辐射诱导增强p53重组腺病毒转染对人结直肠癌细胞的抑制

探讨了辐射诱导对p53重组腺病毒载体转染p53突变型结直肠癌细胞(HT-29细胞系)的影响.以复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体(AdCMV-GFP)为对照,用复制缺陷型p53重组腺病毒载体(AdCMV-p53)转染经0.5、1.0、2.0 Gy γ射线照射的HT-29细胞,用流式细胞分析法检测细胞凋亡和p53蛋白表达,并用克隆形成法测定细胞增殖能力.结果表明,0.5 Gy辐射诱导明显提高了AdCMV-p53转染对HT-29细胞的抑制,促进细胞凋亡.0.5Gy辐射诱导对AdCMV-p53转染HT-29细胞的抑制杀伤的增强作用最强,0.5 Gy辐射诱导及40 MOI和80 MOIAdCMV-p53转染对肿瘤的抑制率比同等剂量下单纯转染组分别提高约50%和20%,比0.5 Gy单纯辐照组提高40%.因此,0.5 Gy辐射诱导可有效增加低于80 MOI AdCMV-p53转染对HT-29细胞的抑制作用.辐射诱导AdCMV-p53转染HT-29细胞以最大辐射剂量不超过1.0 Gy及AdCMV-p53转染量低于80MOI为宜.     

乏氧条件下X射线诱导神经胶质母细胞瘤T98G细胞的旁效应

采用条件培养基和共培养处理方式,应用微核形成试验研究人神经胶质母细胞瘤 T98G 细胞,在乏氧条件下经 X 射线诱导的旁效应及其发生机制.研究发现,乏氧条件下,X 射线诱导未照射组细胞的微核率与相应的照射剂量之间存在显著的正相关关系;条件培养基方式下自由基抑制剂二甲基亚砜相似文献   

125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞的旁效应

观察125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞损伤的旁效应.选择对高剂量率外照射敏感性不同的A549人肺腺癌细胞和NCI-H446人小细胞肺癌细胞,采用125I籽源离体照射细胞模式,将直接受照细胞与未受照细胞共培养24h,应用CB微核法和γH2AX荧光免疫分析法,检测2Gy和4Gy125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞的微核形成和DNA双链断裂水平.结果表明,125I籽源照射能显著诱导A549和NCI-H446细胞的微核形成率和γH2AX位点形成率增加的旁效应,显示增强对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用.旁效应强弱与累积照射剂量、肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性相关:对高剂量率外照射敏感的NCI-H446细胞对低剂量率照射及其旁效应的敏感性高于A549细胞,但与直接辐射效应相比,125I籽源照射诱导A549细胞旁效应高于NCI-H446细胞,这两种细胞的辐射旁效应均随累积照射剂量增加而降低,提示介导旁效应的信号因子水平可能随细胞损伤程度的增加而下降.     

辐射基因治疗黑色素瘤的实验研究

研究低剂量辐射结合腺病毒(AdCMV)载体介导的p53基因转导对人黑色素瘤A375细胞系基因转移效率和辐射敏感性的影响.用复制缺陷的重组腺病毒载体(AdCMV-p53)介导入p53基因转染1 Gy X-射线预辐照的A375细胞系,RT-PCR检测mRNA水平,流式细胞仪测定细胞周期阻滞及外源性P53蛋白表达情况,克隆形成率测定辐射后细胞存活率.用携带报道基因的复制缺陷重组腺病毒载体AdCMV-GFP作为对照.实验结果表明,1 Gy X-射线辐照可较高地增加AdCMV-p53对A375细胞的基因转导效率,转导的外源性野生型p53可在A375(wtp53)细胞中高效表达,并诱导细胞周期G1期阻滞;单纯转导p53对A375细胞无明显诱导凋亡和生长抑制效应;而转导p53后给予X-射线辐射,当剂量达到4 Gy及其以上时,48h后AdCMV-p53感染组细胞开始出现明显形态改变,克隆存活率明显低于AdCMV-GFP感染组和未感染组,显示存活曲线下移,4Gy时细胞存活率就减少了1个量级.小剂量辐射既可有效增加AdCMV-p53介导的p53转导,又不会对患者产生明显副作用;转导野生型p53的人黑色素瘤A375细胞系显示P53过表达;过表达的P53蛋白虽然对A375细胞无明显生长抑制及凋亡诱导作用,但可明显增加其辐射敏感性.这表明p53是基因治疗黑色素瘤较好的侯选基因,也为临床上放疗联合基因治疗黑色素瘤提供了实验室依据,即减轻临床上对于辐射敏感性差的肿瘤单纯大剂量照射或单纯基因疗法中rAd-p53制品用量过大而给病人造成的毒副作用.     

