可食用。相比对照组,抗菌膜包覆的鱼肉TBA、菌落总数、p H值均处于较低的水平。结论抗菌复合膜能抑制鱼肉脂肪氧化腐败和微生物生长,延长鱼肉冷藏的货架期。     

AA6063稀土铈-锰无铬转化膜的自修复性能研究

以硝酸铈为成膜主盐,高锰酸钾为氧化剂,对AA6063进行表面无铬转化处理;经过处理后的铝合金表面呈金黄色,膜层均匀,耐腐蚀性能良好。应用电化学工作站的开路电压和电化学极化曲线对铝试样、铈-锰转化膜试样及打磨破坏后的铈-锰转化膜试样进行研究,发现铝合金表面铈-锰转化膜被破坏后具有自修复性能。     

微孔壳聚糖保鲜膜的制备及保鲜效果研究

以壳聚糖为基材,采用不同成孔方式制备壳聚糖微孔膜,并将其应用于圣女果保鲜中。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、光学显微镜等表征技术对膜的微观结构进行了研究,同时对膜的性能和保鲜效果进行了评定。研究结果表明：在壳聚糖中添加致孔剂纳米氧化锌、聚乙二醇或者通入氮气,均能获得性能较好的微孔膜;其中纳米氧化锌质量分数为4%、经水洗处理的微孔膜其氧气透过系数为37.90×10-15 cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa)接近市场PE保鲜膜透气系数;其对圣女果保鲜效果优于市场PE保鲜膜,相较于空白组其保鲜期延长了6 d。     

可降解壳聚糖-琼脂糖食品包装膜的制备与性能

目的 制备一种新型壳聚糖-琼脂糖复合可降解食品包装膜,测试力学、自愈合、保鲜性能,探寻综合性能最好的复合薄膜.方法 用壳聚糖、琼脂糖混合溶液制备食品包装膜,通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪等表征手段对包装膜的结构进行分析,通过万能拉力测试机、紫外分光光度计、接触角仪、保鲜实验对包装膜进行力学、光学、保鲜性能测试.结果 表明壳聚糖和琼脂糖相互作用形成氢键,通过氢键自组装有效改善了复合膜的相容性;所制备的可降解食品包装膜透明度高达90％,断裂强度为69.1 MPa,并且复合膜表现出一定的自愈合功能;保鲜效果良好,在室温19℃条件下贮存草莓长达10 d,有效延长了其货架期.当混合溶液体系中壳聚糖与琼脂糖的质量比为1:1时,复合薄膜的综合性能最好.结论 该新型可降解食品包装膜,安全有效、力学性能好、保鲜鲜果优异,在食品包装方面具有良好的应用前景.     

PE/CaCO3保鲜膜研制及其在小油菜保鲜中的应用

以LDPE和LLDPE(80/20)为基材,选择CaCO3为无机填充剂,研制PE/CaCO3功能性保鲜膜.测试该功能性保鲜膜的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、透光率、雾度、热封强度、摩擦性能以及透气和透湿性能.并利用该保鲜膜对小油菜进行保鲜包装,通过测定包装内的O2、CO2含量,小油菜的折光率、失重率,并目测每天小油菜的外观变化,考察该保鲜膜对小油菜保鲜的影响,结果表明:Ca-40保鲜膜对小油菜的保鲜效果较好.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from