Biological and nutritional role of taurine and its derivatives on cellular and organic physiology]

Several aspects about the biological role of taurine and its derivatives has been described in this work, especially in relation to humans. Some aspects related to the structure and function of the molecule in respect to its capacity as an osmoregulator and as an antioxidant are also analyzed. Moreover, the distribution changes on the biosynthesis phenomenon in some development stages as well as changes at the transport level, especially in some tissues where the concentration is increased several times with respect to plasmatic concentrations, are discussed. Some evidences exist as to the possibilities that taurine may be considered as a conditionally essential nutrient, particularly in some cases where it has been demonstrated that taurine and its derivatives have certain clinical and nutritional implications.     

羟基和氨基苯类化合物的生物氧化与代谢

引言 芳香类污染物是自然界分布广泛的一类化合物,主要来源于石油工业、造纸业、塑料加工、纤维制造以及农药生产等[1].其中大多数酚(羟基苯)和芳香胺(氨基苯)具有很强的毒性和致癌性,因此被很多国家列为首要污染物[2-3].由于物理处理法和化学处理法成本高且可能引入其他有害物质[4],人们日益关注成本低廉而处理彻底的生物法[3].     

Biomimetic and bioinspired membranes: Preparation and application

By imitating the exceptional compositions, structures, formations and functions of biological or natural materials, a myriad of biomimetic and bioinspired membranes have been designed and prepared using cell membrane, lotus, mussel as representative prototypes and biomineralization, bioadhesion, self-assembly as major tools. These membranes have displayed fascinating properties and outstanding performances such as multiple interactions, hierarchical organizations, multiple selective transport mechanisms, superior stability/resistance and distinct adaptability. Meanwhile, these membranes have made tremendous contributions in coping with energy and water stress, environment threats. Biomimetics focuses on the basic science by fundamentally exploring the principles of biological systems, while bioinspiration focuses on the applied engineering by technologically implementing the principles from biological systems. Biomimetics and bioinspiration, as the complementary and interchangeable strategies for sustainable innovation and development of membrane technology, have great implications in exploring membrane materials and intensifying membrane processes. This review will present a brief overview on the prototypes, preparation, application as well as perspective of biomimetic and bioinspired membranes.     

TPEE在防水透气材料中的应用及其特性

介绍了防水透气材料的原理及其特性,市场现有的防水透气材料种类、相应的加工方式和分子结构特点,对比了各类型材料的优缺点,同时也介绍了防水透气材料的主要市场应用;重点介绍了TPEE类型材料在防水透气材料应用中的原理,性能特点及其优点,并指出在该应用上相应的优势,表明了是市场发展的应用趋势。     

Medium chain length fatty acid esters and their medical and nutritional applications

Caprylic and capric acid esters and their applications in medical, nutritional and dietetic uses are described. Medium chain triglycer-ides (MCT) as a tool in the control of obesity, control in the choles-terol deposition in the tissues as well as a means of lowering serum cholesterol are cited as unique characteristics of such lipids. MCT as a source of quick energy and high energy is suggested as an alterna-tive to the conventional fats and oils (LCT). Dietetic and nutritional application utilizing the unique characteristics of caprylic and capric acid esters is indicated as alternatives to conventional fats and oils. The mono-diglycerides of caprylic and capric acid as cholesterol dis-solving agents in treating of patients having cholesterol gallstones is described to illustrate the unique solvency properties of such mono esters in medical applications. The possibility of such mono esters of di- and polyhydric alcohols to act as co-solvents for oil and water systems is suggested which can be applied in medical, pharmaceuti-cal and allied fields. Structured lipids with a predominance of capry-lic and capric acid to modify the properties of triglycerides is described for hyperalimentation uses as well as the special nutri-tional and dietetic needs.     