p53基因状态对人卵巢癌细胞辐射敏感性的影响

本研究应用PCR-SSCP银染法检测3株人卵巢癌细胞p53基因的存在状态,以四甲基偶唑蓝（MTT）染色法和流式细胞术（FCM）比较不同p53基因状态的肿瘤细胞在1～10Gy^60Coγ射线照射后的体外生长及凋亡率。结果显示,p53野生型的A2780细胞^60Coγ射线照射后发生明显的生长抑制和凋亡,而p53基因突变型的A2780-CP细胞和缺失型的SKOV3细胞则呈现较强的辐射抗性。本研究结果说明,人卵巢癌细胞的p53基因状态直接影响其对γ射线照射的敏感性。     

H1299旁效应细胞对X-射线辐射的适应性与TGF-β1通路相关

本研究探索辐射诱导人非小细胞肺癌H1299旁效应细胞的适应性反应及TGF-β1通路在其中的作用。采用培养液转移法得到辐射诱导的旁效应细胞,用克隆形成实验检测旁效应细胞受照射后的适应性反应,用Western Blotting检测旁效应细胞中SOD2的表达变化。结果发现:用条件培养液培养H1299旁效应细胞,并不影响细胞的克隆存活率;但是细胞经1 h和18 h未照射条件培养液培养后再接受2Gy的X-射线照射,其细胞存活率较培养于新鲜培养液的细胞受照后的存活率分别增加了12%和38%,经1 h和18 h照射条件培养液培养后的细胞再接受2Gy的X-射线照射,其细胞存活力在此基础上又分别增加了10%;当在照前用TGF-βR1抑制剂SB431542处理信号细胞后,旁效应细胞的适应性反应不再发生;而将SB431542直接加入条件培养液中,并未影响1 h条件培养液诱导的适应性,但是用含有SB431542的18 h未照射和照射条件培养液培养过的旁效应细胞经2 Gy照射后,其克隆存活率较未加SB431542组分别降低了28%和18%,18 h未照射和照射条件培养液组间差异却增大至24%;旁效应细胞经照射条件培养液培养3 h或5 h后其SOD2表达下降。以上结果表明经条件培养液培养后旁效应细胞对X-射线照射产生了适应性反应,照射条件培养液与未照射条件培养液相比,进一步增加了这种适应性,并且TGF-β1信号通路对该适应性有重要调控作用,而SOD2可能未参与这个过程。     

DNA损伤修复能力对辐射适应性反应的影响

采用野生型的中国仓鼠卵母细胞(CHO-9)及其DNA损伤修复缺陷型细胞:EM-C11(DNA单链断裂修复缺陷)和XR-C1(DNA双链断裂修复缺陷),首先进行低剂量(0.016 Gy或0.08 Gy)的初始照射,间隔4 h或7 h后再进行高剂量(1 Gy)的攻击照射,然后检测细胞微核形成率和克隆形成率的变化.结果显示:当初始剂量为0.08 Gy,间隔4 h后再施以1 Gy的攻击照射时,三株细胞只有野生型的CHO-9有辐射适应性反应产生;但当间隔时间延长到7 h时,CHO-9和EM-C11均产生了辐射适应性反应.当把初始照射剂量降低为0.016 Gy,间隔4 h再施以1 Gy的攻击照射时,三株细胞均产生了辐射适应性反应.表明辐射适应性反应不仅与初始照射剂量及间隔时间有关,还与DNA损伤修复密切相关.     

