变孔隙毛细芯平板热管性能

毛细芯是热管的核心部件,单一均匀孔隙毛细芯往往难以同时兼顾高性能热管对于毛细抽吸力和渗透率两方面的需求,变孔隙毛细芯则可以根据需要分别设置变化的内部孔隙分布,同时满足所需要的毛细抽吸力和渗透率。本文以纤维毡为主要材料制备不同孔隙分布的变孔隙毛细芯,搭建变孔隙毛细芯平板热管实验台,通过实验研究毛细芯的孔隙分布等参数对平板热管的启动性能和传热性能的影响,研究结果表明：含有变孔隙复合毛细芯的平板热管比含均匀孔隙毛细芯的平板热管性能更好,启动所需的时间更短,热管的传热性能也更好。其他条件相同,倾斜角度为45°时,回流方向孔径递减毛细芯平板热管能承受的加热功率比均匀毛细芯平板热管高约2W,比重力热管高3～4W。     

中空纤维膜制备方法研究进展

介绍了中空纤维膜3种主要制备方法,即溶液纺丝法、熔融纺丝-拉仲法和热致相分离法。分别阐述了这3种方法的技术路线和致孔机理,回顾了3者的进展,展望了中空纤维膜制备技术的发展趋势。     

紊流絮凝动力初探

根据紊流水力特征研究絮凝动力学问题,分析絮凝动力因素,得出了主要作用力及主导作用力。认为紊流运动可以看成是各种不同尺度的涡旋运动迭加于平均速束的结果,涡旋运动产生的剪切力和离心惯性力是絮凝颗粒产生接触碰撞的主要作用和,而涡旋剪切力是絮凝反应的主导动力。为提高絮凝效率提供了技术途径。     

电场与磁场在非均相分离中的应用技术综述

分别概述了在石油、化工和矿场领域中,电场和磁场在非均相分离中的应用现状和进展。首先介绍了电脱水(液-液分离、固-液分离)、电除尘(气-固分离)等技术及其原理,分析了影响其分离性能的诸多因素。例如,对于电脱水,影响因素主要包括:电场是否为匀强电场、电场强度及电场方向等;对于电除尘包括:除尘颗粒的性质、除尘器内部流场等因素。磁场作用下的非均相分离目前研究热点集中在磁力旋流器上,介绍了磁力旋流器的结构类型和特点,总结了影响分离效果的诸多因素并对旋流器内部磁性颗粒的运动状况进行了对比分析。最后对电场和磁场在非均相分离中的应用技术进行了系统的论述;对促进分离效果的措施进行了总结和归纳;并展望了该项技术未来的发展趋势和研究热点。     

微胶囊与微胶囊技术

介绍了微胶囊、微胶囊的包裹材料的种类选用原则、微胶囊囊芯物的种类。重点介绍微胶囊化技术,主要的制备方法有水相分离法、有机相分离法、复相乳液聚合法、乳液聚合法、界面聚合法,界面沉积法、后面三种方法主要用来制备纳米微胶囊,对微胶囊建立特性进行表征,并对微胶囊的大小、膜厚、微胶囊膜的孔径对微胶囊的扩散笥能的影响进行探讨,预测了微胶囊技术的发展前景／     

气液分离强化传热多孔结构毛细上升特征

气液分离强化传热多孔结构,由于气体、液体在多孔壁面有着不同的力学行为,使得气液两相在多孔壁面发生分离,气体不能进入多孔壁面结构,液体则能自由进入,从而形成气体始终沿管壁运动,液体则在管中心流动这一高效传热流态。多孔壁面的毛细力对气液分离有着重要的影响。采用一种新颖的毛细力测试方法--红外热像测试法测试了多孔强化结构的毛细力。研究发现,多孔结构的毛细力与使用的粉末材料形状、颗粒尺寸及填充孔隙率有关。其中对毛细力影响最大的是粉末颗粒形状,颗粒尺寸次之,孔隙率最弱。     

闪蒸纺丝技术

闪蒸纺丝是干法纺丝的特例 ,简要介绍了闪蒸纺丝的发展及应用范围 ,重点叙述了闪蒸纺丝的技术方法、相分离和超音速流原理以及应用前景     

气液分离强化传热多孔结构毛细上升特征

气液分离强化传热多孔结构,由于气体、液体在多孔壁面有着不同的力学行为,使得气液两相在多孔壁面发生分离,气体不能进入多孔壁面结构,液体则能自由进入,从而形成气体始终沿管壁运动,液体则在管中心流动这一高效传热流态。多孔壁面的毛细力对气液分离有着重要的影响。采用一种新颖的毛细力测试方法——红外热像测试法测试了多孔强化结构的毛细力。研究发现,多孔结构的毛细力与使用的粉末材料形状、颗粒尺寸及填充孔隙率有关。其中对毛细力影响最大的是粉末颗粒形状,颗粒尺寸次之,孔隙率最弱。     

氟化聚氨酯的合成及应用研究进展

综述了氟化聚氨酯中含氟链段的主要引入方法,即分别由聚氨酯硬段、聚氨酯软段和丙烯酸酯类单体引入,并对各自的优点和局限之处进行了评述。介绍了氟化聚氨酯材料的微相分离结构和低表面能特性,以及氟化聚氨酯材料在制造弹性体、泡沫塑料、涂料等领域的应用。并指出了氟化聚氨酯当今研究的热点和今后的发展方向。     

功能性多孔介质中气泡输运调控的格子Boltzmann分析

为提高毛细蒸发海水淡化技术中的蒸发效率,多孔介质层需要维持一定的毛细压力,同时还要确保气泡能够快速通过。基于此背景,本文建立了多孔介质参数化模型,探究了气泡穿越多孔介质间隙过程的运动特征,研究在保持一定孔隙毛细压力的同时,通过调控孔道尺寸及排布从而使气泡能够更快速地通过多孔介质层。基于格子Boltzmann伪势模型分析了多孔介质孔隙率、壁面润湿特性、孔道排布及气泡水平方向初速度等对气泡形貌、上升速度、与壁面平均接触面积及孔隙毛细力的影响,获得了多孔介质的孔隙率设计范围,骨架润湿特性调控以及孔道排布方式的选择依据。同时还获得了在实际蒸发过程中,可以使气泡存在一定的水平方向初速度,从而能够更快地脱离多孔介质的策略。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.