产磷脂酶菌株的筛选鉴定及其应用

采用磷脂平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,从富油土样中筛选得到一株产磷脂酶菌株BIT-18。经菌株形态特征、生理生化特征及16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定其为荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）。以磷脂标准品（1-棕榈酰-2-油酰-Sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱）为底物,通过气相色谱分析反应产物的脂肪酸成分,定性鉴定P.fluorescens BIT-18表达的磷脂酶为B型磷脂酶。该酶为低温酶,最适温度和pH值分别为25℃和6.5,低浓度的金属离子有利于其酶促反应进行。以磷脂酶B为催化剂在自制间歇式反应器中对大豆油进行酶法脱胶,在加酶量500 U·kg^-1,加水量2%,温度40℃,pH 4.7的条件下反应6 h,脱胶油磷含量由90.1 mg·kg^-1降至4.6 mg·kg^-1,脱胶率高达94.9%,显示出良好的应用前景。     

某污水处理厂扩建及提标改造工程设计与运行

随着污水处理厂出水标准越来越严格,高邮市某污水处理厂原一期百乐克(BIOLAK)工艺是无法满足要求的。针对这些问题,扩建及提标改造工程预处理采用水解酸化池,生化处理采用改良AAO工艺,深度处理采用"高密度沉淀池+深床反硝化滤池"组合工艺,确保出水水质稳定达标。改造工程包含扩建、提标两部分内容,生化处理扩建规模为3.5万m^3/d,预处理和深度处理规模为6.0万m^3/d。采用了较为先进的工艺设计理念,选取合理的设计参数,可供同类污水处理厂扩建及提标改造时参考。     

Adsorption and Aggregation Activity of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Rhamnolipid Mixture

Measurements of the surface tension, density and viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and rhamnolipid (RL) mixtures were carried out in aqueous solution. From the obtained results, composition of mixed surface layer at the water–air interface, mixed micelles, parameter of intermolecular interactions, activity of SDS and RL in the surface layer and micelles, Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption and micellization as well as Gibbs free energy of SDS and RL mixing in the surface layer and micelles were established. These parameters were discussed in the light of independent adsorption of SDS and RL and the size of their molecules as well as the area in contact with water molecules. A correlation between the number of water molecules in contact with those of SDS and RL and standard free energy of adsorption as well as micellization of these surfactants was observed. A correlation between the apparent and partial molar volumes of RL and SDS in their mixture and size of surfactant molecules as well as the average distance between molecules was also found. The parameter of intermolecular interactions indicates that there is a synergetic effect in the reduction of water surface tension and micelle formation.     

SBS和SBS环氧化与顺酐化研究

SBS是(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)三嵌段共聚物，是含有聚苯乙烯玻璃化微区及聚丁二烯连续相的多相聚合物，具有热塑性橡胶的性质。它具有良好的拉伸性能、耐湿性、透气性、溶解性及抗滑性，而被大量用于橡胶制品、粘舍剂及沥青和树脂的改性剂等。其缺点是耐油性差，与极性物质不相容，不粘接等。用环氧化及顺酐化改性可改进这方面的缺点。SBS的环氧化改性多半使用过甲酸或过乙酸在溶液中进行。产物可作为压敏胶、热熔胶、密封胶等，用于粘接极性材料，也可作为耐油热塑性橡胶。SBS的顺酐化改性可在熔融态进行，也可在溶液中进行。产物可用作极性聚合物与非极性聚合物的共混增容剂、胶粘剂及进一步合成离聚体。     

油气管道第三方破坏及其监控管理方法

油气管道第三方破坏已经上升为管道失效的主要原因,文章阐述了管道第三方破坏的主要原因及表现形式,并简单介绍了5种对油气管道第三方破坏的监控管理方法一声学监测、光纤系统、卫星监测、阴极保护监测及呼叫系统,这对以后管道的安全管理与运行有重要的意义.     

官能化乙丙橡胶的制备和表征

用２,５－二甲基－２,５－二叔丁基过氧基己烷为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯（ＧＭＡ）、马来酸酐（ＭＡＨ）和丙烯酸（ＡＡ）为接枝单体,对三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）和二元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＲ）进行熔融接枝,接枝产物用ＦＴＩＲ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ等进行了表征,并用化学滴定方法对接枝率进行了测定。实验结果表明,影响接枝率和凝胶质量分数的主要因素为乙丙橡胶的化学结构、引发剂和单体的用量、反应时间及温度等。接枝单体反应活性大小依次为ＧＭＡ,ＡＡ,ＭＡＨ。     