辐射诱导p53腺病毒重组体转染对结直肠癌细胞周期的影响

以复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体（AdCMV-GFP）为对照,用复制缺陷型p53重组腺病毒载体（AdCMV-p53）转染经0．5、1．0、2．0Gyγ射线照射的HT-29细胞,克隆形成法检测对细胞的抑制作用,流式细胞分析法检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,探讨辐射诱导对AdCMV-p53转染p53突变型结直肠癌细胞（HT-29细胞系）细胞周期的影响。结果显示,0．5—1．0Gy辐射诱导明显增强40MOIAdCMV-p53转染对HT-29细胞的抑制。与AdCMV-p53转染对照相比,1d后,辐射诱导转染组G0／G1期细胞减少5％-15％,s期细胞增加2％-19％,2．0Gy辐射诱导80MOI AdCMV-p53转染组G2／M期细胞增加12％;3d后,0．5、1．0Gy辐射诱导40MOI AdCMV-p53转染组G2／M期细胞分别增加10%-13％。辐射诱导AdCMV-p53转染组细胞凋亡与辐射诱导剂量和AdCMV-p53转染剂量相关。以上结果表明,辐射诱导加速AdCMV-p53转染细胞由Go／G1期到S期的进程,促进S期阻滞和G2／M期阻滞发生。     

一氧化氮在亚细胞结构精确照射诱导旁效应中的作用

研究了肿瘤细胞的亚结构在荷能离子照射下所诱导的旁效应及其信号分子.以氦离子微束装置所产生的精确数量离子定位照射神经胶质瘤细胞T98G细胞核或细胞质,检测细胞染色体损伤和胞内一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)自由基的产额,探索NO清除剂对它们的影响,并以(Diethylamine nitric oxide,DEANO)研究NO的细胞效应.结果表明,无论是细胞核照射还是细胞质照射,只要1个细胞受到1个离子的照射,就可通过损伤的级联放大形成辐射旁效应,引起周围数十个细胞的损伤.对比核、质照射的生物效应,细胞核照射比细胞质照射具有更加显著的直接作用,但这两种照射所诱导的旁效应程度却相当.而NO自由基清除剂c-PTIO(2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide)可抑制旁效应的产生.NO分子探针DAF-FM(4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate)原位检测表明,即使只有1%的细胞核或细胞质受到单离子照射,具有NO阴性表达的细胞百分数增加了30%,使NO引起的细胞荧光密度增加15%.DEANO实验表明,NO可引起细胞微核的产生.因此,NO是亚细胞结构照射引起旁效应的一个重要信号因子.     

G2期早熟染色体凝集技术预测肝癌细胞低LET射线辐射敏感性

用^60Co产生的γ射线照射人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721.以克隆形成法测定经照射后的细胞存活率,用化学诱导剂Calyculin-A诱导的早熟染色体凝集（Premature chromosome condensation,PCC）技术研究染色体损伤.结果显示G2期细胞内的染色单体和等点染色单体断裂数与照射剂量之间存在着线性相关性,染色单体断裂数与细胞存活率之间存在较好的线性相关性.表明辐射诱导的染色单体断裂可以作为预测SMMC-7721细胞内在辐射敏感性的指标,也可为临床诊断和治疗肝癌提供依据.     

不同LET辐射对HepG2肝癌细胞的辐射敏感性与周期阻滞的影响

本工作研究不同LET射线辐照对HepG2肝癌细胞辐射敏感性、周期进程和凋亡的影响,为重离子治疗癌症的临床应用积累基础数据.以0、0.5、1、2、4、8Gy剂量的12C6 离子及X射线分别照射处于指数生长期的HepG2细胞,用克隆形成率测定细胞辐射敏感性,通过流式细胞术测定细胞DNA含量以确定各时相细胞的比例及细胞凋亡情况.实验结果显示,12C6 离子辐照所致的HepG2细胞存活率明显低于X射线.随着吸收剂量的增加和修复时间的延长,12C6 离子能导致更显著的细胞S期阻滞、G2/M期阻滞延迟和细胞凋亡.说明与X射线相比,12C6 离子辐照能更有效地杀伤HepG2肝癌细胞并诱导其凋亡.     

