基于偏振度的差分群时延检测的理论分析

文章从理论上分析了信号偏振度(DOP)和各阶偏振模色散(PMD)、光脉冲宽度的关系,当DOP用于差分群时延(DGD)检测并作为PMD补偿的控制信号时,必须综合考虑这些因素;说明了DGD、一阶和二阶PMD对最大和最小DOP的影响,以及光脉冲宽度对DOP检测范围的影响。     

40Gb／s光通信系统中光域偏振模色散补偿的实验研究

在40Gb/s归零码(RZ)大Polarization Mode Dispersion(PMD)光通信系统中，采用两级四自由度光域PMD(偏振模色散)补偿器，以信号的DOP(偏振度)为反馈信号，利用自适应优化算法，实现了一阶及高阶PMD动态自适应补偿．最大一阶PMD补偿能力为35ps，二阶PMD补偿能力为200ps^2，PMD动态自适应补偿器的优化补偿时间小于10ms．     

可补偿二阶偏振模色散的两级自适应补偿器研究

研制了对于10Gbit／s非归零码(NRZ)和归零码(RZ)光纤通信系统的二阶偏振模色散(PMD)自适应补偿实验系统。实验中运用光纤链路中的偏振度(DOP)作为反馈控制信号，采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)作为偏振模色散自适应补偿的搜索和跟踪控制算法，粒子群优化作为补偿搜索算法具有收敛速度快、抗噪声和避免陷入局部极值的优点；作为跟踪算法可以快速跟踪偏振模色散的随机变化。实验证明，该补偿系统可以同时补偿一阶和二阶偏振模色散。不论对于非归零码还是归零码，补偿后眼图恢复很好。补偿搜索时间为几百毫秒。跟踪系统对于链路中突发的偏振模色散变化的响应恢复时间小于20ms，实现了准实时的一阶和二阶偏振模色散自适应补偿与跟踪。     

粒子群优化算法在PMD自适应补偿中的应用

本实验采取基于偏振度(DOP)的PMD监测技术,使用粒子群优化算法(PSO)为逻辑控制算法,控制二级偏振模散补偿器的可变时延线来实现二阶偏振模散(PMD)自适应补偿,取得了良好效果.实验表明相对于固定可变时延线的偏振模散自适应补偿,精度较高,而所用时间稍长.     

粒子群优化算法在PMD自适应补偿中的应用

本实验采取基于偏振度(DOP)的PMD监测技术，使用粒子群优化算法(PSO)为逻辑控制算法，控制二级偏振模散补偿器的可变时延线来实现二阶偏振模散(PMD)自适应补偿，取得了良好效果。实验表明相对于固定可变时延线的偏振模散自适应补偿，精度较高，而所用时间稍长。     

新型调制格式在PMD补偿技术中的应用

文章通过仿真得到了非归零(NRZ)码、载波归零(CSRZ)码、NRZ-差分相移键控(DPSK)和CSRZ-DPSK信号在偏振模色散(PMD)补偿前后的偏振度(DOP)值和剩余差分群时延(DGD)值.结果表明,与二进制强度调制(OOK)格式相比,DPSK补偿后的DOP值更多地分布在接近1的范围,剩余DGD值也较小,其中CSRZ-DPSK补偿效果最好,是实现PMD缓解与补偿动态结合的首选调制格式.     

WDM光纤通信系统中PMD自动补偿的研究

文章提出采用粒子群优化算法,提取信号的偏振度(DOP)作为反馈信号来补偿多信道光纤通信系统中的偏振模色散(PMD).作为例子,对两信道的波分复用(WDM)系统中的PMD进行了自动补偿,并进行了数值模拟,得到了两个信道补偿前后的DOP以及眼图变化情况.模拟结果表明这种算法对补偿多个信道的PMD是有效的.     

40 Gb/s CSRZ码系统下的自适应PMD补偿实验

在采用了新型光纤的40Gb／s系统中，通常只有很小的一阶偏振模色散（PMD）。本文在40Gb/s的国家自然科学基金网（NSFCNET）上，搭建了由电控偏振控制器（PC）、保偏光纤（PMF）、信号光偏振度（DOP）检测单元以及反馈控制单元组成的PMD补偿模块，具有结构简单、反应灵敏的特点，可以对小于20ps的一阶PMD进行自适应的补偿，平均搜索时间为2ms。     

光纤偏振模色散的两级自适应补偿器

成功地研制了对于10Gbit／sNRZ码和RZ码光纤通信系统的两级偏振模色散自适应补偿实验系统。实验中运用光纤链路中偏振度(DOP)作为反馈控制信号，采用名为PSO(Parti—cleSwarmOptimization)的优化方法作为偏振模色散的搜索和跟踪控制算法。实验证明，该补偿系统可以同时补偿一阶和二阶偏振模色散，补偿搜索时间为几百毫秒，跟踪系统对于链路中突发的偏振模色散变化的响应恢复时间小于20毫秒，实现了准实时的一阶和二阶偏振模色散自适应补偿与跟踪。     

基于LNAFSA算法的WDM系统PMD自适应补偿

提出了一种可应用于波分复用(WDM)系统的偏振摸色散(PMD)自适应补偿方案.该方案以偏振度(DOP)为反馈信号,采用局部邻域结构的人工鱼群算法(LNAFSA)为控制算法,对低于设定阈值的一个或多个信道同时进行PMD自适应补偿.补偿后各补偿信道的DOP均大于0.96,眼图张开度明显增大,系统性能得到了改善.     

