酸乳货架期内理化特性的研究

研究了两种典型酸乳在货架期内pH值、黏度、滴定酸度和氨基酸态氮质量浓度等理化特性的变化规律.结果表明,酸乳在货架期冷藏中存在着后发酵过程,导致酸乳的pH值降低,滴定酸度上升;黏度在初期上升,在后期随pH值降低有所下降;酸乳冷藏过程中氨基酸态氮质量浓度的变化与黏度变化的趋势是一致的,说明在货架期内乳酸菌仍然进行生命代谢活动,酸乳凝乳的稳定与氨基酸态氮质量浓度有关.     

乳酸菌活菌数对酸乳理化特性的影响

研究了酸乳发酵过程中乳酸菌数量变化的规律,并进一步研究酸乳发酵过程中乳酸菌数量变化与pH值、黏度、滴定酸度和氨基酸态氮含量等理化特性的相互影响。结果表明,在酸乳发酵过程中,酸乳中乳酸菌活菌数与酸乳的理化特性有交互影响;酸乳的pH值、黏度、氨基酸态含量等理化特性的变化趋势与乳酸菌活菌数的变化趋势是一致的。     

柳松菇抽提物对乳酸菌发酵性状的影响

将柳松菇抽提物添加到脱脂乳中，以嗜热链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌为发酵剂制成发酵乳，考察柳松菇抽提物对发酵乳的凝乳时间、凝乳效果、在发酵及贮存过程中乳酸菌的生长、滴定酸度、pH值、黏度及感官性状等的影响。结果表明，5％的添加量能明显促进乳酸菌在乳中的生长，提高产酸速率，缩短凝乳时间，增强凝乳效果，改善发酵乳品质。     

西藏奶拉及牦牛奶中优良乳酸菌的筛选

以德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus)6047为对照菌株，采用分离自西藏牧民自制奶拉及牦牛奶中的2株德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii)DB-3和JD-2发酵制备酸乳，通过测定酸乳的发酵时间以及发酵结束、4℃后熟24 h及冷藏7 d、14 d、21 d时的p H值、滴定酸度、脱水收缩性、黏度和游离氨基酸态氮含量筛选出具有优良发酵特性的菌株。结果表明，菌株DB-3的发酵特性较好，凝乳时间较短，仅需8.44 h，发酵终点、后熟24 h及冷藏21 d时pH值分别为4.51、4.35、4.06，滴定酸度分别为71.95°T、74.23°T、88.68°T，黏度分别为943 m Pa·s、1 054 m Pa·s、1 522 m Pa·s，脱水收缩性分别为32.43%、32.91%、35.81%，游离氨基酸态氮含量分别为5.27 mmol/L、5.46 mmol/L、6.24 mmol/L，说明菌株DB-3符合工业化生产需求，具有较好的产酸、产黏、持水性能及蛋白水解能力，作为酸乳发酵剂具有潜在...     

酪蛋白磷酸肽-钙络合物对酸乳发酵特性及微观结构的影响

本文旨在探究酪蛋白磷酸肽-钙络合物(CPP-Ca)对酸乳发酵特性和微观结构的影响。研究不同添加量CPP-Ca络合物对酸乳发酵过程中pH值、滴定酸度、乳酸菌数以及酸乳微观结构和乳清析出率的影响。结果表明,CPP-Ca络合物的添加可以降低酸乳发酵过程中的pH值,提高滴定酸度;对酸乳发酵过程中的乳酸菌总数没有显著影响;增大酸乳蛋白网络孔径,提高凝胶结构的连续性和均一性,降低酸乳乳清析出率。     

芦荟对嗜酸乳杆菌酸乳发酵性能的影响

选择嗜酸乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌为发酵菌种 ,研究芦荟全叶汁对酸乳发酵过程中的滴定酸度、pH值、黏度及感官性状等的影响。试验发现 ,芦荟的添加对嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的生长影响不大 ,但影响酸乳的凝固性、pH值、黏度 ,进而影响品质等。试验结果表明 ,当芦荟添加量为 10 %左右时 ,成熟后的酸乳中La可达 10 9,产品的品质最佳。     

凤尾菇酸奶的发酵特性研究

研究了凤尾菇酸奶在发酵及贮藏过程中的pH值、滴定酸度、乳酸含量、丁二酮含量和乳酸菌总数的变化。结果表明,添加了凤尾菇汁的酸奶凝乳时间较短,凝乳效果好,滴定酸度增加的速度较快,且添加菇汁量越多,凝乳时间越短,滴定酸度增加越快;发酵过程中,添加凤尾菇汁的酸奶的乳酸及丁二酮增加的速度大于未添加菇汁者,最终乳酸的含量趋于一致,而丁二酮的含量则是菇汁添加量越大,发酵结束时的丁二酮含量也越高;添加菇汁的酸奶在贮藏过程中,滴定酸度增加比较缓慢,乳酸菌总数下降较少,说明菇汁的添加不仅促进了乳酸菌的生长,而且在一定程度上抑制了酸奶的后酸化。     

酸奶冻干发酵剂制备中保加利亚乳杆菌不同菌株特性的研究

研究了不同来源的7株保加利亚乳杆菌在乳中的生长与发酵特性、后酸化活性以及抗冷冻干燥特性。结果表明,7菌株在乳中42℃发酵,L.b-S1和L.b-DR凝乳时间最短,为3 h,凝乳后的活菌数、pH值、滴定酸度均无显著差别,活菌数均达1×108 mL-1以上,pH值均达4.5～5.0,滴定酸度均达90～100°T;7菌株在发酵后的酸乳中冷藏期间,L.b-S1和L.b-DR的后酸化活性最低,4℃冷藏21 d,酸度上浮不足10°T,pH值下降0.2～0.4,活菌数下降1个log数量级左右;7菌株在以脱脂乳为保护剂的冷冻干燥试验中,L.b-S1抗冻干性最强,其次为L.b-DR,其冻干存活率分别达31.46%和20.39%。     

嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌发酵乳的流变特性研究

以两株嗜酸乳杆菌(KLDS AD1、KLDS AD2)和3株双歧杆菌(长双歧杆菌KLDS 2.0001、婴儿双歧杆菌KLDS 2.0002和KLDS 2.0604)分别发酵的酸乳为研究对象,测定其pH值、滴定酸度、质构及流变学特性。pH值和滴定酸度测定结果表明嗜酸乳杆菌产酸能力强于双歧杆菌。质构测定结果表明嗜酸乳杆菌发酵的酸奶质地较为结实。5种酸乳的剪切力升速和降速曲线都能形成触变环,触变环的面积大小为KLDS 2.0604＞KLDS 2.0001＞KLDS AD2＞KLDS 2.0002＞KLDS AD1,即婴儿双歧杆菌KLDS 2.0604在剪切力破坏下其组织状态的恢复力最差,很难恢复到起始状态。表观黏度曲线在下降时只有婴儿双歧杆菌KLDS 2.0002没有出现突增现象,其弹性最差。综合得出嗜酸乳杆菌KLDS AD2发酵乳的组织状态、黏弹性最好。     

酸乳发酵凝乳过程中的理化性质和生物活性

全脂牛奶在室温发酵制作酸乳过程中 ,其酸度随着发酵时间的延续和微生物添加量的增加而上升 ,pH值则逐渐降低 ;而酸乳粘度则随着发酵时间的延续上升达到最高点开始下降 .当微生物添加量为 4 %～ 5% ,发酵 1 2h时 ,酸乳凝乳良好 ,口感适宜 ,活性乳酸菌总数达到 1 0 7数量级 .     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the