辐射联合p53腺病毒重组体转染对肿瘤细胞的影响

以绿色荧光蛋白腺病毒重组体(Replication deficient adenovirus green fluorescence protein recombinant,AdCMV-GFP)为对照,用p53腺病毒重组体(Replication deficient adenovirus p53 recombinant,AdCMV-p53)转染经0、0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0Gy γ射线预辐射的HepG2(wtp53)、Hela(wtp53,wtP53低水平表达)和HT-29(mtp53,mtP53过表达)细胞,用克隆形成法检测肿瘤细胞存活,探讨AdCMV-p53转染对p53基因状态与功能不同肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性的影响.结果显示,AdCMV-p53转染不仅明显提高肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性,而且与肿瘤细胞内在p53基因状态与功能有关.     

~(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖影响HepG2肝癌细胞增殖的初步研究

为研究18F-FDG对HepG2肝癌细胞增殖的影响,探讨其作用机制,以0—92.5×106 Bq/mL的18F-FDG作用HepG2肝癌细胞后6、12和24 h,用倒置显微镜观察、流式细胞术和逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术检测细胞增殖、凋亡、活性氧含量及P53基因表达。结果表明,18F-FDG能诱导HepG2肝癌细胞的凋亡,并随18F-FDG放射性浓度的增大,细胞凋亡率增大,活性氧含量增加,P53表达增强。由此可见,18F-FDG能通过诱发HepG2肝癌细胞凋亡来抑制其增殖,且抑制率呈放射性浓度依赖性升高。     

Bystander effect in human hepatoma HepG2 cells caused by medium transfers at different times after high-LET carbon ion irradiation

Although radiation-induced bystander effects have been well documented in a variety of biological systems, whether irradiated cells have the ability to generate bystander signaling persistently is still unclear and the clinical relevance of bystander effects in radiotherapy remains to be elucidated. This study examines tumor cellular bystander response to autologous medium from cell culture irradiated with high-linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ions at a therapeutically relevant dose in terms of clonogenic cell survival. In vitro experiments were performed using human hepatoma HepG2 cell line exposed to 100 keV/μm carbon ions at a dose of 2 Gy. Two different periods (2 and 12 h) after irradiation, irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM) and replenished fresh medium were harvested and then transferred to unirradiated bystander cells. Cellular bystander responses were measured with the different medium transfer protocols. Significant higher survival fractions of unirradiated cells receiving the media from the irradiated cultures at the different times post-irradiation than those of the control were observed. Even replenishing fresh medium for unirradiated cells which had been exposed to the ICCM for 12 h could not prevent the bystander cells from the increased survival fraction. These results suggest that the irradiated cells could release unidentified signal factor(s), which induced the increase in survival fraction for the unirradiated bystander cells, into the media sustainedly and the carbon ions triggered a cascade of signaling events in the irradiated cells rather than secreting the soluble signal factor(s) just at a short period after irradiation. Based on the observations in this study, the importance of bystander effect in clinical radiotherapy was discussed and incorporating the bystander effect into the current radiobiological models, which are applicable to heavy ion radiotherapy, is needed urgently.     

LGK-974对人肝癌细胞系HepG2的辐射增敏作用

观察LGK-974(CAS:1243244-14-5)对人肝癌细胞系HepG2的辐射增敏作用,并探讨可能的作用机制。应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测LGK-974对HepG2细胞的生长抑制作用;细胞克隆形成法确定1.0mmol/L LGK-974对HepG2细胞放疗敏感性的影响;H2DCFH-DA探针流式细胞法检测细胞活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平;RT-PCR及Western Blot法检测Nrf2及其下游NQO-1、HO-1基因的转录水平和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,LGK-974抑制HepG2细胞的生长分裂和增殖,24、48、72 h的半抑制浓度(IC50)为4.3、2.14、0.536mmol/L(p0.05);1.0mmol/L LGK-974对HepG2细胞的放射增敏比(SERD0)为1.37;LGK-974能增大辐射产生的ROS水平(p0.05);照射后Nrf2及其下游基因HO-1、NQO-1的转录水平和表达水平均增加;LGK-974能降低辐射对Nrf2、HO-1和NQO-1的转录和表达水平的增加作用(p0.05)。由此得出,LGK-974对人肝癌细胞系HepG2具有明显的辐射增敏作用,其机制可能是抑制Nrf2信号通路,阻止细胞缓解辐射产生的氧化压力。     