Effect of PDL on the DOP feedback signal in PMD compensation

The impact of polarization dependence loss (PDL) on the degree of polarization (DOP) feedback signal in polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation is analyzed. PDL affects DOP only in the presence of PMD, and in the presence of PMD and PDL, DOP relates not only to both PMD and PDL vectors but also to the principal states of polarization (SOPs) components of the output signal; on the other hand, it adds new frequency dependence and is no longer independent of system bit rate. The PDL minimum endangering PMD compensation is determined by the step size of the PMD compensating algorithm and the differential group delay (DGD) value in optical fiber systems. DOP could no longer act as the feedback signal in PMD compensation unless the PDL in the fiber system has been effectively eliminated before PMD compensation.     

An experiment of automatic PMD compensation in 40-Gb/s RZ optical communication system

An experiment of adaptive polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation for 40-Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) optical communication system is reported. In the experiment, degree of polarization (DOP) is used as feedback signal and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is adopted as logic control algorithm.The compensation time is about 200 ms, the compensated differential group delay (DGD) is up to 30 ps,and bit error rate (BER) of 10-9 is reached when PMD compensation is employed.     

不同调制码型的偏振模色散补偿研究

在40Gb/s的光纤通信系统中,用三段模拟器模拟光纤传输中的一阶与二阶偏振模色散(PMD),采用单偏振态的偏振度(DOP)作为多级PMD补偿器的反馈信号,对归零(RZ)码、非归零(NRZ)码、载波抑制归零(CSRZ)码和啁啾归零(CRZ)码分别进行四个自由度的一级、六个自由度的二级和十个自由度的三级PMD补偿器的补偿.仿真得到了四种码型的DOP与误码率(BER)的关系,同时补偿后的BER、DOP和PMD的变化关系表明,对RZ和NRZ码采用二级补偿器的效果比一级和三级补偿器要好得多,对CSRZ码和CRZ码采用单偏振态的DOP作为反馈信号进行PMD补偿的效果并不理想.     

Analysis of Degree of Polarization as a Control Signal in PMD Compensation Systems Aided by Polarization Scrambling

The performance of degree of polarization (DOP) is investigated as a control signal in polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation systems aided by polarization scrambling. The relation between the input and output polarization states of a signal propagating through a polarization scrambler and a PMD-induced optical fiber is described by a 3 $,times,$3 Stokes transfer matrix. The average DOP of the output signal over a period of polarization scrambling is derived as an alternative to the conventional DOP-based control signal, i.e., minimum DOP. In the presence of first- and all-order PMDs, the performance of the average and minimum DOPs in monitoring of differential group delay (DGD) for different data formats (i.e., RZ and NRZ) is evaluated. The performance of the two control signals are further investigated by calculating the outage probability of a feedforward first-order PMD compensation system. The results show that the average DOP outperforms the minimum DOP and also gives a wider DGD monitoring range.      

Comparison of different feedback signals used in one stage PMD compensators for different modulation formats

As PMD compensation has become a very intense subject of research in recent years, the achievement of simple PMD compensators based on a feedback signal is a key issue. As PMD compensation uses a feedback indicator for system performance evaluation, such feedback signals must reproduce the DGD variations with time. In this paper, the correlation between DGD and different feedback signals is studied with a new method. This method is applied for various modulation schemes, leading to well-known results. By applying the method to the electrical and optical duobinary formats, it is shown that for duobinary signals, the DOP feedback signal shows the best correlation with instantaneous DGD value. Such a behavior of duobinary format is very interesting since duobinary modulation schemes are now considered for systems upgrades or mixed architectures (10 Gbit/s-40 Gbit/s on the same link). In such systems, PMD compensation has to be bit-rate independent which is available with the DOP as feedback indicator.     

Degree-of-polarization-based PMD monitoring for subcarrier-multiplexed signals via equalized carrier/sideband filtering

We demonstrate a method for differential-group-delay (DGD) and polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) monitoring using the degree-of-polarization (DOP) in subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) systems. Traditional SCM signal show very little DOP sensitivity to DGD/PMD due to the low modulation depth used for generating SCM signals. We use a narrow-band optical filter to equalize the power of the carrier and one of the sidebands by offsetting the filter from the carrier, enabling PMD and DGD monitoring and more than tripling the DOP sensitivity to DGD/PMD. Our technique is simple, uses only a single optical filter, and can be applied to both single- and double-sideband (SSB and DSB) SCM signals as well as single and multisubcarrier systems. Additionally, we show that our monitoring technique is robust to the chromatic dispersion-induced radio-frequency (RF) power fading effect seen in DSB SCM signals. Using this technique to enhance the DOP sensitivity to DGD/PMD and generate a feedback signal to a PMD compensator (PMDC), we obtain an 11-dB improvement in the 5% RF power tail.     

Analysis of signal degree of polarization degradation induced by polarization-mode dispersion in optical fibers

We study analytically and numerically optical signal degree of polarization (DOP) degradation induced by polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fiber transmissions, using the Eyal-Marshall-Tur-Yariv (EMTY) model and Monte Carlo simulations. The results show the inaccuracy of second-order PMD approximation in the EMTY model and the inapplicability of employing DOP as feedback signal for high-order PMD compensation.     

Analysis of signal degree of polarization degradation used ascontrol signal for optical polarization mode dispersioncompensation

The basic property of degree of polarization (DOP) degradation of optical signal induced by polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in high-speed optical fiber transmission is investigated in detail. The DOP of the optical signal reflects the degree of waveform degradation caused by PMD, therefore, it is proposed to be used as the control signal judging the best compensation point for the optical adaptive PMD compensation techniques. However, the signal DOP is not only affected by PMD, but also by various factors, such as the modulation format, modulator chirp, fiber nonlinearity, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and so on. We use numerical simulations and experiments to explore the basic DOP property to detect PMD with these factors. We also show that using the signal DOP as control signal is especially useful for the optical duo-binary modulation because of its high sensitivity and wide PMD detection range