氟硅油合成工艺与应用性能研究进展（特约稿件）

氟硅油结合了氟碳材料与有机硅各自的优点,具有优异的耐温、润滑等表面性能,在石油化工、纺织、机械等众多领域中得到广泛应用。本文总结了氟硅油的制备方法,包括硅氢加成法、水解法、开环聚合法,并讨论了分子结构对性能的影响,包括氟硅油多种界面功能的作用机理、氟-硅协同效应等。此外,文章还介绍了氟硅油作为润滑剂、消泡剂、整理剂、超疏水材料的研究应用现状。氟硅油应用过程中,以有机磷化合物、硅醇铁等为添加剂能有效提升氟硅油的抗剪切性、抗氧化性;在分子链中引入聚醚或氨基等制备共改性硅油,能够有效的提升氟硅油的表面性能。最后对于氟硅油的的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

醋酸正丙酯与醋酸正丁酯的选择与探讨

在 PTA 装置中溶剂脱水正常采用两种方法：常规精馏和共沸精馏。从能耗和物耗以及方便操作的角度,通常选用共沸精馏,而采用共沸精馏时,共沸剂的选择是一个比较关键的因素。笔者从共沸剂的性能、消耗、能耗以及塔的选择方面进行了比较与探讨,为共沸精馏塔的共沸剂选择提供了一个参考。     

国内外聚丙烯供需状况及发展方向

介绍了世界和我国聚丙烯生产的产能、供需状况、消费结构及发展方向。     

Nanotubes and nanowires

Ever since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, several strategies have been developed for the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as well as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). We examine novel methods such as the precursor route and nebulized spray pyrolysis for the synthesis of MWNTs as well as junction nanotubes. Nanotubes of inorganic layered materials obtained by various ingenious methods are discussed. Nanowires of inorganic materials are synthesized not only by high temperature methods such as the carbon-assisted route, but also by soft chemical routes. We describe some of the soft chemical routes for the synthesis of inorganic nanotubes and nanowires. Some of the properties and applications of the nanotubes and nanowires are briefly described.     

耐热耐迁移绿色环保聚酯增塑剂的合成及其对PVC增塑性能的研究

以1,4环己烷二甲醇、戊二酸和2丙基庚醇为原料,采用酯化缩聚法,以钛酸四正丁酯为催化剂、环己烷为带水剂,合成了新型的聚戊二酸1,4环己烷二甲醇酯增塑剂。目标分子结构中含有六元脂环、线性碳链及酯基的多官能团组成,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、核磁共振谱仪和高效液相色谱仪等对聚酯的结构、相对分子质量进行表征。结果表明,制备的聚酯作为增塑剂混合到聚氯乙烯（PVC）中,PVC/聚酯复合材料的断裂伸长率为677.15 %,而PVC/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）复合材料的断裂伸长率在相同测试条件下为693.82 %,聚酯与DOP在加入到PVC中的拉伸性能相差不大,但是,PVC/聚酯复合材料耐热性相对于PVC/DOP复合材料来说提高了158 ℃,并且在活性炭中的迁移性降低了16 %;PVC/聚酯复合材料相对于PVC/DOP具有较好的耐热性和耐迁移性。     

智能膜材料与膜技术综述及展望

综述了智能膜材料与膜技术的进展,并对其前景进行了展望。智能膜作为一类新型膜材料和膜技术,正日益受到广泛的关注。着重介绍了智能膜种类与特点、智能膜材料与膜过程原理、以及智能膜的应用前景。     

金属硼化物及其复合材料的合成工艺和市场应用

论述了几种金属硼化物及其合成工艺,如六硼化钙、磷化硼、硼纤维、硼化镁、硼化钛、硼化镧等的合成工艺及市场应用。     

镁及镁合金电镀与化学镀

介绍了镁及镁合金电镀与化学镀工艺流程、浸锌及直接化学镀镍等前处理工艺,以及已应用于镁及镁合金上的各种镀层.同时,对电镀及化学镀在镁及镁合金上的应用和发展状况作了简要评述.     

纳米微粒作为润滑油脂添加剂的现状与发展趋势

通过对目前润滑油脂添加剂研究成果的综合分析,提出了当前研究中存在的一些问题以及今后应关注的研究方向,特别强调应重点加强特殊环境,如高温、重载、磨损表面的修复、环境友好等条件下的纳米润滑添加剂的研制,纳米微粒润滑机理与其特殊的摩擦学性能之间的关系,以及表面修饰纳米微粒的工业化研究。