Effect of p53 on lung carcinoma cells irradiated by carbon ions or X-rays

The study is to investigate the feasibility and advantages of heavy ion beams on radiotherapy. The cellular cycle and apoptosis, cell reproductive death and p53 expression evaluated with flow cytometry, clonogenic survival assays and Western blot analysis were examined in lung carcinoma cells after exposure to 89.63 MeV/u carbon ion and 6 MV X-ray irradiations, respectively. The results showed that the number colonyforming assay of A549 was higher than that of H1299 cells in two radiation groups; A549 cellular cycle was arrested in G2/M in 12 h and the per-centage of apoptosis ascended at each time point of carbon ion radiation with doses, the expression of p53 upregulated with doses exposed to X-ray or carbon ion. The cell number in G2/M of H1299 and apoptosis were increasing at all time points with doses in 12C6+ ion irradiation group. The results suggested that the effects of carbon ions or X rays ir-radiation on lung carcinoma cells were different, 12C6+ ion irradiation could have more effect on upregulating the ex-pression of p53 than X-ray, and the upregulated expression of p53 might produce the cellular cycle G2/M arrested, apoptosis increasing; and p53 gene might affect the lung cancer cells radiosensitivity.     

NU7026对肝癌细胞放射增敏作用及机制研究

为给研制新的抗癌和放射增敏药物提供理论依据,采用Westernblot检测DNA—PKcs在肝癌细胞中的表达水平及NU7026对DNA—PKcs活性的影响,以彗星实验表达检测细胞DNA受损的情况,微核实验观察染色体损伤,克隆形成实验观察对细胞株放射敏感性的影响。结果表明,DNA．PKcs在肝癌细胞中呈高表达,NU7026能抑制辐射所诱发的p-DNA—PKcs／S2056的活化,微核实验及彗星实验检测表明,NU7026能有效延长辐照后细胞的修复时间,并能明显降低放射后细胞的克隆形成率。提示NU7026对肝癌细胞有放射增敏作用,其作用机制与抑制DNA-PKcs活性有关。     

Differential modulation of a radiation-induced bystander effect in glioblastoma cells by pifithrin-α and wortmannin

The implication of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) for both radiation protection and radiotherapy has attracted significant attention, but a key question is how to modulate the RIBE. The present study found that, when a fraction of glioblastoma cells in T98G population were individually targeted with precise helium particles through their nucleus, micronucleus (MN) were induced and its yield increased non-linearly with radiation dose. After co-culturing with irradiated cells, additional MN could be induced in the non-irradiated bystander cells and its yield was independent of irradiation dose, giving direct evidence of a RIBE. Further results showed that the RIBE could be eliminated by pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor) but enhanced by wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, it was found that nitric oxide (NO) contributed to this RIBE, and the levels of NO of both irradiated cells and bystander cells could be extensively diminished by pifithrin-α but insignificantly reduced by wortmannin. Our results indicate that RIBE can be modulated by p53 and PI3K through a NO-dependent and NO-independent pathway, respectively.     

Evaluation of radiosensitivity of human tumor cells after irradiation of γ-rays based on G2-chromosome aberrations

The aim of the present investigation is to determine initial G2-chromosome aberrations and to validate whether the G2-chromosome aberrations can predict the cellular clonogenic survival in human tumor cell lines. Cell lines of human ovary carcinoma cells (HO8910) and human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were irradiated with a range of doses and assessed both for initial G2-chromosome aberrations and for cell survival after γ-irradiation. The initial G2-chromosome aberrations were measured by counting the number of G2-chromatid breaks after irradiation, detected by the premature chromosome condensation technique, and the G2-assay method. Cell survival was documented by a colony formation assay. A linear-quadratic survival curve was observed in both cell lines. The dose-response results show that the numbers of G2-chromatid breaks increase with the increase in dose in the two cell lines. At higher doses (higher than 4 Gy) of irradiation, the number of G2-chromatid breaks for the G2-assay method cannot be determined because too few cells reach mitosis, and hence their detection is difficult. A good correlation is found between the clonogenic survival and the radiation-induced initial G2-chromatid breaks per cell (r=0.9616). The present results suggest that the premature chromosome condensation technique may be useful for determining chromatid breaks in G2 cells, and the number of initial G2-chromatid breaks holds promise for predicting the radiosensitivity of tumor cells.