氯化石蜡－70的实验研究

以石蜡、氯气为主要原料，经预氯化、深度氯化、水洗、脱溶剂、蒸馏、粉碎等工序合成氯化石蜡－７０。经实验确定了最佳工艺条件：氯化温度为５５℃，溶剂ＣＣｌ－４：预氯化物＝３：１～４：１，深度氯化氯气流量为０．１５～０．２０１／ｈ。ＣＣｌ＿４可循环使用。产品质量达到同类产品先进水平。经用户实际应用，效果良好。     

氯化棉油酸甲酯的研究

棉油酸经氯化－酯化－蒸馏制得氯化棉油酸甲酯。采用正交实验法筛选出了此工艺的最佳工艺条件。棉油酸氯化最佳工艺条件：反应时间为３．５ｈ，催化剂用量为棉油酸重量的０．３％，反应温度为７０℃，通氯量（氯气与棉油酸的摩尔比）为２０：１。氯化棉油酸甲酯化最佳工艺条件：反应温度为１８０℃，催化剂用量为氯化棉油酸质量的２％，甲醉：氯化棉油酸＝１：２．０（ｍｏｌ），反应时间为４ｈ。在此条件下进行平行试验，精酯收率均在８０％以上。     

水相合成氯蜡-70新工艺

介绍了一种以水为介质合成氯蜡－７０的新工艺。考察了乳化剂类别,乳化剂用量及反应温度对氯化反应的影响,结果表明本工艺是合成氯蜡－７０的好方法。     

2,4—二氯氟苯合成的工艺改进

介绍了以２，４－二硝基氯苯为原料合成ＤＣＦＢ的工艺改进，采用了混合溶剂氟化，反应精馏氯化，使得该工艺安全可靠，质量，总收率得到明显提高。     

溶剂法合成月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯

探讨了采用溶剂法,以工业品月桂醇醚为原料,制备其聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的原理,方法及工艺条件,结果表明,最佳工艺条件为,酯化：ＣＣｌ４与Ｐ２Ｏ５之比为３（ｍＬ）：１（ｇ）,反应时间３ｈ,温度为６５℃－７０℃,水解：水量２％－５％,时间２ｈ,温度７０℃－７５℃。     

炭黑的氯化改性

采用气－固相搅拌式氯化法对炭黑进行氯化改性,并利用二元回归分析法研究了氯化炭黑中氯质量分数与反应温度、时间和氯气流量的关系。结果表明,氯化反应条件为：温度 １３０℃,时间１．５～２ｈ,氯气流量５５４ｍＬ．ｍｉｎ＾－１时反应效果较好;氯化炭黑后处理的方法可采用充氮气法替代水洗处理法;扫描电镜照片表明,氯休徨的炭黑,其聚集结果有所变化,但链状结构没有被破坏。     

2—氯代苯骈噻唑的合成方法研究

研究了以２－巯基苯骈噻唑为原料,采用氯甲酸三氯甲酯为氯化剂合成２－氯代苯骈噻唑的方法,重点考察了不同溶剂和反应温度对合成反应的影响,为２－氯代苯骈噻唑的合成提供了一种新的方法。     

氯化炭黑的研制

本文研究氯化的反应温度,反应时间、氯气的流量与氯化炭黑氯含量的关系,得出了适宜的反应条件,反应温度１３０℃,反应时间１．５￣２小时,氯气的流量８ｃｍＨ２Ｏ柱。并对氯化反应后处理的方法作了比较。     

甲苯非催化氯化制备邻氯甲苯

通过甲苯的非催化环氯化方法,可以明显提高产物中邻氯甲苯质量含量。合适的反应条件为：温度 ３０３ Ｋ,通氯速率４．６×１０－ ２ ｓ－ １ ,溶剂与甲苯的体积比为２。与传统的 Ｆｅ Ｃｌ３ 催化氯化相比,邻氯甲苯与对氯甲苯质量比从１．１提高到２．３６,本流程中使用自产盐酸作氯化溶剂,氯化液分离容易,省去了水洗,没有废水排放,避免了精馏设备腐蚀。     

氯蜡—70工艺技术改进试验

论述了溶剂法氯蜡－７０工艺技术改进。重点考察了蒸馏过程中温度、真空度等的影响,并进行了优化研究。实验结果表明,新工艺简化了原工艺,缩短了生产周期,产品质量好（其中四氯化碳含量可降至０．２％以下）,能满足出口要求。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。