新型室温工作微机械红外探测器

提出一种基于特殊红外吸收机理和先进微机械加工技术实现的新型室温工作红外探测器.利用在特定波段对红外辐射有强烈吸收的气体作为吸收红外辐射的媒质,采用微机械加工方法制作带有弹性敏感薄膜的微气室和微电容检测结构将吸收的红外辐射能量转换为弹性薄膜的机械形变引起电容变化并通过电学方法检测,从而实现灵敏而快速的室温红外探测器件,尤其在8～14μm有良好的应用前景.     

光子晶体改善中红外辐射的发生

在硅片中设计的一种光子晶体使得用户能够有控制地产生中红外辐射，由美国Ion光学公司研制的这种发射器正准备投入环境监测应用。据有关专家解释说，中红外辐射一般由热灯丝、发光二极管或者量子级联激光器发生。该公司的研究人员在一块硅片上先覆盖一层玻璃，然后再覆盖一层黄金或者一层铂     

纳米级红外光谱用于聚合物的表征

尽管红外微光谱有广阔的用途,但是由于光学规则与实际设计的局限性,其基本的空间分辨率受到了限制.傅里叶变换红外光谱的空间分辨率局限于3倍的红外辐射波长.通过使用衰减全反射(ATR)的方式,可以将其空间分辨率接近于其辐射波长.纳米级红外光谱(Nano IR)技术可以解决分辨率的限制,提供一种在200 nm及其之上可以测量样品物理和化学性质的方法.     

非制冷红外热成像测温关键技术研究

非制冷红外热成像测温过程受环境温度、测温距离和大气湿度等诸多因素影响,因此在复杂环境中实现高精度测温颇具挑战。为了满足复杂环境中精确测温的需求,分析并研究了非制冷红外热成像测温误差的主要影响因素和关键补偿技术。首先,针对非制冷红外探测器输出辐射温度易受环境影响的问题,设计了基于粒子群算法优化反向传播神经网络的非制冷红外探测器辐射温度预测算法,实现了不同工作温度下辐射温度的精确预测;其次,针对测温过程中的红外辐射大气衰减现象,设计了基于大气传输软件的近地红外辐射大气透射率计算方法,实现了大气透射率的准确、快速、便捷计算;最后,整合关键误差补偿技术形成了完整的非制冷红外热成像测温方法,并实验验证了以上关键技术对于提高红外测温精度和环境适应性的有效性。     

用于红外探测的微型悬臂梁的结构模拟

一种用MEMS微加工技术制造的微型悬臂梁已经开始应用于红外探测技术中,悬臂梁由双层材料构成,衬底由硅、氮化硅等半导体材料制作,另一层则是一种热敏金属材料薄膜.在没有红外辐射情况下,悬臂梁的两侧表面应力是平衡的,而一旦有红外辐射到一侧的热敏薄膜材料后,引发该材料膨胀,迫使微型悬臂梁发生弯曲变形.用有限元分析软件ANSYS对该悬臂梁进行模拟仿真,改变结构参数,观察灵敏度的变化情况.除灵敏度外,还给出了悬臂梁的温度场分布和应力场分布图.获得的数据证明结构参数的设计对微型悬臂梁的灵敏度至关重要.     

ReS2薄膜的超快载流子动力学和太赫兹发射研究

基于超快时间分辨光谱实验手段,研究了化学气相沉积（chemical vapor deposition,CVD）生长的ReS_2薄膜的超快载流子动力学和太赫兹发射。分别利用光泵浦探测和光泵浦太赫兹发射两套系统对ReS_2薄膜进行了测试,结果表明：ReS_2薄膜具有超快的载流子热化过程和亚纳秒量级的复合过程;在飞秒激光泵浦下能够产生频谱宽度为2.5 THz的太赫兹辐射。通过分析太赫兹辐射随泵浦光入射角改变而出现极性相反的现象,得出ReS_2薄膜产生太赫兹辐射的主要机制为表面场效应。研究结果不仅有助于理解ReS_2薄膜对超快激光脉冲的瞬态响应,而且为太赫兹光子器件（如太赫兹发射器等）的研究设计提供了重要参考。     

一种红外辐射特性测量教学训练系统

提出了一种红外辐射特性测量教学训练系统。利用该系统,结合红外辐射特性测量设备的任务及结构原理,设计了近20个操作科目;并阐述了红外辐射特性测量系统标定原理,实现了红外辐射特性测量教学系统的软硬件系统设计;研究并确立了红外探测器指标测试操作科目的计算模型。经实验验证,该系统能满足教学训练要求,有助于士官院校学员对红外辐射特性测量系统原理、结构的学习和掌握。     

1m口径红外测量系统的辐射定标

为了测量空中目标的红外辐射特性,设计了一套1m口径红外测量系统的辐射定标装置。给出了红外测量系统辐射定标的数学模型,以腔型黑体和平行光管组合作为标准辐射源,建立了1m口径红外测量系统的辐射定标系统。考虑该红外测量系统的光谱响应具有选择性,若采用传统辐射定标方法易产生原理误差,故提出了一种基于光栅单色仪和标准辐射计的相对光谱标定方法。给出了该标定方法的数学模型并进行了相对光谱标定。最后,在外场以黑体作为模拟目标进行了辐射特性测量实验。结果表明,应用本文提出的辐射定标方法,1m口径红外测量系统的辐射特性测量误差最大值为9.5%,比传统方法平均减少了约8.7%,可满足实际项目指标要求,非常适合外场辐射定标的应用。     

微纳流体光波导及其在生物传感器中的应用

微纳流体光波导融合了微观流体与微光学特征,能够在相同物理空间实现流体介质和微光学信息功能及结构的集成,是生物化学分析及生物传感器的关键器件.本文综述了微纳流体光波导研究现状及其在生物传感器和生物化学分析中的应用实例.论述了实现微纳流体光波导的全反射机理、多层干涉效应,抗谐振反射机理,以及基于上述机理实现的各种流体波导形式.重点分析了基于微纳流体层流效应的全流体波导,基于多层干涉效应的Bragg光波导、空心光子晶体波导、狭缝光流体波导、抗谐振反射光波导等多种波导的特点.指出狭缝光流体波导和抗谐振反射光波导具有更好的设计灵活性,且检测灵敏度高、可靠性好、易于集成制造,可望在生物传感器及微纳流体光学系统中得到更广泛的应用.     

FY-3A中分辨率光谱成像仪热红外通道的多探元辐射定标

FY-3A中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI)红外通道采取40探元跨轨并行扫描方式,针对其辐射定标要比传统单元探测器的辐射定标复杂的问题,研究了MERSI红外通道的多探元辐射定标方法。首先,基于星上黑体观测进行逐探元的辐射定标处理,消除探元辐射响应差异条纹;然后,利用各探元与基准探元光谱响应对不同温度黑体光谱辐亮度建立比值关系,基于其随着辐亮度呈非线性变化的关系,对逐探元定标后图像进行探元光谱差异的辐亮度归一化补偿,从辐射机理上最大限度地消除图像条纹,实现了多探元观测目标辐射信号的光谱响应差异归一化。为了验证MERSI红外通道辐射定标精度,文中还利用同时过星下点观测(SNO)交叉定标方法,将MERSI定标结果与美国Terra中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)定标结果进行比对,结果显示,相对于后者,MERSI的红外通道亮温高1K左右,认为这可能与两者的通道带宽不同有关。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.